Law Commons^™

Fair Housing Modifications And Accommodations In The '90s, 29 J. Marshall L. Rev. 331 (1996), F. Caruso

F. Willis Caruso

No abstract provided.

Statutory Interpretation As A Parasitic Endeavor, Stephen Ross

Stephen F Ross

The principal theme of this essay is that statutory interpretation is a project that requires advocates and judges to utilize the insights of three discrete disciplines apart from law: communications and linguistics to understand the way that legislative drafters use words to communicate to others, either in text or in extratextual legislative material; political science to describe the way that legislators behave in enacting statutes; and political theory to provide a normative guide for courts interpreting statutes in a constitutional democracy.

The Limited Relevance Of Plain Meaning, Stephen Ross

Stephen F Ross

In this essay, the author takes the position that linguists' principal expertise - ascertaining how language is used by ordinary speakers of English - is often of little value in interpreting controversial non-criminal federal statutes. Although linguistic techniques might still aid in understanding their meaning, the author's thesis is that extrinsic evidence that is known and accessible to this small sub-community - such as legislative history, established norms of construction, and other evidence about the context in which the legislation arose - is more likely than linguistic analysis to help an outside judge shed light on what Congress meant and …

Where Have You Gone, Karl Llewellyn - Should Congress Turn Its Lonely Eyes To You, Stephen Ross

Stephen F Ross

The purpose of this paper is to explore what, if anything, Congress should do about the canons of statutory construction to prevent judges who are more conservative (or perhaps, in a future era, more progressive) than the majority of the legislature from employing those canons to distort or frustrate legislative policy preferences.

Statutory Interpretation Stories, William Eskridge, Philip Frickey, Elizabeth Garrett, Stephen Ross

Stephen F Ross

Stephen Ross contributed the chapter "The Story of Flood v. Kuhn: Dynamic Statutory Interpretation, At the Time. This title tackles the leading cases in the emerging statutory interpretation canon, as reflected in the casebooks. For each case, the leading scholar provides historical background (including details about the participants), a procedural history of the case, and an analysis of doctrinal and other lessons from the case. - From the Publisher

Reaganist Realism Comes To Detriot, Stephen Ross

Stephen F Ross

Part I of this article discusses Detroit Newspapers and explains how in deferring to the Attorney General's interpretation of the Newspaper Preservation Act, Judge Silberman disregarded every applicable technique of statutory interpretation typically used to resolve the issue. Indeed, each of these techniques suggests that Attorney General Meese's interpretation of the Act was incorrect. This part of the article also demonstrates why deference to Meese was particularly inappropriate in light of the generally accepted justifications for judicial deference to administrative interpretations of statutes.

Part II explains that Detroit Newspapers is one of several opinions by conservative Reagan judicial appointees that …

Age Discrimination And The Prima Facie Case: Supreme Court's Age Discrmination Decision Fails To Resolve Key Questions Arising Under The Adea, Steven Kaminshine

Steven J. Kaminshine

No abstract provided.

Model No More: Querulent Behaviour, Vexatious Litigants And The Vexatious Proceedings Act 2005 (Qld), Narelle Bedford, Monica Taylor

Narelle Bedford

This article examines the history and development of vexatious proceedings legislation in Queensland. It undertakes a case study of declared vexatious litigants and analyses the effectiveness of a legislative response. In light of recent national and international reforms, this article argues that the current legislative approach to dealing with vexatious proceedings in Queensland is no longer model and requires reformulation. It asserts that a system of graduated litigation limitation orders would provide for a more nuanced response to the issue of vexatious and querulous behaviour. The article concludes by emphasising the value of a multidimensional approach which includes practical, early …

The Morality Of Prophylactic Legislation (With Special Reference To Speed Limits, Assisted Suicide, Torture, And Detention Without Trial), Michael Dorf

Michael C. Dorf

My subject is the morality of prophylactic legislation. What do I mean by ‘prophylactic’ legislation? Let me illustrate the concept by drawing a contrast with the most famous hypothetical case in the scholarly literature of Anglo-American jurisprudence. During the course of their debate over the relation between law and morality, Lon Fuller and H. L. A. Hart disagreed about what tools are needed to discern the meaning and scope of a rule barring vehicles from a public park. Hart and Fuller clashed over whether legislative purpose and considerations of morality enter into the process of discerning what Hart famously called …

On Patenting Human Organisms Or How The Abortion Wars Feed Into The Ownership Fallacy, Yaniv Heled

Yaniv Heled

The idea of ominous technologies that put human individuals or parts of their bodies under someone else's control has been stirring emotions and terrifying people for centuries. It was a recent offshoot of this idea--the notion of “patenting humans”--that mobilized certain members of Congress to pass legislation prohibiting the issuance of patent claims “directed to or encompassing a human organism.” The values underlying this legislation may well have been agreeable, even admirable. Yet, the actual motivation for it was misguided; its execution, deeply flawed; its potential outcomes, hazardous

This Article reviews the history and background of this prohibition. It fleshes …

Beyond "Perfection": Can The Insights Of Perfecting Criminal Markets Be Put To Practical Use?, Caren Morrison

Caren Myers Morrison

David Jaros’s thought-provoking new Article, Perfecting Criminal Markets, sheds light on a heretofore unappreciated effect of our obsession with criminalization: that merely by creating new crimes, lawmakers may inadvertently strengthen existing criminal markets. To support his argument, Jaros adopts the tenets of neoclassical deterrence theory, which assume that criminalizing an activity will deter its occurrence. But the model Jaros employs has its limits. The weakness of a rational choice account of criminal markets is that it relies so heavily on the assumption that prospective criminals will be aware of, and swayed by, criminal laws that might in fact be quite …

New Rights For The Disabled: The Americans With Disabilities Act Of 1990, Steven Kaminshine

Steven J. Kaminshine

No abstract provided.

