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Articles 1 - 30 of 161
Full-Text Articles in Law
How Women's Organizations Are Changing The Legal Landscape Of Reproductive Rights In Latin America, Fabiola Carrión
How Women's Organizations Are Changing The Legal Landscape Of Reproductive Rights In Latin America, Fabiola Carrión
City University of New York Law Review
No abstract provided.
Alternative Restrictions Of Sex Offenders' Social Media Use & The Freedom Of Speech, Norah M. Sloss
Alternative Restrictions Of Sex Offenders' Social Media Use & The Freedom Of Speech, Norah M. Sloss
Catholic University Journal of Law and Technology
No abstract provided.
The Constitution And Societal Norms: A Modern Case For Female Breast Equality, Brenna Helppie-Schmieder
The Constitution And Societal Norms: A Modern Case For Female Breast Equality, Brenna Helppie-Schmieder
DePaul Journal of Women, Gender and the Law
“The Constitution and Societal Norms: A Modern Case for Female Breast Equality” argues that laws prohibiting the public display of the female breast, but not the male breast, are unconstitutional under the Fourteenth Amendment’s Equal Protection Clause. That these laws discriminate against women is obvious, yet courts have historically refused to recognize an Equal Protection Clause violation. However, the primary reasons courts rely upon are ripe for review. Most significantly, courts typically justify female breast censorship laws based on the government interest in protecting public sensibilities, without recognizing that public sensibilities change. Indeed, perceptions of the public female breast have …
All Is Not Fair In Love And War: An Exploration Of The Military Masculinity Myth, Meghan O'Malley
All Is Not Fair In Love And War: An Exploration Of The Military Masculinity Myth, Meghan O'Malley
DePaul Journal of Women, Gender and the Law
Sexual assault has become pandemic and even a common occurrence among the ranks of all branches of the U.S. military. The Department of Defense estimates that in the year 2012 alone, 26,000 active duty soldiers were sexually assaulted. The military rape culture was thrust to the forefront of the media in 1991 as a result of the Tailhook Scandal. The military and Congress have not sat idly by, but twenty-three years and hundreds of thousands of assaults later, nothing has successfully alleviated the rates of sexual violence.
This paper explores why such efforts have failed to produce the desired results …
Covernance: Feminist Theory, The Islamic Veil, And The Strasbourg Court's Jurisprudence On Religious Dress-Appearance Restrictions, Amina Haleem
DePaul Journal of Women, Gender and the Law
This paper explores how the human right of religious freedom has been conceptually and pragmatically developed under international law within the European Court of Human Rights as applied to veiled Muslim women. This paper analyzes the application of human rights guarantees as established in the European Convention on Human Rights and case law established by the European Court that has interpreted international documents to determine the religious freedoms of veiled Muslim women in the public sphere. The analytical framework identifies the divergence between liberal and third wave feminist approaches to the Islamic veil, and identifies the feminist approaches to international …
Mothers Behind Bars: Breaking The Paradigm Of Prisoners, Anna Mangia
Mothers Behind Bars: Breaking The Paradigm Of Prisoners, Anna Mangia
DePaul Journal of Women, Gender and the Law
Prison is an oppressive institution created for men, by men. While some may argue that oppression is the point of prison, this oppression is still created for and directed toward men. Because the paradigm of a prisoner is a violent male, the needs and concerns of women are often not considered. Female prisoners, therefore, experience layers of oppression: intended oppression inherent in the prison system, as well as gender-based oppression inherent in our society. Furthermore, incarcerated mothers experience a third layer of oppression due to their roles and expectations in society. “The mother” is glorified, but when a woman breaks …
Constitutionalizing Fetal Rights: A Salutary Tale From Ireland, Fiona De Londras
Constitutionalizing Fetal Rights: A Salutary Tale From Ireland, Fiona De Londras
Michigan Journal of Gender & Law
In 1983, Ireland became the first country in the world to constitutionalize fetal rights. The 8th Amendment to the Constitution, passed by a referendum of the People, resulted in constitutional protection for “the right to life of the unborn,” which was deemed “equal” to the right to life of the “mother.” Since then, enshrining fetal rights in constitutions and in legislation has emerged as a key part of anti-abortion campaigning. This Article traces the constitutionalization of fetal rights in Ireland and its implications for law, politics, and women. In so doing, it provides a salutary tale of such an approach. …
Bridging Bisexual Erasure In Lgbt-Rights Discourse And Litigation, Nancy C. Marcus
Bridging Bisexual Erasure In Lgbt-Rights Discourse And Litigation, Nancy C. Marcus
Michigan Journal of Gender & Law
LGBT rights are at the forefront of current legal news, with “gay marriage” and other “gay” issues visible beyond dispute in social and legal discourse in the 21st Century. Less visible are the bisexuals who are supposedly encompassed by the umbrella phrase “LGBT” and by LGBT-rights litigation, but who are often left out of LGBTrights discourse entirely. This Article examines the problem of bisexual invisibility and erasure within LGBT-rights litigation and legal discourse. The Article surveys the bisexual erasure legal discourse to date, and examines the causes of bisexual erasure and its harmful consequences for bisexuals, the broader LGBT community, …
The Right To Same-Sex Marriage: Formalism, Realism, And Social Change In Lawrence (2003), Windsor (2013), & Obergefell (2015), Ronald Kahn
Maryland Law Review
No abstract provided.
