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Articles 1 - 22 of 22
Full-Text Articles in Law
A Theory Of Racialized Judicial Decision-Making, Raquel Muñiz
A Theory Of Racialized Judicial Decision-Making, Raquel Muñiz
Michigan Journal of Race and Law
In this Article, I introduce a theory of racialized judicial decision-making as a framework to explain how judicial decision-making as a system contributes to creating and maintaining the racial hierarchy in the United States. Judicial decision-making, I argue, is itself a racialized systemic process in which judges transpose racially-bounded cognitive schemas as they make decisions. In the process, they assign legal burdens differentially across ethnoracial groups, to the disproportionate detriment of ethnoracial minorities. After presenting this argument, I turn to three mechanisms at play in racialized judicial decision-making: (1) whiteness as capital that increases epistemic advantages in the judicial process, …
Right To Informed Consent, Right To A Doula: An Evidence-Based Solution To The Black Maternal Mortality Crisis In The United States, Cecilia Landor
Right To Informed Consent, Right To A Doula: An Evidence-Based Solution To The Black Maternal Mortality Crisis In The United States, Cecilia Landor
Michigan Journal of Gender & Law
This Note seeks to build on existing research about how to improve childbirth in the United States for women, particularly for Black women, given the United States’ extremely high maternal mortality rate. Through examining the history and characteristics of American and Western childbirth, it seeks to explore how the current birth framework contributes to maternal mortality. To fight this ongoing harm, I suggest increasing access to doulas— nonmedical support workers who provide “continuous support” to the birthing person.
Through this Note I seek to build on the research of others by identifying the ways medicalized birth practices fail women, particularly …
Constructing Race And Gender In Modern Rape Law: The Abandoned Category Of Black Female Victims, Jacqueline Pittman
Constructing Race And Gender In Modern Rape Law: The Abandoned Category Of Black Female Victims, Jacqueline Pittman
Michigan Journal of Gender & Law
Despite the successes of the 1960s Anti-Rape Movement, modern state rape statutes continue to prioritize white male perspectives and perceptions of race, ultimately ignoring the intersectional identity of Black women and leaving these victims without legal protection. This Note examines rape law’s history of allocating agency along gendered and racialized lines through statutory construction and other discursive techniques. Such legal constructions both uphold and cultivate the white victim/Black assailant rape dyad primarily by making the Black male the “ultimate” and most feared assailant. Rape law’s adherence to a white baseline sustains stereotypes of Black men as criminals and predators, which …
Title Vii’S Failures: A History Of Overlooked Indifference, Elena S. Meth
Title Vii’S Failures: A History Of Overlooked Indifference, Elena S. Meth
Michigan Law Review
Nearly sixty years after the adoption of Title VII and over thirty since intersectionality theory was brought into legal discourse by Professor Kimberlé Crenshaw, the U.S. Supreme Court has consistently failed to meaningfully implement intersectionality into its decisionmaking. While there is certainly no shortage of scholarship on intersectionality and the Court’s failure to recognize it, this remains an overlooked failure by the Supreme Court. This Note proceeds in three parts. Part I provides an overview of Title VII and intersectional discrimination theory. I then explain how the EEOC and the Supreme Court have historically handled intersectional discrimination cases. Part II …
An Intelligent Path For Improving Diversity At Law Firms (Un)Artificially, Rimsha Syeda
An Intelligent Path For Improving Diversity At Law Firms (Un)Artificially, Rimsha Syeda
Michigan Technology Law Review
Most law firms are struggling when it comes to diversity and inclusion. There are fewer women in law firms compared to men. The majority of lawyers—81%—are White, despite White people making up only about 65% of the law school population. Lawyers of color remain underrepresented with the historic high being only 28.32%. By comparison, 13.4% of the United States population is Black and 5.9% is Asian. The biases that perpetuate this lack of diversity in law firms begin during the hiring process and extend to associate retainment. For example, an applicant’s resume reveals a lot, including the prestige of the …
Racism Pays: How Racial Exploitation Gets Innovation Off The Ground, Daria Roithmayr