Court's Age Discrimination Decision Fails To Resolve Key Questions Arising Under The Adea, Steven Kaminshine

Steven J. Kaminshine

No abstract provided.

Upgrades To Ada Product Of Bipartisan Cooperation, Wendy Hensel

Wendy F. Hensel

No abstract provided.

Hugo Black's Congressional Investigation Of Lobbying And The Public Utility Holding Company Act: A Historical View Of The Power Trust, New Deal Politics, And Regulatory Propaganda, William Gregory, Rennard Strickland

William A. Gregory

No abstract provided.

Legislation To Preserve And Control Open Space Land, William Gregory, Diane Vanwyck

William A. Gregory

No abstract provided.

Discrimination In Customer Segmentation Marketing Practices, Jude A. Thomas

Jude A Thomas

Customer segmentation is a powerful analytical marketing practice that is employed by a wide range of businesses to segregate customers with similar characteristics into subgroups in order to inform operational business processes. Such practices allow firms to better allocate their resources in order to form more profitable customer relationships, but they also have the capacity to lead to unfair discriminatory impact upon customer groups. Current legislation is largely unprotective of customers so positioned, but recent trends in the insurance and lending industries suggest that a broader application of anti-discrimination laws could foretell a future of greater restrictions on the implementation …

California Egg Toss - The High Costs Of Avoiding Unenforceable Surrogacy Contracts, Jennifer Jackson

Jennifer Jackson

In an emotionally charged decision regarding surrogacy contracts, it is important to recognize the ramifications, costs, and policy. There are advantages to both “gestational carrier surrogacy” contracts and “traditional surrogacy” contracts. However, this paper focuses on the differences between these contracts using case law. Specifically, this paper will focus on the implications of California case law regarding surrogacy contracts. Cases such as Johnson v. Calvert and In Re Marriage of Moschetta provide a clear distinction between these contracts. This distinction will show that while gestational carrier surrogacy contracts are more expensive, public policy and court opinions will provide certainty and …

The Cra Implications Of Predatory Lending, Kathleen Engel, Patricia Mccoy

Patricia A. McCoy

This article considers the Community Reinvestment Act's role in combating predatory lending. It provides an overview of the CRA, explains how CRA-covered lenders may enable predatory lending and explores the relationship between the CRA, federal subsidies and predatory lending. The article concludes that the CRA should be used to penalize lenders that engage in predatory lending and recommends that federal bank regulators use CRA to sanction behavior that could encourage further predatory lending.

Inclusionary Eminent Domain, Gerald S. Dickinson

Gerald S. Dickinson

This article proposes a paradigm shift in takings law, namely “inclusionary eminent domain.” This new normative concept – paradoxical in nature – rethinks eminent domain as an inclusionary land assembly framework that is equipped with multiple tools to help guide municipalities, private developers and communities construct or preserve affordable housing developments. Analogous to inclusionary zoning, inclusionary eminent domain helps us think about how to fix the “exclusionary eminent domain” phenomenon of displacing low-income families by assembling and negotiating the use of land – prior to, during or after condemnation proceedings – to accommodate affordable housing where condemnation threatens to decrease …

Faculty Colloquia, Spring 2010 Series, Royce Barondes, Kimberle Crenshaw, Chris Elmendorf, Michael Kang, Oliver Moreteau, Deborah Pearlstein, Richard Peltz, Nirej Sekhon, Stephanie Stern, Lee-Ford Tritt, Michael Zimmer

Lee-ford Tritt

Spring 2010 Presenters January 25: Royce Barondes (University of Missouri School of Law), ABA Ratings of Federal District Court Judges and the Likelihood of a Shepard’s Warning Signal February 1: Stephanie Stern (Loyola University Chicago School of Law), The Inviolable Home: From Iconic Property to Relational Privacy in the Fourth Amendment February 8: Michael Kang (Emory University School of Law), Sore Loser Laws February 15: Oliver Moreteau (LSU Paul M. Hebert Law Center), The Future of Civil Codes in Europe February 22: Deborah Pearlstein (Princeton University Woodrow Wilson School for Public and International Affairs), After Deference: Formal Approaches to Interpretation …

Restoring The Right To Organize In The Private Sector, James Newell

James Newell

No abstract provided.