Common Law Fundamentals Of The Right To Abortion, Anita Bernstein
Common Law Fundamentals Of The Right To Abortion, Anita Bernstein
Buffalo Law Review
No abstract provided.
My Coworker, My Enemy: Solidarity, Workplace Control, And The Class Politics Of Title Vii, Ahmed A. White
My Coworker, My Enemy: Solidarity, Workplace Control, And The Class Politics Of Title Vii, Ahmed A. White
Buffalo Law Review
No abstract provided.
Gender Diversity And Disparity In The Legal Profession: An Empirical Analysis Of The Gender Profile In National Law Firms And Law Schools, Edward S. Adams, Samuel P. Engel
Gender Diversity And Disparity In The Legal Profession: An Empirical Analysis Of The Gender Profile In National Law Firms And Law Schools, Edward S. Adams, Samuel P. Engel
Buffalo Law Review
No abstract provided.
Allyship To The Intersex Community On Cosmetic, Non-Consensual Genital "Normalizing" Surgery, Robert Hupf
Allyship To The Intersex Community On Cosmetic, Non-Consensual Genital "Normalizing" Surgery, Robert Hupf
William & Mary Journal of Race, Gender, and Social Justice
No abstract provided.
Keepin' It "Real": Israel's Segregation Of Transgender Prisoners And The Transgender/Cisgender Binary, Lihi Yona
Buffalo Journal of Gender, Law & Social Policy
No abstract provided.
Stemming The Hobby Lobby Tidal Wave: Why Rfra Challenges To Obama's Executive Order Prohibiting Federal Contractors From Discriminating Against Lgbt Employees Will Not Succeed, Kayla A. Higgins
Buffalo Journal of Gender, Law & Social Policy
No abstract provided.
An Employer's Conscience After Hobby Lobby And The Continuing Conflict Between Women's Rights And Religious Freedom, Sarah M. Stephens
An Employer's Conscience After Hobby Lobby And The Continuing Conflict Between Women's Rights And Religious Freedom, Sarah M. Stephens
Buffalo Journal of Gender, Law & Social Policy
No abstract provided.
World Cup Dreaming: Sporting Activism And The Incrementalist Advancement Of Sexual Equality Through Association Football, Richard J. Peltz-Steele, Jose A. Benavides
World Cup Dreaming: Sporting Activism And The Incrementalist Advancement Of Sexual Equality Through Association Football, Richard J. Peltz-Steele, Jose A. Benavides
West Virginia Law Review
No abstract provided.
The Reed Case: The Seed For Equal Protection From Sex-Based Discrimination, Or Polite Judicial Hedging?, John P. Murphy Jr.
The Reed Case: The Seed For Equal Protection From Sex-Based Discrimination, Or Polite Judicial Hedging?, John P. Murphy Jr.
