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Turning The Corner On Mass Incarceration?, David Cole
Turning The Corner On Mass Incarceration?, David Cole
Georgetown Law Faculty Publications and Other Works
For the first time in forty years, the national incarceration rate is flattening out, even falling in state prisons. For the first time in three decades, the number of adults under any kind of correctional supervision—in prison or jail or on probation or parole—fell in 2009. At the same time, legal reforms that might have seemed impossible in prior years have increasingly been adopted, reducing penalties for certain crimes, eliminating mandatory sentencing for others, and increasing expenditures for reintegration of prisoners into society. And racial disparities, a persistent and deep-rooted problem in the American criminal justice system, after rising for …
Biomedical Research Involving Prisoners: Ethical Values And Legal Regulation, Lawrence O. Gostin
Biomedical Research Involving Prisoners: Ethical Values And Legal Regulation, Lawrence O. Gostin
Georgetown Law Faculty Publications and Other Works
Until the early 1970's, approximately 90% of all pharmaceutical research was conducted on prisoners, who were also subjected to biochemical research, including studies involving dioxin and chemical warfare agents. By the mid-1970's, biomedical research in prisons sharply declined as knowledge of the exploitation of prisoners began to emerge and the National Commission for the protection of Human Subjects of Biomedical Research was formed. Federal regulations to protect human subjects of research were established in 1974. Special protections for prisoners were added in 1978, severely limiting research involving prisoners. However, the US correctional system has undergone major changes since the adoption …