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Articles 1 - 30 of 42
Full-Text Articles in Law
Unclear Guidelines From The Sentencing Commission And A Prejudiced Warden Result In (Un)Compassionate Release, Mary Trotter
Unclear Guidelines From The Sentencing Commission And A Prejudiced Warden Result In (Un)Compassionate Release, Mary Trotter
Journal of the National Association of Administrative Law Judiciary
Congress first developed compassionate release in 1984, granting federal courts the authority to reduce sentences for “extraordinary and compelling” reasons. Compassionate release allows the Federal Bureau of Prisons (BOP) and inmates to apply for immediate early release on grounds of “particularly extraordinary or compelling circumstances which could not reasonably have been foreseen by the court at the time of sentencing.” Questions remain about how the BOP and the courts grant compassionate release and whether the courts apply the compassionate release guidelines consistently. The uncertainty is due to the lack of clarity from the USSC to define “extraordinary or compelling circumstances,” …
Twisted Machines: Police Pursuit Policy And Accountability, Madeline Hedrick
Twisted Machines: Police Pursuit Policy And Accountability, Madeline Hedrick
Journal of the National Association of Administrative Law Judiciary
Part I of this comment will examine the cultural and legal approach to high-speed pursuits exemplified in Los Angeles—the national center of televised car chases. Part II will unpack the thorny judicial doctrine of qualified immunity and evaluate how it impacts the incentives and accountability of police pursuits. Part III will examine who pays for the lawsuits that survive qualified immunity and the role insurance companies have in the facilitation of police reform. In Part IV, this comment will examine the qualified immunity bills in New Mexico and Colorado, the nationwide example they set, and the pushback they have received. …
Proceeding Pro Se: Misguided Limitations On The Prison Mailbox Rule In Cretacci V. Call, Eleanor Ritter
Proceeding Pro Se: Misguided Limitations On The Prison Mailbox Rule In Cretacci V. Call, Eleanor Ritter
Pepperdine Law Review
Under the “prison mailbox rule,” an inmate’s notice of appeal in either a criminal or civil case is considered filed at the moment the notice is given to prison authorities to be mailed. But the prison mailbox rule originated as a common law rule––having developed in Fallen v. United States and Houston v. Lack––and was not codified in the Federal Rules of Appellate Procedure until 1993. In light of its complex origins, circuit courts have split over to whom and to which types of filings the rule should apply. More specifically, courts have disagreed over whether the prison mailbox rule …
The Pathway Forward: Uncovering The Barriers Faced By Women Police Chiefs, Michael Llamas, Amor Roma, Tianshi Hao, Wendy Perkinson, Kayleigh Axtell, Anshu Lal, Jesse Llamas
The Pathway Forward: Uncovering The Barriers Faced By Women Police Chiefs, Michael Llamas, Amor Roma, Tianshi Hao, Wendy Perkinson, Kayleigh Axtell, Anshu Lal, Jesse Llamas
The Scholarship Without Borders Journal
Women have encountered many obstacles in their quest to gain leadership in law enforcement. While research has studied how well women officers strive to achieve higher-level positions within police departments, the challenges women face when they gain top leadership roles remain largely unexplored. This research paper will discuss the unique challenges faced by women police chiefs, drawing from first-hand experiences of women police chiefs and existing literature. The study finds that women police chiefs encounter challenges in communication, transferring to a new department, overtasking, introvertedness, and general police chief stress. The study also finds that women police chiefs implement ways …
Rounding Up The Three-Fifths Clause: Eradicating Prison Gerrymandering In The South, Abigail N. Falk
Rounding Up The Three-Fifths Clause: Eradicating Prison Gerrymandering In The South, Abigail N. Falk
Pepperdine Law Review
This Comment examines the phenomenon of prison gerrymandering, a practice that involves counting prisoners as residents of the counties where their state correctional facilities are located—rather than in their home communities—for redistricting and representational purposes. This practice of counting inflates the voting power of rural, white districts with large prison complexes and diminishes the voting power of minority communities. Prison gerrymandering has become especially pervasive across southern states while many of the South’s northern counterparts have eradicated this practice through legislative reform. This Comment proposes a solution to stop prison gerrymandering in the South, arguing a strategy to produce a …
Marsy's Law: Florida's Victim Classification Protections Are Too Broad And Wrongfully Utilized By Florida Law Enforcement Agencies, Ashley Lee
Journal of the National Association of Administrative Law Judiciary
While new trends in legislation may aim to reduce the use of excessive force by law enforcement, some Florida agencies interpreted their state’s Marsy’s Law to protect officers accused of using excessive force. This Comment examines the inappropriateness of Florida’s law enforcement agencies’ interpretation of Marsy’s Law, particularly in the context of the law’s original intentions. This Comment points to a potential solution to this problematic interpretation, advocating for an additional limiting clause that narrowly targets how law enforcement interpreted this statute in the context of excessive force reports.