Akron Law Review
Reed is yet another example of how the Equal Protection Clause may be used to strike down state statutes which embody arbitrary classifications that are neither fairly nor substantially related to the object of the statute, and which bring about the invidious discrimination that is repugnant to the Fourteenth Amendment. It must stressed that the outcome of Reed is clearly commendable in terms of justice. What is troublesome is the fact that one may contend that the Supreme Court hedged, perhaps avoided, an excellent opportunity in which to expand the constitutional scope of the Equal Protection Clause. Reed afforded the …
Standing; Assertion Of Jus Tertii; Sex Discrimination; Equal Protection; Twenty-First Amendment; Craig V. Boren, Anthony Sadowski
Standing; Assertion Of Jus Tertii; Sex Discrimination; Equal Protection; Twenty-First Amendment; Craig V. Boren, Anthony Sadowski
Akron Law Review
"A PPELLANTS brought an action in the United States District Court for the Western District of Oklahoma seeking declaratory and injunctive relief. The complaint charged that the operation of two Oklahoma statutes, which prohibited the sale of 3.2% beer to males under the age of 21 while allowing females over the age of 18 to purchase the commodity, violated the fourteenth amendment to the Federal Constitution. The three-judge court held that the gender-based classification did not violate the equal protection clause. In Craig v. Boren, on direct appeal, the United States Supreme Court reversed, finding that the gender-based classification could …
Equal Protection; Sex Discrimination; Veterans' Preference Statutes, Feeney V. Massachusetts, Eloise Taylor
Equal Protection; Sex Discrimination; Veterans' Preference Statutes, Feeney V. Massachusetts, Eloise Taylor
Akron Law Review
"Historically, the armed services have been predominantly male. The result has been that the operation of veterans' preferences has placed women as a class at a particular disadvantage in comparison to men when in or entering into civil service.' To nullify this stigma, the first successful challenge to veterans' preference, Feeney v. Massachusetts,' was litigated."
Equal Protection; State Alimony Statutes; Sex Discrimination; Orr V. Orr, David A. Detec, Jane L. Thomas-Moore
Equal Protection; State Alimony Statutes; Sex Discrimination; Orr V. Orr, David A. Detec, Jane L. Thomas-Moore
Akron Law Review
In Orr v. Orr the United States Supreme Court held unconstitutional the Alabama alimony statutes which provided that husbands, but not wives, may be required to pay alimony upon divorce. The Court's principal reason for so holding was the statutes' violation of the Equal Protection Clause of the fourteenth amendment on the basis of sex discrimination.
Measuring The Reach Of Title Ix: Defining Program And Recipient In Higher Education, James H. Brooks
Measuring The Reach Of Title Ix: Defining Program And Recipient In Higher Education, James H. Brooks
Akron Law Review
Two main issues are raised by Grove City College v. Bell and will be analyzed in this article. First, should the Supreme Court construe a post-secondary institution as a "program" for purposes of Title IX? Second, should aid to students be considered federal financial assistance to the institution?
Post-Norris Ambiguities: Unanswered Questions For Women And The Pension Industry, T. Timothy Ryan Jr., Paula A. Rock
Post-Norris Ambiguities: Unanswered Questions For Women And The Pension Industry, T. Timothy Ryan Jr., Paula A. Rock
Akron Law Review
On April 25, 1978, the United States Supreme Court decided Los Angeles Department of Water and Power v. Manhart in a way that was bound to have a profound effect on the pension industry. The division of opinion in the Manhart Court was indicative of the difficulty of the question presented. In Part I, this article examines the Court's findings in Manhart, as well as its conclusions in a more recent case, Arizona Governing Committee v. Norris, in which the Supreme Court extended its Manhart holding in a way bound to have an equally significant impact on pension …
Meritor Savings Bank V. Vinson: The Supreme Court's Recognition Of The Hostile Environment In Sexual Harassment Claims, Victoria T. Bartels
Meritor Savings Bank V. Vinson: The Supreme Court's Recognition Of The Hostile Environment In Sexual Harassment Claims, Victoria T. Bartels
Akron Law Review
This casenote will examine Meritor Savings Bank v. Vinson in light of the brief legal history of Title VII sexual harassment claims and will consider the implications of both the Court's holding and its dicta regarding the undecided issues.
Title Vii: Legal Protection Against Sexual Harassment, Arthur J. Marinelli Jr.