Racism Pays: How Racial Exploitation Gets Innovation Off The Ground, Daria Roithmayr
Michigan Journal of Race and Law
Recent work on the history of capitalism documents the key role that racial exploitation played in the launch of the global cotton economy and the construction of the transcontinental railroad. But racial exploitation is not a thing of the past. Drawing on three case studies, this Paper argues that some of our most celebrated innovations in the digital economy have gotten off the ground by racially exploiting workers of color, paying them less than the marginal revenue product of their labor for their essential contributions. Innovators like Apple and Uber have been able to racially exploit workers of color because …
Teaching Slavery In Commercial Law, Carliss N. Chatman
Teaching Slavery In Commercial Law, Carliss N. Chatman
Michigan Journal of Race and Law
Public status shapes private ordering. Personhood status, conferred or acknowledged by the state, determines whether one is a party to or the object of a contract. For much of our nation’s history, the law deemed all persons of African descent to have a limited status, if given personhood at all. The property and partial personhood status of African-Americans, combined with standards developed to facilitate the growth of the international commodities market for products including cotton, contributed to the current beliefs of business investors and even how communities of color are still governed and supported. The impact of that shift in …
Carceral Socialization As Voter Suppression, Danieli Evans
Carceral Socialization As Voter Suppression, Danieli Evans
Michigan Journal of Race and Law
In an era of mass incarceration, many people are socialized through interactions with the carceral state. These interactions are powerful learning experiences, and by design, they are contrary to democratic citizenship. Citizenship is about belonging to a community of equals, being entitled to mutual respect and concern. Criminal punishment deliberately harms, subordinates, and stigmatizes. Encounters with the carceral system are powerful experiences of anti-democratic socialization, and they impact peoples’ sense of citizenship and trust in government. Accordingly, a large body of social science research shows that eligible voters who have carceral contact are significantly less likely to vote or to …
Pocket Police: The Plain Feel Doctrine Thirty Years Later, Kelly Recker
Pocket Police: The Plain Feel Doctrine Thirty Years Later, Kelly Recker
Michigan Law Review
The idea that a police officer can park in a low-income neighborhood, pull someone over because of their race, frisk everyone in the car, let them go if their pockets are empty, and do the whole thing over and over again until the officer finds something illegal seems deeply upsetting and violative, to say the least. And yet, pretextual traffic stops are constitutional per a unanimous Supreme Court in Whren v. United States, 517 U.S. 806 (1996), as is seizing obvious contraband during a frisk per Minnesota v. Dickerson, 508 U.S. 366 (1993). In the thirty years since …
Race-Ing Antitrust, Bennett Capers, Gregory Day
Race-Ing Antitrust, Bennett Capers, Gregory Day
Michigan Law Review
Antitrust law has a race problem. To spot an antitrust violation, courts inquire into whether an act has degraded consumer welfare. Since anticompetitive practices are often assumed to enhance consumer welfare, antitrust offenses are rarely found. Key to this framework is that antitrust treats all consumers monolithically; that consumers are differently situated, especially along lines of race, simply is ignored.
We argue that antitrust law must disaggregate the term “consumer” to include those who disproportionately suffer from anticompetitive practices via a community welfare standard. As a starting point, we demonstrate that anticompetitive conduct has specifically been used as a tool …
Bankruptcy In Black And White: The Effect Of Race And Bankruptcy Code Exemptions On Wealth, Matthew Bruckner, Raphaël Charron-Chénier, Jevay Grooms
Bankruptcy In Black And White: The Effect Of Race And Bankruptcy Code Exemptions On Wealth, Matthew Bruckner, Raphaël Charron-Chénier, Jevay Grooms
Michigan Journal of Race and Law
Bankruptcy law in the United States is race-neutral on its face but, in practice, race matters in bankruptcy outcomes. Our original research provides an empirical look at how the facially neutral laws that allow debtors to retain assets in bankruptcy cases result in disparate outcomes for Black and white debtors. Racial differences in asset retention in bankruptcy cases play a role in perpetuating wealth inequality between Black and white debtors.