Can Islamic Law Principles Regarding Settlement Of Criminal Disputes Solve The Problem Of The U.S. Mass Incarceration?, Amin R. Yacoub, Becky Briggs
Can Islamic Law Principles Regarding Settlement Of Criminal Disputes Solve The Problem Of The U.S. Mass Incarceration?, Amin R. Yacoub, Becky Briggs
Pepperdine Dispute Resolution Law Journal
The mass incarceration crisis in the United States (US) remains a vexing issue to this day. Although the US incarcerated population has decreased by twenty-five percent amid the COVID-19 pandemic, the US remains a leading country in the number of incarcerated people per capita. Focusing on Islamic law principles governing settlement in criminal cases, the rehabilitative approach of the Icelandic criminal justice model, and the powerful role of prosecutors in serving justice, this research argues that integrating settlement and mediation into the prosecutorial proceedings will significantly reduce mass incarceration in the US.
A Burning Question: Sparking Federal Protection Of Inmate Firefighters Through California’S Conservation Camp Program, Zachary T. Remijas
A Burning Question: Sparking Federal Protection Of Inmate Firefighters Through California’S Conservation Camp Program, Zachary T. Remijas
Journal of the National Association of Administrative Law Judiciary
The mounting demand for inmate firefighters in response to increased disaster relief has made such individuals an indispensable resource to the State of California. As a result, state agencies in charge of administering inmate firefighters’ services must give renewed attention to expanding efforts to protect the inmates’ livelihood both before and after a participating inmate’s release. This Comment provides an overview of California inmates undertaking prison labor as volunteer firefighters under the Conservation Camp Program. The Comment further critiques the nonreciprocal approach taken towards inmate firefighting resources, while advocating for a more intentional rehabilitationist approach that implores the California Department …
Dear Courts: I, Too, Am A Reasonable Man, Marvel L. Faulkner
Dear Courts: I, Too, Am A Reasonable Man, Marvel L. Faulkner
Pepperdine Law Review
There has been an ongoing debate regarding police-on-Black violence since the dawn of the United States police force. At every stage, the criminal justice system has had a monumental impact on the plight of the Black American community. The historical roots of racism within the criminal justice system have had adverse effects on the Black American psyche. Emerging research suggests that the upsurge in reporting police-on-Black violence—including videos shot from pedestrian camera phones and uploaded to multimedia platforms and historical accounts of the agonizing treatment Black Americans have experienced beginning with Slave Patrols—has affected individualized behavior during interactions with police …
The Increased Exposure To Coronavirus (Covid-19) For Prisoners Justifies Early Release: And The Wider Implications Of This For Sentencing—Reducing Most Prison Terms Due To The Harsh Incidental Consequences Of Prison, Mirko Bagaric, Peter Isham, Jennifer Svilar
The Increased Exposure To Coronavirus (Covid-19) For Prisoners Justifies Early Release: And The Wider Implications Of This For Sentencing—Reducing Most Prison Terms Due To The Harsh Incidental Consequences Of Prison, Mirko Bagaric, Peter Isham, Jennifer Svilar
Pepperdine Law Review
The risk of coronavirus (COVID-19) spreading in prisons is especially acute. This has resulted in an unprecedented number of prisoners being released across the world – including many prisoners in the United States. From the health, social, and political perspectives, this is a sound approach. This is especially the situation in relation to older prisoners and those who have not been imprisoned for serious sexual and violent offenses. Despite the large number of prisoners that are being released, the United States will still have the largest prison population on earth—and by a large margin. However, the coronavirus pandemic and the …
The Johnson & Johnson Problem: The Supreme Court Limited The Armed Career Criminal Act's "Violent Felony" Provision—And Our Children Are Paying, Shelby Burns
Pepperdine Law Review
