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Full-Text Articles in Law
The Equal Rights Amendment And The Equality Act: Closing Gaps Post-Bostock For Sexual Orientation And Gender Identity Minorities, Sarah Blazucki
The Equal Rights Amendment And The Equality Act: Closing Gaps Post-Bostock For Sexual Orientation And Gender Identity Minorities, Sarah Blazucki
University of the District of Columbia Law Review
In 2020, the Supreme Court held in Bostock v. Clayton County that the “because of sex” protection in Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 (Title VII) included an individual’s “homosexual and transgender status.”1 This landmark decision expanded employment protections under the law, for the first time providing broad federal protections to sexual orientation and gender identity minorities.2 It was a sweeping decision, granting protections to millions of people.3 Yet many worry the protections are incomplete, for several reasons. First, the Court explicitly used the language “homosexual and transgender,”4 potentially leaving unresolved if other minority sexual orientations and …
The Times They Are A-Changin’?: #Metoo And Our Movement Forward, Terry Morehead Dworkin, Cindy A. Schipani
The Times They Are A-Changin’?: #Metoo And Our Movement Forward, Terry Morehead Dworkin, Cindy A. Schipani
University of Michigan Journal of Law Reform
Social movements like #MeToo have gained public traction like never before. In this Article, we place those developments within their historical context and chart a path forward. First, we provide a history of the prior unsuccessful attempts to ratify an Equal Rights Amendment, and we discuss that effort’s current legal status and prospects. Then, we briefly review the history of sexual harassment law. Having outlined this historical context, we move to contemporary developments. We describe actions that state legislatures and local municipalities have taken to address the concerns raised by the #MeToo movement. Finally, we discuss how inflection points can …
Missed Opportunities: The Unrealized Equal Protection Framework In Maher V. Roe And Harris V. Mcrae, Amelia Bailey
Missed Opportunities: The Unrealized Equal Protection Framework In Maher V. Roe And Harris V. Mcrae, Amelia Bailey
Michigan Journal of Gender & Law
This Note focuses on two cases, Maher v. Roe and Harris v. McRae, and argues that they represent watershed moments in the reproductive rights movement because they positioned abortion as a fundamental right in name only. In both cases, the Supreme Court sanctioned severe funding restrictions and refused to grant poor women the right to state and federal assistance for elective and “nontherapeutic” abortions. “Non-therapeutic abortion” refers to those abortions performed or induced when the life of the mother is not endangered if the fetus is carried to term or when the pregnancy of the mother is not the …
The Equal Rights Amendment: The Contribution Of Our Generation Of Americans, Walter Karabian
The Equal Rights Amendment: The Contribution Of Our Generation Of Americans, Walter Karabian
Pepperdine Law Review
No abstract provided.
The Equal Rights Amendment And The Courts, Mary C. Dunlap
The Equal Rights Amendment And The Courts, Mary C. Dunlap
Pepperdine Law Review
No abstract provided.
The Impact Of The Equal Rights Amendment On Married Women's Financial Individual Rights , Anne K. Bingaman
The Impact Of The Equal Rights Amendment On Married Women's Financial Individual Rights , Anne K. Bingaman
Pepperdine Law Review
No abstract provided.
An Incomplete Revolution: Feminists And The Legacy Of Marital-Property Reform, Mary Ziegler
An Incomplete Revolution: Feminists And The Legacy Of Marital-Property Reform, Mary Ziegler
Michigan Journal of Gender & Law
As this Article shows, the conventional historical narrative of the divorce revolution is not so much incorrect as incomplete. Histories of the divorce revolution have focused disproportionately on the introduction of no-fault rules and have correctly concluded that women's groups did not play a central role in the introduction of such laws. However, work on divorce law has not adequately addressed the history of marital-property reform or engaged with scholarship on the struggle for the Equal Rights Amendment to the federal Constitution. Putting these two bodies of work in dialogue with one another, the Article provides the first comprehensive history …
The Possibility Of Compromise: Antiabortion Moderates After Roe V. Wade, 1973–1980, Mary Ziegler
The Possibility Of Compromise: Antiabortion Moderates After Roe V. Wade, 1973–1980, Mary Ziegler
Chicago-Kent Law Review
Leading studies argue that Roe itself radicalized debate and marginalized antiabortion moderates, either by issuing a sweeping decision before adequate public support had developed or by framing the opinion in terms of moral absolutes. The polarization narrative on which leading studies rely obscures important actors and arguments that defined the antiabortion movement of the 1970s. First, contrary to what the polarization narrative suggests, self-identified moderates played a significant role in the mainstream antiabortion movement, shaping policies on issues like the treatment of unwed mothers or the Equal Rights Amendment. Working in organizations like Feminists for Life (FFL) or American Citizens …
The Lost Legislative History Of The Equal Rights Amendment: Lessons From The Unpublished 1983 Markup By The House Judiciary Committee, Paul Taylor, Philip G. Kiko
The Lost Legislative History Of The Equal Rights Amendment: Lessons From The Unpublished 1983 Markup By The House Judiciary Committee, Paul Taylor, Philip G. Kiko
University of Maryland Law Journal of Race, Religion, Gender and Class
No abstract provided.
