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- Dalhousie Law Journal (13)
- San Diego International Law Journal (3)
- Georgia Journal of International & Comparative Law (2)
- Osgoode Hall Law Journal (2)
- Sustainable Development Law & Policy (2)
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- University of Michigan Journal of Law Reform (2)
- Loyola of Los Angeles International and Comparative Law Review (1)
- Michigan Journal of Environmental & Administrative Law (1)
- Michigan Journal of International Law (1)
- Ocean and Coastal Law Journal (1)
- Pace Environmental Law Review (1)
- Public Land & Resources Law Review (1)
Articles 1 - 30 of 30
Full-Text Articles in Law
Canada’S Arctic Policy Framework: Governance Transformation In Nunavut, C. Mark Macneill
Canada’S Arctic Policy Framework: Governance Transformation In Nunavut, C. Mark Macneill
Sustainable Development Law & Policy
On August 28, 2017 Canada’s Prime Minister, Justin Trudeau committed to a renewed relationship with Indigenous Peoples based on the recognition of rights, respect, co-operation and partnership. To accomplish this mission, major structural changes in how the Government of Canada engages and relates with Indigenous peoples across the country were co-developed with indigenous, territorial and provincial partners to form a new Arctic Policy Framework (APF). This has had major implications of departmental transformation, particularly for the former Department of Indigenous and Northern Affairs (INAC), Nunavut. Regional Office (NRO), its staff, programs, and operations.
Splitting Canada’S Northern Strategy: Is It Polar Mania?, C. Mark Macneill
Splitting Canada’S Northern Strategy: Is It Polar Mania?, C. Mark Macneill
Sustainable Development Law & Policy
On July 15, 2019, Prime Minister Justin Trudeau’s legislation splitting Indigenous and Northern Affairs Canada (INAC) into two new departments and dissolving INAC came into effect. The same legislation also formally established the mandates of the two new departments, Crown-Indigenous Relations and Northern Affairs (CIRNAC) and Indigenous Services Canada (ISC). The Government of Canada passed the legislation to develop deeper relations and higher levels of collaboration with Canada’s Indigenous people to build stronger and healthier northern communities. Dovetailing with the splitting of INC, Prime Minister Justin Trudeau announce the Arctic Policy Framework (APF). The APF was co-developed with indigenous, territorial, …
Indigenous Environmental Network And North Coast Rivers Alliance V. President Donald J. Trump, Et Al. And Tc Energy Corporation, Et Al., Kirsten D. Gerbatsch Ms.
Indigenous Environmental Network And North Coast Rivers Alliance V. President Donald J. Trump, Et Al. And Tc Energy Corporation, Et Al., Kirsten D. Gerbatsch Ms.
Public Land & Resources Law Review
A single cross-border pipeline project has been the epicenter of environmental litigation for the last decade—and it is not over yet. For years, TransCanada Keystone Pipeline, LP and TC Energy have sought to construct and maintain a segment of the Keystone pipeline between the United States and Canada to connect existing pipeline infrastructure and transport crude oil. To do so, the company must first apply and be approved for a permit. Between 2008 and 2012, President Obama twice denied TransCanada Keystone Pipeline and TC Energy’s applications. Then, in 2017 and again in 2019, President Trump unilaterally invited TC Energy’s application …
Venezuela Undermines Gold Miner Crystallex's Attempts To Recover On Its Icsid Award, Sam Wesson
Venezuela Undermines Gold Miner Crystallex's Attempts To Recover On Its Icsid Award, Sam Wesson
Loyola of Los Angeles International and Comparative Law Review
No abstract provided.