The Armed Career Criminal Act and United States Sentencing Guidelines prescribe sentence enhancements based upon a defendant’s prior convictions. In particular, these federal sentencing tools contain violent felony provisions that outline the requirements a state criminal statute must satisfy for a conviction to constitute a violent felony, making the convicted person eligible for a federal sentence enhancement. However, the Supreme Court’s holdings in Johnson v. United States, 559 U.S. 133 (2010) and Johnson v. United States, 135 S. Ct. 2551 (2015) severely limited the scope of both sentencing tools’ violent felony provisions, making it more difficult for certain crimes to …
A Principled Approach To Separating The Fusion Between Nursing Homes And Prisons, Mirko Bagaric, Marissa Florio, Brienna Bagaric
A Principled Approach To Separating The Fusion Between Nursing Homes And Prisons, Mirko Bagaric, Marissa Florio, Brienna Bagaric
Pepperdine Law Review
Elderly people are a far lower risk to community safety than other individuals. Despite this, elderly prisoners are filling prisons at an increasing rate. The number of elderly prisoners in the United States has increased more than fifteen-fold over the past three decades—far more than the general imprisonment rate. This trend is empirically and normatively flawed. Older offenders should be treated differently from other offenders. The key reason for this is that elderly offenders reoffend at about half the rate of other released prisoners, but the cost of incarcerating the elderly—due to their more pressing health needs—is more than double. …
Bias In Blue: Instructing Jurors To Consider The Testimony Of Police Officer Witnesses With Caution, Vida B. Johnson
Bias In Blue: Instructing Jurors To Consider The Testimony Of Police Officer Witnesses With Caution, Vida B. Johnson
Pepperdine Law Review
Jurors in criminal trials are instructed by the judge that they are to treat the testimony of a police officer just like the testimony of any other witness. Fact-finders are told that they should not give police officer testimony greater or lesser weight than any other witness they will hear from at trial. Jurors are to accept that police are no more believable or less believable than anyone else. Jury instructions regarding police officer testimony stand in contrast to the instructions given to jurors when a witness with a legally recognized interest in the outcome of the case has testified. …
Protecting America’S Children: Why An Executive Order Banning Juvenile Solitary Confinement Is Not Enough, Carina Muir
Protecting America’S Children: Why An Executive Order Banning Juvenile Solitary Confinement Is Not Enough, Carina Muir
Pepperdine Law Review
Despite its devastating psychological, physical, and developmental effects on juveniles, solitary confinement is used in juvenile correctional facilities across the United States. This Comment posits that such treatment violates the Eighth Amendment’s Cruel and Unusual Punishment Clause, the United Nations’ Convention on the Rights of the Child, and the Convention Against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman, or Degrading Treatment or Punishment. It likewise argues that that President Obama’s recent Executive Order banning juvenile solitary confinement is simply not a powerful enough remedy and discusses why it must be paired with Congressional legislation or Supreme Court jurisprudence if it is to …
The Use Of Mediation To Settle Prisoner Grievances In Federal Court, Michelle Burns
The Use Of Mediation To Settle Prisoner Grievances In Federal Court, Michelle Burns
Pepperdine Dispute Resolution Law Journal
This article discusses the importance of mediation and mediation-like alternative dispute resolution (ADR) methods used by the U.S. federal district courts to settle prisoner litigation claims. Topics discussed include laws made for the prisoners for filing their claims in the Federal District Courts under Section 1983, the role of ADR in resolving prisoner grievances and the role of ADR in settling the disputes related to prisoner civil rights.
Comment: First Amendment Rights Of Prisoners To Have Access To The News Media In Relation To Administrative Policy Bans Upon Such Access , Sharon Hass
Pepperdine Law Review
No abstract provided.
