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Articles 1 - 22 of 22
Full-Text Articles in Law
Power Shift, The South China Sea Dispute, And The Role Of International Law, Youngmin Seo
Power Shift, The South China Sea Dispute, And The Role Of International Law, Youngmin Seo
Michigan Journal of International Law
The arena of the law of the sea has become a battlefield for Sino-American legal warfare, commonly referred to as “lawfare,” and it is in the tumultuous waters of the South China Sea where this fierce contest of great powers rages. The divergent perspectives on international law, particularly regarding maritime law, between China and the United States stem from the countries’ distinct historical experiences, memories, and outlooks. This inherent disparity in epistemology shapes their comprehension of the fundamental tenets of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (“UNCLOS”), specifically the conflicting notions of mare clausum and mare …
Anatomy Of China’S Maritime Strategy: Threatening The Maritime Order Through Its National Legislation And Self-Centered Interpretation Of Unclos, Shigeki Sakamoto
Anatomy Of China’S Maritime Strategy: Threatening The Maritime Order Through Its National Legislation And Self-Centered Interpretation Of Unclos, Shigeki Sakamoto
International Law Studies
While the 1982 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) establishes an objective framework for the coordinated handling of the use of the sea by States in the exercise of their legislative, judicial, and executive powers, China’s legislative bodies, in enacting domestic laws for the fulfillment of treaty obligations, distort obligations in its domestic laws to secure their own national interests. For example, Article 6.2 of China’s Territorial Sea Law violates articles of UNCLOS by denying the right of innocent passage. In addition, China is extending its jurisdiction over security to the contiguous zone with Article 13 …
Does The Revised U.S. South China Sea Policy Go Far Enough?, Raul (Pete) Pedrozo
Does The Revised U.S. South China Sea Policy Go Far Enough?, Raul (Pete) Pedrozo
International Law Studies
The United States issued a statement on July 13, 2020, outlining the U.S. Position on Maritime Claims in the South China Sea. The statement supplements existing U.S. policy for the South China Sea, making clear that the People’s Republic of China’s claims to offshore resources across most of the South China Sea are unlawful. Still, the revised U.S. policy does not go far enough to contest China's faulty claims in the South China Sea. This article proposes specific issues that the revised U.S. policy should address.
Is A South China Sea Code Of Conduct Viable?, Raul (Pete) Pedrozo
Is A South China Sea Code Of Conduct Viable?, Raul (Pete) Pedrozo
International Law Studies
For over twenty years, the People’s Republic of China (PRC) has stonewalled efforts by the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) to negotiate a binding Code of Conduct that would form the basis for a peaceful and durable solution to the territorial and maritime disputes in the South China Sea (SCS). At the same time, the PRC engaged in a series of malign activities, to include the militarization of several reclaimed artificial islands, that have forever changed the landscape and status quo of the SCS. In 2020, the PRC unexpectedly called on ASEAN to resume the negotiations as soon as …
Competing Claims: The Developing Role Of International Law And Unilateral Challenges To Maritime Claims In The South China Sea, Kevin Leddy
Vanderbilt Journal of Transnational Law
Chinese military and economic expansion have led to a commensurate decrease in the ability of neighboring countries to object to excessive maritime claims in the South China Sea. The existing framework of international law under the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea provides an anchoring point for coastal states' legal claims to the region, but it does not adequately address the complicated diplomacy challenges created by unilateral military action and unique geographical issues, such as artificial islands. Gradual acquiescence to maritime claims that do not comply with international law results from these conditions. Once these boundaries are …
An Incident In The South China Sea, Rob Mclaughlin
An Incident In The South China Sea, Rob Mclaughlin
International Law Studies
This article assesses characterization issues under the law of the sea, through the medium of an International Law Studies “maritime situation.” The article begins with a hypothetical scenario concerning an incident between a NATO warship and PRC vessels near Subi Reef and Thitu Island in the South China Sea. The analysis then turns to how we might assess characterization issues under the law of the sea as they apply to this incident. The lenses of analysis employed are: (1) Where, in law of the sea terms, did the incident happen? (2) Who, employing a law of the sea characterization scheme, …
China’S Maritime Law Enforcement Activities In The South China Sea, Diane Desierto
China’S Maritime Law Enforcement Activities In The South China Sea, Diane Desierto
International Law Studies
This article evaluates China’s public justifications for its unilateral maritime law enforcement activities in the South China Sea, including recent incidents affecting Indonesia, Vietnam, the Philippines, and Malaysia, against the binding international legal requirements of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS), the 2002 Declaration on the Conduct of Parties to the South China Sea, and the 2016 Permanent Court of Arbitration UNCLOS Annex VII arbitral award In the Matter of the South China Sea Arbitration. China’s unilateral maritime law enforcement activities in the South China Sea do not comply with UNCLOS and applicable international …
The Footprint Of The Chinese Petro-Dragon: The Future Of Investment Law In Transboundary Resources, Guillermo J. Garcia Sanchez