Marine Renewable Energy Law And Policy In The Bay Of Fundy: The Impact Of Ambiguous Domestic Boundaries In Canada On Nova Scotia's Regulatory Framework, Esteban Salcedo
Marine Renewable Energy Law And Policy In The Bay Of Fundy: The Impact Of Ambiguous Domestic Boundaries In Canada On Nova Scotia's Regulatory Framework, Esteban Salcedo
Ocean and Coastal Law Journal
Using a legal history methodology, this paper examines existing marine renewable energy law and policy in Nova Scotia with a focus on its application in the Bay of Fundy. This paper critically assesses the current approach to coastal management in light of recent recommendations summarized in the Fournier report. This paper argues that, despite clear calls to develop integrated ocean management and marine spatial planning in policies and regulations, Canada and Nova Scotia have failed to do so because of unclear federal-provincial boundaries. Ambiguous domestic borders in the Bay of Fundy have been at the source of an overly cautious, …
Regulation Of Chemical Risks: Lessons For Reform Of The Toxic Substances Control Act From Canada And The European Union, Adam D.K. Abelkop, John D. Graham
Regulation Of Chemical Risks: Lessons For Reform Of The Toxic Substances Control Act From Canada And The European Union, Adam D.K. Abelkop, John D. Graham
Pace Environmental Law Review
The purpose of this Article is to compare the regulatory systems in Canada and the EU, and use comparative insights to draw some lessons that may be of interest to U.S. policy makers engaged in TSCA reform. CEPA and REACH are seen by stakeholders as state of the art in chemicals assessment and management, and thus the U.S. may draw useful insights from them. Indeed, the European Union and Canada have each been urging other countries to join in a globalization of the REACH or Canadian programs, respectively. Regardless of what TSCA reformers choose to learn from the Canadian and …
Territorial Waters - Agreement Providing For The Issuance Of International Licenses For Fishing Tuna In The Eastern Pacific Ocean - An Attempt At Uniformity In An Area Where Conflicting Jurisdictional Claims Have Created Tensions And Conflicts, Gary L. Carter
Georgia Journal of International & Comparative Law
No abstract provided.
Law Of The Sea - Deep Seabed Mining - United States Position In Light Of Recent Agreement And Exchange Of Notes With Five Countries Involved In Preparatory Commission Of United Nations Convention On The Law Of The Sea, Katherine Dixon
Georgia Journal of International & Comparative Law
No abstract provided.
Blueprint For The Great Lakes Trail, Melissa K. Scanlan
Blueprint For The Great Lakes Trail, Melissa K. Scanlan
Michigan Journal of Environmental & Administrative Law
The Great Lakes are vast yet vulnerable. There is a need to focus the public’s attention on the significance of the lakes for the region as a cohesive, binational whole. To address this need, build on existing water law, and engage the public, this Article provides a blueprint to establish a Great Lakes Trail on the shores of the Great Lakes. The Trail will link together 10,000 miles of coastline and provide the longest marked walking trail in the world. It will demarcate an already existing, yet largely unrecognized, public trust easement and engage the public with their common heritage …
Living In Perfect Harmony: Harmonizing Sub-Artic Co-Management Through Judicial Review, Sari Graben
Living In Perfect Harmony: Harmonizing Sub-Artic Co-Management Through Judicial Review, Sari Graben
Osgoode Hall Law Journal
To foster the participation of Aboriginal peoples in resource governance, the Government of Canada has recently restructured a number of administrative regimes, converting them into institutions of co-management. Despite this restructuring, the degree to which Aboriginal peoples’ participation can influence the regulatory output of co-management boards remains uncertain in law. This article deconstructs one interpretive method that can impact participation in co-management regimes: harmonization. Drawing on a trilogy of cases, I argue that recent judicial efforts to harmonize the Mackenzie Valley Resource Management Act with its predecessor, the Canadian Environmental Assessment Act, can limit the regional interpretive differences that Aboriginal …
Canada-United States Cooperative Approaches To Shared Marine Fishery Resources: Territorial Subversion?, Ted L. Mcdorman
Canada-United States Cooperative Approaches To Shared Marine Fishery Resources: Territorial Subversion?, Ted L. Mcdorman
Michigan Journal of International Law
This Essay will focus on how Canada and the United States have both succeeded and failed in adopting cooperative approaches to managing ocean fishery resources. A critical factor that has influenced these efforts is the introduction of an international legal construct dictating that States have exclusive sovereign rights respecting all marine living resources within 200 nautical miles of their shores. Cooperative approaches to managing transboundary marine living resources between Canada and the United States are necessary for two reasons. First, in the case of marine living resources, the resource pays scant attention to human-constructed national boundaries. Put another way, marine …