Some Effects Of Identity-Based Social Movements On Constitutional Law In The Twentieth Century, William N. Eskridge Jr.
Some Effects Of Identity-Based Social Movements On Constitutional Law In The Twentieth Century, William N. Eskridge Jr.
Michigan Law Review
What motivated big changes in constitutional law doctrine during the twentieth century? Rarely did important constitutional doctrine or theory change because of formal amendments to the document's text, and rarer still because scholars or judges "discovered" new information about the Constitution's original meaning. Precedent and common law reasoning were the mechanisms by which changes occurred rather than their driving force. My thesis is that most twentieth century changes in the constitutional protection of individual rights were driven by or in response to the great identity-based social movements ("IBSMs") of the twentieth century. Race, sex, and sexual orientation were markers of …
Gender Discrimination And The Transformation Of Workplace Norms, Kathryn Abrams
Gender Discrimination And The Transformation Of Workplace Norms, Kathryn Abrams
Vanderbilt Law Review
Lately when I talk about gender, I am often confronted with the message that women's equality has already been achieved. A colleague may provide this insight, or a complete stranger waiting in a grocery line. But the thought was most succinctly expressed by a student who grew impatient with my activism. "I don't understand," she declared."Women have gotten just about everything they wanted. Don't they see that the time for militancy is over?" Perhaps this response should come as no surprise. The battle for the Equal Rights Amendment has been lost, but in salient ways our society seems to have …
Why We Lost The Era, Judith L. Hudson
Why We Lost The Era, Judith L. Hudson
Michigan Law Review
A Review of Why We Lost the ERA
Towards A Feminist Jurisprudence, Ann C. Scales
Towards A Feminist Jurisprudence, Ann C. Scales
Indiana Law Journal
No abstract provided.
Constitutional Law—Sex Discrimination Under The Equal Rights Amendment—Marchioro V. Chaney, 90 Wn. 2d 298, 582 P.2d 487 (1978), Prob. Juris. Noted, 99 S. Ct. 718 (1979), Irene Hecht
Washington Law Review
Two of several statutes governing the composition and organization of the major political parties in Washington, R.C.W. § 29.42.020 and R.C.W. § 29.42.030, require that certain pairs of party representatives consist of one man and one woman. Following an intraparty dispute various interested persons filed suit, challenging, inter alia, the constitutionality of R.C.W. §§ 29.42.020-.030 under Washington's Equal Rights Amendment (ERA). The trial court granted the plaintiffs summary judgment on this claim. In a five to four decision the Washington Supreme Court reversed, upholding the constitutionality of both statutes under the ERA because they did not discriminate on the basis …
The Equal Rights Amendment As An Instrument For Social Change, Lynn Andretta Fishel, Clarine Nardi Riddle
The Equal Rights Amendment As An Instrument For Social Change, Lynn Andretta Fishel, Clarine Nardi Riddle
IUSTITIA
"The Equal Rights Amendment: Will it do so little, we don't need it -or so much, we shouldn't have it?"
The paradox stems from the arguments of the groups who oppose the Equal Rights Amendment (ERA). On one hand, they claim that the 14th Amendment and Title V1II provide all the tools women need, so the ERA won't be able to accomplish anything uniquely significant. On the other hand they contend, with even greater fervor, that the ERA will be so powerful it will destroy the fabric of society. The paradox is not altogether ludicrous, however, when it is recognized …
Reversals In The Federal Constitutional Amendment Process: Efficacy Of State Ratifications Of The Equal Rights Amendment, Lynn Andretta Fishel
Reversals In The Federal Constitutional Amendment Process: Efficacy Of State Ratifications Of The Equal Rights Amendment, Lynn Andretta Fishel
Indiana Law Journal
No abstract provided.
Rip-Off Professionalism, Marilyn C. Zilli
Rip-Off Professionalism, Marilyn C. Zilli
IUSTITIA
In the February 1972 issue of PRO SE (National Law Women's Newsletter) an article entitled "Professional Rip-off" criticized the Women's Liberation Movement for producing what the authors call "grasping opportunists," "pleasant, reasonable, charming, and eternally submissive sell-out[s] " (page 4). They are referring to professional women and posit that because, in a capitalist society, professional status is a privilege enjoyed by few, the claim that all women will benefit from an improvement in the status of professional women could not be farther from the truth (page 4): "Instead of making women more 'equal,' the new female professionals make themselves more …
Equal Rights For Women: The Need For A National Policy, Julia C. Lamber
Equal Rights For Women: The Need For A National Policy, Julia C. Lamber
Indiana Law Journal
No abstract provided.