Existing bankruptcy data lacks individual-level characteristics such as race, which inhibits researchers’ ability to adequately assess biases or unintended consequences of laws and policies on subsets of the population. Thus, …
Unraveling The International Law Of Colonialism: Lessons From Australia And The United States, Robert J. Miller, Harry Hobbs
Unraveling The International Law Of Colonialism: Lessons From Australia And The United States, Robert J. Miller, Harry Hobbs
Michigan Journal of Race and Law
In the 1823 decision of Johnson v. M’Intosh, Chief Justice John Marshall formulated the international law of colonialism. Known as the Doctrine of Discovery, Marshall’s opinion drew on the practices of European nations during the Age of Exploration to legitimize European acquisition of territory owned and occupied by Indigenous peoples. Two centuries later, Johnson—and the international law of colonialism—remains good law throughout the world. In this Article we examine how the Doctrine of Discovery was adapted and applied in Australia and the United States. As Indigenous peoples continue to press for a re-examination of their relationships with governments, …
Toward Self-Determination In The U.S. Territories: The Restorative Justice Implications Of Rejecting The Insular Cases, Sarah M. Kelly
Toward Self-Determination In The U.S. Territories: The Restorative Justice Implications Of Rejecting The Insular Cases, Sarah M. Kelly
Michigan Journal of Race and Law
Conservatives and liberals alike are increasingly calling for condemnation of the Insular Cases—a series of U.S. Supreme Court cases from the early 1900s, in which the Court developed the doctrine of territorial incorporation to license the United States’ indefinite holding of overseas colonial possessions. In March 2021, members of the U.S. House of Representatives introduced House Resolution 279, which declares that the Insular Cases should be rejected as having no place in U.S. constitutional law. Moreover, in 2022, Justice Gorsuch called for the Supreme Court to squarely overrule the cases.
For many, rejecting the Insular Cases is a long-overdue reckoning …
Status Manipulation In Chae Chan Ping V. United States, Sam Erman
Status Manipulation In Chae Chan Ping V. United States, Sam Erman
Michigan Law Review
A Review of Chae Chan Ping v. United States. By Rose Cuison-Villazor in Critical Race Judgments: Rewritten U.S. Court Opinions on Race and the Law 74, 84. Edited by Bennett Capers, Devon W. Carbado, R.A. Lenhardt and Angela Onwuachi-Willig.
Allow Me To Transform: A Black Guy’S Guide To A New Constitution, Brandon Hasbrouck
Allow Me To Transform: A Black Guy’S Guide To A New Constitution, Brandon Hasbrouck
Michigan Law Review
A Review of Allow Me to Retort: A Black Guy’s Guide to the Constitution. By Elie Mystal.
Disrupting Carceral Logic In Family Policing, Cynthia Godsoe
Disrupting Carceral Logic In Family Policing, Cynthia Godsoe
Michigan Law Review
A Review of Torn Apart: How the Child Welfare System Destroys Black Families and How Abolition Can Build a Safer World, By Dorothy Roberts.
Sisters Gonna Work It Out: Black Women As Reformers And Radicals In The Criminal Legal System, Paul Butler
Sisters Gonna Work It Out: Black Women As Reformers And Radicals In The Criminal Legal System, Paul Butler
Michigan Law Review
A Review of Becoming Abolitionists: Police, Protests, and the Pursuit of Freedom. By Derecka Purnell and a review of Progressive Prosecution: Race and Reform in Criminal Justice. Edited by Kim Taylor-Thompson and Anthony C. Thompson.
The Geography Of Unfreedom, Ann M. Eisenberg
The Geography Of Unfreedom, Ann M. Eisenberg
Michigan Law Review
A Review of Coal, Cages, Crisis: The Rise of the Prison Economy in Central Appalachia. By Judah Schept.
Mothers In Law, Melissa Murray
Mothers In Law, Melissa Murray
Michigan Law Review
A Review of Civil Rights Queen: Constance Baker Motley and the Struggle for Equality. By Tomiko Brown-Nagin.
Heeding The Voices Of Migrant Youth: The Need For Action, Randi Mandelbaum
Heeding The Voices Of Migrant Youth: The Need For Action, Randi Mandelbaum
Michigan Law Review
A Review of Unaccompanied: The Plight of Immigrant Youth at the Border. By Emily Ruehs-Navarro.
Introduction: Three Responses To Rewritten Opinions In Critical Race Judgments, Gabe Chess, Elena Meth
Introduction: Three Responses To Rewritten Opinions In Critical Race Judgments, Gabe Chess, Elena Meth
Michigan Law Review
A Review of Critical Race Judgments: Rewritten U.S. Court Opinions on Race and the Law. Edited by Bennett Capers, Devon W. Carbado, R.A. Lenhardt and Angela Onwuachi-Willig.
Beyond More Accurate Algorithms: Takeaways From Mccleskey Revisited, Ngozi Okidegbe
Beyond More Accurate Algorithms: Takeaways From Mccleskey Revisited, Ngozi Okidegbe
Michigan Law Review
A Review of McCleskey v. Kemp. By Mario Barnes, in Critical Race Judgments: Rewritten U.S. Court Opinions on Race and the Law 557, 581. Edited by Bennett Capers, Devon W. Carbado, R.A. Lenhardt and Angela Onwuachi-Willig.