The Role Of Local Governments In Great Lakes Environmental Governance: A Canadian Perspective, Marcia Valiante
The Role Of Local Governments In Great Lakes Environmental Governance: A Canadian Perspective, Marcia Valiante
University of Michigan Journal of Law Reform
Restoration of environmental integrity in the Great Lakes Basin has been only a qualified success after thirty-five years of efforts pursuant to policies developed by federal, state, and provincial governments. Many unresolved problems stem from activities under local government control, yet in the past local governments were excluded from Great Lakes policy-making. By looking at recent changes in the powers, interests, experience, and influence of local governments in Ontario, this Essay concludes that local governments now have the ability to participate meaningfully in Great Lakes policy formation and implementation. To include local governments would improve the chances of successful restoration …
The Great Lakes As An Environmental Heritage Of Humankind: An International Law Perspective, A. Dan Tarlock
The Great Lakes As An Environmental Heritage Of Humankind: An International Law Perspective, A. Dan Tarlock
University of Michigan Journal of Law Reform
Since 1985, the eight Great Lakes states and the Canadian provinces of Ontario and Quebec have cooperated to prevent almost all diversions of water from the Great Lakes basin. In 2005, the eight states signed an Agreement to create a tiered system of reviews for diversions and a draft interstate Compact, which creates a binding process to regulate diversions. This cooperation is primarily a state initiative, supported by the federal governments in both countries, which has paid little attention to the international character of the lakes. This Essay argues that there are three major benefits to the region from the …
Recollections Of The 1952 International North Pacific Fisheries Convention: The Decline Of The Principle Of Abstention, Shigeru Oda
San Diego International Law Journal
Having recently completed twenty-seven years on the bench of the International Court of Justice in The Hague, I have just returned to Sendai, Japan, my home town. Please permit me therefore to offer some personal recollections of the time fifty years ago when, as a graduate law student from occupied Japan traveling on a passport issued by General MacArthur, Supreme Commander of the Allied Powers in Japan, I began preparation of my doctoral dissertation at Yale Law School.
The 1953 International North Pacific Fisheries Convention: Half-Century Anniversary Of A New Department In Ocean Law, Harry N. Scheiber
The 1953 International North Pacific Fisheries Convention: Half-Century Anniversary Of A New Department In Ocean Law, Harry N. Scheiber
San Diego International Law Journal
In the broadest historical perspective, the Convention laid the groundwork for the modern-day norm of multi-lateralist style and structure for sustainable management of ocean resources. It is fitting, then, that a conference bringing together experts on ocean law and policy from many countries would have gathered in 2003 at the University of California, Berkeley to consider the current-day initiatives in multilateralism and, at the same time, to recall their origins and precursors starting with the International North Pacific Fisheries Convention.
Towards A Solution To The Problem Of The Common Anadromous Stocks Of The North Pacific, Christian C. Polychron
Towards A Solution To The Problem Of The Common Anadromous Stocks Of The North Pacific, Christian C. Polychron
San Diego International Law Journal
The problem of the common anadromous stocks of the North Pacific is currently addressed through a legal regime operating within the framework established by the UNCLOS. This legal regime operates on two distinct fronts, but the externalities and incentives that define a problem of the commons continue to exist on both fronts. On the high seas, inadequate enforcement enables vessels and nations to violate the ban against high seas salmon harvests and to externalize the costs of doing so. Within EEZs, ineffectual bi-national treaties enable nations to which salmon stocks migrate to over exploit salmon stocks that originate in other …
Australian And Canadian Perspectives On Offshore Management, Donald R. Rothwell, David Vanderzwaag
Australian And Canadian Perspectives On Offshore Management, Donald R. Rothwell, David Vanderzwaag
Dalhousie Law Journal
Challenges in ocean and coastal management are facing all coastal states of the world. including Australia and Canada. Overharvesting of fish stocks, increasing pressure from land-based sources of pollution, expanding offshore petroleum developments, and rising risks of ship-sourced pollution in fragile marine ecosystems have caused both countries to begin a process of reassessment and rethinking. In January 1997 Canada adopted a new Oceans Act, which called for the development of a National Oceans Management Strategy based on principles of sustainable development, precaution and integration, and a new national marine protected areas network. In December 1998, Australia released a National Oceans …