Title Vii: Legal Protection Against Sexual Harassment, Arthur J. Marinelli Jr.
Akron Law Review
The purpose of this article is to examine early case law and recent court decisions involving sexual harassment, especially Meritor v. Vinson. The article will discuss employer avoidance of liability under the EEOC guidelines and will urge employers to implement steps to investigate, prohibit, and sensitize supervisors to sexual harassment.
The Respective Burdens Of Proof In Title Vii Cases: Price Waterhouse V. Hopkins Confuses The Issue, Gregory T. Rossi
The Respective Burdens Of Proof In Title Vii Cases: Price Waterhouse V. Hopkins Confuses The Issue, Gregory T. Rossi
Akron Law Review
employed women, and other minorities throughout the United States. The opinion has several significant aspects. First, the case defines the respective evidentiary burdens of a plaintiff-employee and defendant-employer in a Title VIP suit, when the plaintiff-employee has shown that the defendant-employer's employment action resulted from a consideration of legitimate and illegitimate factors (i.e., "mixed motive case"). Second, the express allocation of the burdens of proof resolved a conflict among the various Courts of Appeals. Third, the Court failed to issue a majority opinion. This is significant in light of the current republican administration and its influence on what is now …
Northeast Women's Center, Inc. V. Mcmonagle: A Message To Poltical Activists, Jo Anne Pool
Northeast Women's Center, Inc. V. Mcmonagle: A Message To Poltical Activists, Jo Anne Pool
Akron Law Review
This note examines Northeast Women's Center, Inc v. McMonagle a successful civil RICO claim brought by an abortion clinic against antiabortion activists who "used force, threats of force, fear and violence in their efforts to force the clinic out of business " As a background to examining the case, this note will explore the RICO statute, the judicial extension of RICO, and the current congressional action concerning reform.
Analysis of Northeast reveals an emerging extension of civil RICO. Civil RICO is applied to curb unlawful political protest. Such an extension allows certain victims of domestic terrorism private recovery of damages. …
State V. Stewart: Self-Defense And Battered Women: Reasonable Perception Of Danger Or License To Kill, Barbara A. Venesy
State V. Stewart: Self-Defense And Battered Women: Reasonable Perception Of Danger Or License To Kill, Barbara A. Venesy
Akron Law Review
First, this Note explores the criminal justice system's ineffective response to wife abuse, the law of self-defense, and the impact of battered woman syndrome on the doctrine of self-defense. Then, the Note evaluates the Kansas court's denial of self-defense instructions in view of its previous holdings on quantity of evidence and imminent danger. The remainder of the Note analyzes the unfounded fear that the battered woman syndrome could become an independent form of self-defense and sanction unnecessary self-help. The Note concludes that successful use of battered woman syndrome testimony ensures the woman's right to act in self-defense and restricts only …
Fetal Interests Vs. Maternal Rights: Is The State Going Too Far?, Robin M. Trindel
Fetal Interests Vs. Maternal Rights: Is The State Going Too Far?, Robin M. Trindel
Akron Law Review
Part One of this Comment traces the historical development and examines the current status of fetal rights. Part Two discusses the implications that the courts' recognition of fetal rights has spawned upon womens' lives. This Comment concludes that forcing women to undergo medical treatment to benefit their fetuses both ignores legal precedent and violates the woman's right to privacy and bodily integrity. The use of civil and criminal sanctions to punish women for prenatal conduct greatly affects all women while accomplishing nothing in furtherance of state goals.
United Auto Workers V. Johnson Controls, Inc.: One Small Step For Womankind, A. L. Cherry
United Auto Workers V. Johnson Controls, Inc.: One Small Step For Womankind, A. L. Cherry
Akron Law Review
In United Auto Workers v. Johnson Controls, Inc., the U.S. Supreme Court was faced with the task of deciding whether women's childbearing capacity could be used to limit women's job choices and opportunities within certain industrial/ manufacturing fields. The Court decided that the ability to bear children could be used to so limit women, but only if the employer met a high standard. In Johnson Controls, employees who worked in a toxic work environment sought a determination that their employer's fetal protection policy discriminated on the basis of sex in violation of Title VII of the Civil Rights Act …