The Footprint Of The Chinese Petro-Dragon: The Future Of Investment Law In Transboundary Resources, Guillermo J. Garcia Sanchez
Faculty Scholarship
Chinese offshore investments in the oil and gas sector around the world are on the rise. Like dragons roaming the seas trying to dominate the tides, Chinese state-owned companies are particularly eager to bid for oil fields in maritime borderlines. The article tells the story of how Chinese state-owned companies are over paying for oil on the US-Mexico boundary to gather experience on how China’s global competitors handle resource development conflicts. My argument is that Chinese participation in transboundary field development fits within a long-term strategy to master international legal regimes. The presence of these petro-dragons in borderlines is an …
The Kimberley Process As A Framework For Regulating Conflict Oil And Gas Sourced From The South China Sea, Jamie Huffman
The Kimberley Process As A Framework For Regulating Conflict Oil And Gas Sourced From The South China Sea, Jamie Huffman
William & Mary Environmental Law and Policy Review
No abstract provided.
The South China Sea Arbitration Award, Bernard H. Oxman
The South China Sea Arbitration Award, Bernard H. Oxman
University of Miami International and Comparative Law Review
No abstract provided.
The United States, China, And Freedom Of Navigation In The South China Sea, James W. Houck, Nicole M. Anderson
The United States, China, And Freedom Of Navigation In The South China Sea, James W. Houck, Nicole M. Anderson
James Houck
The need for a uniform understanding of international norms regarding freedom of navigation is increasingly important as more States develop capacity to act in the international maritime realm. Nowhere is the issue of freedom of navigation more contentious, with more potential to spark wider conflict, than in the South China Sea (SCS). Both the United States and China profess an interest in the free navigation of commercial vessels in the region. Beyond commercial shipping, however, the two nations disagree on the important issue of freedom of navigation for military vessels. The United States believes all nations have wide latitude under …
An International Commission Of Inquiry For The South China Sea?, Ryan Mitchell
An International Commission Of Inquiry For The South China Sea?, Ryan Mitchell
Vanderbilt Journal of Transnational Law
The multilateral territorial dispute over the South China Sea has intensified in recent years. In response, some observers endorse the apparent turn to "lawfare" on display in the ongoing Philippines v. China arbitration, conducted under Annex VII of the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS). Yet the limited subject matter of this arbitration means that it can contribute only modestly to any ultimate resolution between claimants. Indeed, the Chinese side has argued against tribunal jurisdiction precisely on the basis of the primacy of questions over territorial sovereignty--which are barred from UNCLOS proceedings--to the determination of all other …
Contemporary Practice Of The United States Relating To International Law, Kristina Daugirdas, Julian Davis Mortenson
Contemporary Practice Of The United States Relating To International Law, Kristina Daugirdas, Julian Davis Mortenson
Articles
In this section: • United States and France Sign Agreement to Compensate Holocaust Victims • United States Conducts Naval Operation Within Twelve Nautical Miles of Spratly Islands in the South China Sea, Prompting Protests from China • United States Pursues Bilateral and Multilateral Initiatives in and Around the Arctic
Contemporary Practice Of The United States Relating To International Law, Kristina Daugirdas, Julian Davis Mortenson
Contemporary Practice Of The United States Relating To International Law, Kristina Daugirdas, Julian Davis Mortenson
Articles
In this section: • Iran and United States Continue to Implement Nuclear Deal, Although Disputes Persist • United States Continues to Challenge Chinese Claims in South China Sea; Law of the Sea Tribunal Issues Award Against China in Philippines-China Arbitration • U.S. Navy Report Concludes That Iran’s 2015 Capture of U.S. Sailors Violated International Law • United States Justifies Its Use of Force in Libya Under International and National Law • U.S. Drone Strike Kills Taliban Leader in Pakistan • U.S. Government Releases Casualty Report, Executive Order, and Presidential Policy Guidance Related to Its Counterterrorism Strike Practices • The Department …
International Law In The Obama Administration's Pivot To Asia: The China Seas Disputes, The Trans- Pacific Partnership, Rivalry With The Prc, And Status Quo Legal Norms In U.S. Foreign Policy, Jacques Delisle
All Faculty Scholarship
The Obama administration’s “pivot” or “rebalance” to Asia has shaped the Obama administration’s impact on international law. The pivot or rebalance has been primarily about regional security in East Asia (principally, the challenges of coping with a rising and more assertive China—particularly in the context of disputes over the South China Sea—and resulting concerns among regional states), and secondarily about U.S. economic relations with the region (including, as a centerpiece, the Trans-Pacific Partnership). In both areas, the Obama administration has made international law more significant as an element of U.S. foreign policy and has sought to present the U.S. as …
The Law Of Naval Warfare And China’S Maritime Militia, James Kraska, Michael Monti
The Law Of Naval Warfare And China’S Maritime Militia, James Kraska, Michael Monti
International Law Studies
China operates a vast network of fishing vessels that form a maritime militia equipped and trained to conduct intelligence, communications, and targeting support for the People's Liberation Army Navy. Fishing vessels normally are exempt from capture or attack in the law of naval warfare unless they are integrated into the naval forces, but distinguishing between legitimate fishing vessels and maritime militia during naval warfare is virtually impossible.