Fisheries And Oceans Governance In Australia And Canada: From Sectoral Management To Integration?, Marcus Haward, Rod Dobell, Anthony Charles, Elizabeth Foster
Fisheries And Oceans Governance In Australia And Canada: From Sectoral Management To Integration?, Marcus Haward, Rod Dobell, Anthony Charles, Elizabeth Foster
Dalhousie Law Journal
Australia and Canada have significant oceans domains, and concomitant responsibility for large maritime zones. Fisheries in both countries are important activities with capture fishing, aquaculture and associated processing being vital rural industries Australia and Canada both face major challenges affecting fisheries management. These challenges include managing multiple and at times conflicting uses and claims on ocean and marine resources, while also recognizing the complexity and profound uncertainty associated with those resources. In that context, and having regard to the different histories of Australia and Canada, this paper outlines the different strategies and emphases adopted recently by the two countries. These …
Canadian East Coast Offshore Oil And Gas Industry: Sustainable Development Through Cooperative Federalism, Keith R. Evans
Canadian East Coast Offshore Oil And Gas Industry: Sustainable Development Through Cooperative Federalism, Keith R. Evans
Dalhousie Law Journal
For many years, development of the oil and gas potential off the east coast of Canada was delayed while the jurisdictional issues in respect of the area were resolved. While the provinces lost the major court battles on jurisdiction, political pressures combined with practical aspects of provincial involvement in the land bases for operations in the offshore area have resulted in pragmatic cooperation between the two levels of government and the establishment of joint administrative Boards to oversee exploration and development in the area. This paper explores the background to and the mechanics used for this pragmatic constitutional resolution and, …
Australia And Canada In Regional Fisheries Organizations: Implementing The United Nations Fish Stocks Agreement, Rosemary Rayfuse, Marcus Haward, Gregory Rose, Sali Bache
Australia And Canada In Regional Fisheries Organizations: Implementing The United Nations Fish Stocks Agreement, Rosemary Rayfuse, Marcus Haward, Gregory Rose, Sali Bache
Dalhousie Law Journal
In the late 1980s and early 1990s a number of factors and events coalesced to encourage the international community to re-examine high seas fisheries issues. The need to enhance the effectiveness of regional fisheries organizations led to the development of the 1995 United Nations Fish Stocks Agreement, dealing with straddling and highly migratory stocks. Both Canada and Australia played a significant role in the development of this agreement While having much in common, each state had different interests and concerns Canada's attention was focused on the problem of straddling stocks, while Australia 's interests have been primarily, though not exclusively, …
Aboriginal Forestry: Community Management As Opportunity And Imperative, Deborah Curran, Michael M'Gonigle
Aboriginal Forestry: Community Management As Opportunity And Imperative, Deborah Curran, Michael M'Gonigle
Osgoode Hall Law Journal
In recognition that forests are one of their greatest resources, Aboriginal peoples are considering how altered tenure arrangements might uphold traditional values, including ecological integrity, while providing economic and employment opportunities. However, the federal and provincial forest management structures have historically precluded First Nations from helping to define, and participate in, the forest industry. The authors explore the legal and regulatory basis of forest management in Canada, and assess how it facilitates or impedes Aboriginal management of traditional areas. This is done through a legislative and policy analysis, and through the use of case studies from across Canada. The authors …
The Community-Based Management Of Fisheries In Atlantic Canada: A Legislative Proposal, Raymond Maccallum
The Community-Based Management Of Fisheries In Atlantic Canada: A Legislative Proposal, Raymond Maccallum
Dalhousie Law Journal
The crises in Canada's fisheries demonstrate the failure of Canadian fisheries management practices to achieve their public policy objectives. The author proposes that a new fisheries management regime, based on principles of community-based management, should be implemented to better ensure the sustainability of both the fisheries and fishing communities. A draft bill is provided to establish a specific framework around which to discuss those values and interests that should be promoted and protected by legislation, and how legislation can be used to establish and nurture a new community-based management regime.