This Alj Said Too Much: Prison Hearing Officer Charges Michigan Department Of Corrections With First Amendment Violations And Race Discrimination, Carolyn Amadon
Journal of the National Association of Administrative Law Judiciary
No abstract provided.
Recidivism And Juvenile Offenders: The Role Of The Counselor, William C. Gordon
Recidivism And Juvenile Offenders: The Role Of The Counselor, William C. Gordon
Pepperdine Law Review
No abstract provided.
The Policeman's Duty And The Law Pertaining To Citizen Encounters, Charles M. Oberly Iii
The Policeman's Duty And The Law Pertaining To Citizen Encounters, Charles M. Oberly Iii
Pepperdine Law Review
In this article the author, by case analysis, identifies the confusion facing police officers when dealing with stop and frisk situations and suggests adoption of the Model Rules of Stop and Frisk as a possible solution to the problem.
Police Shootings - Administrative Law As A Method Of Control Over Police: Peterson V. City Of Long Beach, James Wright
Police Shootings - Administrative Law As A Method Of Control Over Police: Peterson V. City Of Long Beach, James Wright
Pepperdine Law Review
Professor Kenneth Davis has long advocated that police manuals should be viewed as interpretative administrative rules, which would guide police in their daily activities. He argued that police departments should not fear adopting interpretative rules because such rules would not be binding; therefore, the department would not be subject to tort liability if an officer violated such a rule. In Peterson v. City of Long Beach, a police officer violated the police manual when he shot and killed a non-violent fleeing suspect. The California Supreme Court, in an opinion by Justice Frank Newman, cited Professor Davis and his call for …
New York V. Belton: The Scope Of Warrantless Searches Extended, Glenn D. Forcucci
New York V. Belton: The Scope Of Warrantless Searches Extended, Glenn D. Forcucci
Pepperdine Law Review
The United States Supreme Court, in New York v. Belton, expanded the area in which a policeman may search after he has made a lawful custodial arrest. In so ruling, the Supreme Court dramatically departed from its previous holding in Chimel v. California. While Chimel limited the area of the search to the area "within the immediate control of the arrestee," Belton allowed a search outside of that established boundary, as the Supreme Court allowed the search to include the passenger compartment of an automobile which the arrestee had not occupied.
Introduction, Ronald F. Phillips
The Offender And The Victim, Edward Tromanhauser
The Offender And The Victim, Edward Tromanhauser
Pepperdine Law Review
No abstract provided.
Emerging Issues In Victim Assistance, Marlene A. Young
Emerging Issues In Victim Assistance, Marlene A. Young
Pepperdine Law Review
No abstract provided.
Crime Victims' Rights -- A Legislative Perspective, William Van Regenmorter
Crime Victims' Rights -- A Legislative Perspective, William Van Regenmorter
Pepperdine Law Review
No abstract provided.
Progress In The Victim Reform Movement: No Longer The "Forgotten Victim", David L. Roland
Progress In The Victim Reform Movement: No Longer The "Forgotten Victim", David L. Roland
Pepperdine Law Review
No abstract provided.
Victims' Rights: An Idea Whose Time Has Come--Five Years Later: The Maturing Of An Idea, Frank Carrington, George Nicholson
Victims' Rights: An Idea Whose Time Has Come--Five Years Later: The Maturing Of An Idea, Frank Carrington, George Nicholson
Pepperdine Law Review
No abstract provided.
The Elevation Of Victims' Rights In Washington State: Constitutional Status, Ken Eikenberry
The Elevation Of Victims' Rights In Washington State: Constitutional Status, Ken Eikenberry
Pepperdine Law Review
No abstract provided.
Introduction, Ronald F. Phillips
United States V. Alvarez-Machain: Kidnapping In The "War On Drugs" - A Matter Of Executive Discretion Or Lawlessness?, Michael G. Mckinnon
United States V. Alvarez-Machain: Kidnapping In The "War On Drugs" - A Matter Of Executive Discretion Or Lawlessness?, Michael G. Mckinnon
Pepperdine Law Review
No abstract provided.