The Freedom Of Navigation Program: Assessing 35 Years Of Effort, Joshua L. Root
The Freedom Of Navigation Program: Assessing 35 Years Of Effort, Joshua L. Root
Joshua L. Root
The US challenges excessive maritime claims - claims that do not comport with UNCLOS or customary international law - of other countries by sailing war ships into areas of the ocean subject to such claims. The US has challenged claims in this manner under the Freedom of Navigation Program for 35 years. No comprehensive assessment has been conducted on whether the program "works." This article looks at four countries that have been the subject of FON operations and tracks any changes in their law over time to see if there is correlation between the FON program and any roll back …
Contemporary Practice Of The United States Relating To International Law, Kristina Daugirdas, Julian Davis Mortenson
Contemporary Practice Of The United States Relating To International Law, Kristina Daugirdas, Julian Davis Mortenson
Articles
• Another Mexican National Executed in Texas in Defiance of Avena Decision • Manhattan Arrest of Indian Consular Official Sparks Public Dispute Between the United States and India • United States Questions Claims Based on China’s “Nine-Dash Line” in the South China Sea • United States Takes Steps to Combat Illegal Trade in Wildlife • U.S. Compromises Facilitate Agreement on World Trade Organization’s Bali Package; Question Remains Whether Bali Package Requires Congressional Approval • Destruction of Syrian Chemical Arms Delayed • Iran Nuclear Agreement Is Implemented Notwithstanding Expressions of Distrust by Iran and the U.S. Congress
The United States, China, And Freedom Of Navigation In The South China Sea, James W. Houck, Nicole M. Anderson
The United States, China, And Freedom Of Navigation In The South China Sea, James W. Houck, Nicole M. Anderson
Journal Articles
The need for a uniform understanding of international norms regarding freedom of navigation is increasingly important as more States develop capacity to act in the international maritime realm. Nowhere is the issue of freedom of navigation more contentious, with more potential to spark wider conflict, than in the South China Sea (SCS). Both the United States and China profess an interest in the free navigation of commercial vessels in the region. Beyond commercial shipping, however, the two nations disagree on the important issue of freedom of navigation for military vessels. The United States believes all nations have wide latitude under …
Towards A Network Of Marine Protected Areas In The South China Sea: Legal And Political Perspectives, Hai Dang Vu
Towards A Network Of Marine Protected Areas In The South China Sea: Legal And Political Perspectives, Hai Dang Vu
PhD Dissertations
The once pristine and rich marine environment of the South China Sea is degrading at an alarming rate due to the rapid socioeconomic development of the region. Despite this, and because mainly of complicated sovereignty and maritime boundary disputes, coastal States have not been able to develop effective regional cooperation to safeguard the shared marine environment. This dissertation, “Towards a Network of Marine Protected Areas in the South China Sea: Legal and Political Perspectives”, researches legal and political measures to support the development of a network of marine protected areas in the South China Sea. Such a network, if properly …
The People's Republic Of China And The Law Of The Sea: Caracas 1974 And Geneva 1975, Herman Zivetz
The People's Republic Of China And The Law Of The Sea: Caracas 1974 And Geneva 1975, Herman Zivetz
International Law Studies
No abstract provided.
Oil And Gas In The Oceans, Herman T. Franssen
Oil And Gas In The Oceans, Herman T. Franssen
International Law Studies
No abstract provided.