Preface, Dawn A. Russell, Moira L. Mcconnell
Preface, Dawn A. Russell, Moira L. Mcconnell
Dalhousie Law Journal
As guest editors we are privileged to have the opportunity to create this special edition of the Dalhousie Law Journal. It is special for a number of reasons. First, the contributions reflect a specific decision on our part to explore the nature and meaning of events being experienced in Atlantic Canada's fishery from a variety of perspectives, of which law, traditionally privileged in law journals for its explanation of events, is perhaps the least important. Secondly the authors, many of whom are people who would not ordinarily write for legal publications, were given express carte blanche to contribute "think pieces" …
The Collapse Of The Northern Cod Fishery: A Historical Perspective, Graham D. Taylor
The Collapse Of The Northern Cod Fishery: A Historical Perspective, Graham D. Taylor
Dalhousie Law Journal
Although the collapse of Atlantic Canada's northern cod fishery may have been unexpected in terms of its rapidity, it is not an isolated or inexplicable event. This paper reviews the major factors affecting the cod fishery crisis (and other natural resource disasters of the 20th century) including: (1) the rapid development of technologies of resource exploitation; (2) the inadequacy of international measures to conserve and regulate the fishery; (3) limitations on scientific capabilities to manage the fishery; and (4) a cultural climate that emphasized economic growth above other values. The paper assesses the prospects for recovery of the fishery in …
To Manage Quotas Or Manage Fisheries? The Root Cause Of Mismanagement Of Canada's Groundfish Fishery, Peter Underwood
To Manage Quotas Or Manage Fisheries? The Root Cause Of Mismanagement Of Canada's Groundfish Fishery, Peter Underwood
Dalhousie Law Journal
The collapse of the Atlantic groundfish fishery is the result of a complex combination of factors including scientific uncertainties, overfishing, poor results in capacity control, and ecological conditions. It is argued that the root cause of the collapse is that the foundation of groundfish management since 1977 has been single species quotas rather than a sound set of principles for fisheries resource husbandry. The implications of this for science, management, and the fish are discussed and a principle based management structure is proposed.
Constructing' Fisheries Management: A Values Perspective, David Ralph Matthews
Constructing' Fisheries Management: A Values Perspective, David Ralph Matthews
Dalhousie Law Journal
This paper applies a "social constructionist" position to an understanding of the nature of fisheries management policy. It argues that both the way in which we view "nature" and the way in which we view such natural resources of the fishery are "socially constructed" in terms of particular value orientations and the interests that these represent. In particular, it examines the value orientations related to the social construction of the fishery as a biological, social, or economic resource, as well as the social constructions involved in regarding the fishery as either common property or a common heritage. It also argues …
Behind The Cod Curtain: A Perspective On The Political Economy Of The Atlantic Groundfish Fishery, D Leslie Burke, Leo Brander
Behind The Cod Curtain: A Perspective On The Political Economy Of The Atlantic Groundfish Fishery, D Leslie Burke, Leo Brander
Dalhousie Law Journal
This article addresses the collapse of Atlantic groundfish stocks in terms of its significant social and economic impact. How had so many people become dependent on this modest resource? What circumstances contributed to creating a hidden underemployed class in the fishing industry? The analysis adds to the thesis that public support of unproductive industry and income support systems underlie the current crisis, creating barriers to a viable future for the Atlantic Fishery. The authors draw on comparisons with the economy of the former Soviet Union where central planning of an economy based on state owned common property failed to harness …
Lost Moorings: Offshore Fishing Families Coping With The Fisheries Crisis, Marian Binkley
Lost Moorings: Offshore Fishing Families Coping With The Fisheries Crisis, Marian Binkley
Dalhousie Law Journal
The fisheries crisis has severely affected the families of offshore fishermen. In Nova Scotia, offshore fishermen normally spent ten to fourteen days continuously at sea and as little as forty-eight hours on shore between voyages. The fishermen and their families adopted strategies to cope with that work schedule. This paper focuses on how these previously beneficial adaptations conflict with the new situation these families now face when many men have been laid off or had their work reduced.
The Search For Resolution Of The Canada-France Ocean Dispute Adjacent To St. Pierre And Miquelon, Ted L. Mcdorman
The Search For Resolution Of The Canada-France Ocean Dispute Adjacent To St. Pierre And Miquelon, Ted L. Mcdorman
Dalhousie Law Journal
They were not to become an "object of jealously" according to the British and French in 1783. True to this admonition, the French islands of St. Pierre and Miquelon have remained as the uncontested footnotes to France's colonial presence in North America. However, the ocean area and resources adjacent to the French islands became the object of intense jealously, being the centre of a thorny, 25 year international dispute between Canada and France.
The Federal Dimension Of Canadian Economic Nationalism, Donald V. Smiley
The Federal Dimension Of Canadian Economic Nationalism, Donald V. Smiley
Dalhousie Law Journal
Economic nationalism is the subordination of economic structures and processes to political considerations. More specifically, economic nationalism includes: (i) actions by governments, whether of sovereign states or otherwise, to preserve and/or enhance their powers in respect to the production, distribution and exchange of goods and services against the influence of other governments and of non-national individuals and business groups. (ii) actions by governments to effect or sustain material distributions favouring national as against non-national individuals or groups. (iii) actions by governments to effect or sustain particular distributions of material benefits and burdens among their own nationals as these distributions are …