Arizona's Slayer Statute: The Killer Of Testator Intent, Adam D. Hansen

Adam D Hansen

In 2012, the Arizona legislature amended its slayer statute to close loopholes that had emerged during years of slayer case litigation. However, in so doing, the Arizona legislature neglected to consider the adverse impact the amendment would have on the trending social consideration of euthanasia. This Article sheds light on the unintended legal consequences of Arizona’s current slayer statute, considering the trending social issue of euthanasia. Part Two briefly presents terms, highlights two legal theories that were used in early American jurisprudence, and gives a short history of the codification of modern slayer statutes. Part Three gives an overview of …

Janus Capital Group, Inc. V. First Derivative Traders: The Culmination Of The Supreme Court’S Evolution From Liberal To Reactionary In Rule 10b-5 Actions, Charles W. Murdock

Charles W. Murdock

“Political” decisions such as Citizens United and National Federation of Independent Business (“Obamacare”) reflect the reactionary bent of several Supreme Court justices. But this reactionary trend is discernible in other areas as well. With regard to Rule 10b-5, the Court has handed down a series of decisions that could be grouped into four trilogies. The article examines the trend over the past 40 years which has become increasingly conservative and finally reactionary.

The first trilogy was a liberal one, arguably overextending the scope of Rule 10b-5. This was followed by a conservative trilogy which put a brake on such extension, …

The Implausibility Of Secrecy, Mark Fenster

Mark Fenster

Government secrecy frequently fails. Despite the executive branch’s obsessive hoarding of certain kinds of documents and its constitutional authority to do so, recent high-profile events—among them the WikiLeaks episode, the Obama administration’s celebrated leak prosecutions, and the widespread disclosure by high-level officials of flattering confidential information to sympathetic reporters—undercut the image of a state that can classify and control its information. The effort to control government information requires human, bureaucratic, technological, and textual mechanisms that regularly founder or collapse in an administrative state, sometimes immediately and sometimes after an interval. Leaks, mistakes, open sources—each of these constitutes a path out …

Janus Capital Group, Inc. V. First Derivative Traders: The Culmination Of The Supreme Court’S Evolution From Liberal To Reactionary In Rule 10b-5 Actions, Charles W. Murdock

Charles W. Murdock

“Political” decisions such as Citizens United and National Federation of Independent Business (“Obamacare”) reflect the reactionary bent of several Supreme Court justices. But this reactionary trend is discernible in other areas as well. With regard to Rule 10b-5, the Court has handed down a series of decisions that could be grouped into four trilogies. The article examines the trend over the past 40 years which has become increasingly conservative and finally reactionary.

The first trilogy was a liberal one, arguably overextending the scope of Rule 10b-5. This was followed by a conservative trilogy which put a brake on such extension, …

A New Progressive Agenda For Public Health And The Environment, Christopher Schroeder, Rena Steinzor

Rena I. Steinzor

Over the last quarter century, much of the focus of federal regulatory policy in the areas of health, safety, and the environment has been gradually redirected away from protecting Americans against various harms and toward protecting corporate interests from the plain meaning of protective statutes. This book delivers precisely what its title promises, a re-imagining of federal policy in these areas, with particular focus on the regulatory process. It identifies the failings of the current approach to regulation and proposes innovative, straightforward, and practical solutions for the 21st Century. The book is a collaboration among the Member Scholars of the …

The Inefficiencies Of Legislative Centralization: Evidence From Chinese Provincial Tax Rate Setting, Wei Cui

Wei Cui

Legislative power in China is centralized to an unusual degree, both in comparison to other countries and relative to the country’s high degree of administrative decentralization. Given its a priori inefficiencies, this arrangement should be significant from both positive and normative perspectives, but, surprisingly, has received little attention in legal and social scientific scholarship. We devise a novel method for analyzing the inefficiencies of centralization through studying provincial government behavior, examining provincial rate setting for the vehicle and vessel tax (VVT) in 2007 and 2011. Because all provinces have assigned VVT revenue and VVT administration to sub-provincial governments, provincial rate-setting …

Introduction To Special Issue: Determining Legislative Intent In State Courts, Selected Methods And Sources, Linda Kawaguchi

Linda Kawaguchi

Judges and legislators alike have expressed a desire for more certainty on how and when legislative history should be used, both in the interpretation of statutes and to ascertain intent. This is an evolving area of the law, and states appear to be taking the lead in experimenting with methods to provide clarity to what has traditionally been a murky issue. These changes will have an impact on researchers in the future. The articles included in this issue were selected to demonstrate a range of approaches in the areas of legislative process, the history of courts and legislatures addressing the …

Against Constitutional Mainstreaming, Bertrall L. Ross

Bertrall L Ross

Courts interpret statutes in hard cases. Statutes are frequently ambiguous, and an enacting legislature cannot foresee all future applications of a statute. The Supreme Court in these cases often chooses statutory interpretations that privilege the values that it has emphasized in its recent constitutional jurisprudence. In doing so, the Court rejects alternative interpretations that are more consistent with the values embodied in more recently enacted statutes. This is constitutional mainstreaming—an interpretive practice that molds statutes toward the Court’s own preferred values and away from values favored by legislative majorities.

In addition to providing a novel descriptive framework for what the …