Law Commons^™

Real Property Law—Easements—Why Arkansas Should Adopt The Uniform Easement Relocation Act., Adam Conrady

University of Arkansas at Little Rock Law Review

No abstract provided.

Zoning And Land Use, Newton M. Galloway, Steven L. Jones, Joshua Williams

Mercer Law Review

Since 2017, this Georgia Survey of zoning law has annually chronicled judicial decisions transforming legislative zoning decisions into quasi-judicial actions, starting with City of Cumming v. Flowers, which held that a local government decision on a variance is quasi-judicial and may only be appealed by writ of certiorari. Subsequently, the Georgia Court of Appeals in York v. Athens College of Ministry held that consideration of a special/conditional use permit is also a quasi-judicial decision, thus extending the holding of City of Cumming. Though the appeal of a zoning decision has traditionally been de novo, York prohibited parties from …

Public Lands In Public Hands: Analysis Of The Underpinnings Of Utah’S Public Trust Doctrine, Brittany Bunker Thorley

BYU Law Review

Utah Lake, the largest freshwater lake in the third driest state, is a vital, yet underappreciated natural resource. In 2018, the Utah State Legislature passed the Utah Lake Restoration Act in an attempt to restore and enhance the lake’s ecological and recreational value. Yet the new law has been met with strong public resistance because it leaves the lake vulnerable to exploitation and further ecological degradation, a concern made real by a proposed development plan that would build a city of islands on top of the lake. Community members cite specific concerns about threats to native species, disruption of water …

W. Org. Res. Councils, Et Al. V. U.S. Bureau Of Land Mgmt., Sawyer J. Connelly, Sawyer J. Connelly

Public Land & Resources Law Review

The United States District Court for the District of Montana granted Plaintiffs summary judgment against BLM and the State of Wyoming. The court ruled that BLM violated NEPA and the APA because it failed to consider alternative leasing programs and the broad downstream impacts of coal, oil, and gas leasing in two Powder River Basin resource management plans. This decision followed WORC I & II, in which the court remanded the same plans to BLM to correct deficiencies. Following BLM’s revisions, Plaintiffs again sued in this case, arguing the revisions were still deficient under NEPA.

West Virginia V. Epa, Amanda Spear, Amanda Spear

Public Land & Resources Law Review

The EPA created the Clean Power Plan in an effort to reduce the amount of greenhouse gas emissions generated by coal-fired power plants. The EPA determined that the Best System of Emission Reduction for existing coal-fired power plants included generation shifting methods, meaning a shift from coal to cleaner sources. The Supreme Court held, under the major questions doctrine, that Congress had not intended for the EPA to use generation shifting methods for the Best System of Emission Reduction and that the EPA had exceeded its authority in doing so. This note will explore how the decision may impact administrative …

Infrastructure Sharing In Cities, Sheila Foster

Georgetown Law Faculty Publications and Other Works

In this Essay, I reflect on the different ways in which cities engaged in what I call “infrastructure sharing” during the COVID-19 pandemic. Cities around the world responded to the pandemic by repurposing their streets and sidewalks into outdoor seating, dining spaces, and car-free pedestrian corridors. At the same time, many cities and states also faced calls to “reclaim” underutilized public and private structures like empty houses and hotels and put them to a use responsive to the crisis. The Essay will highlight the difference between sharing property and assets that are part of the “public estate” and dedicated exclusively …

Molosoni Chipabwamba And 12 Other Displaced Village Owners V Yssel Enterprises Limited Appeal No.104/2020 (Zmca) 2022, Mwami Kabwabwa

SAIPAR Case Review

The issue of customary land tenure and customary land rights is an important issue that has serious implications on customary communities that occupy land under customary tenure. Considering the raising demand of customary land by both local and international investors the courts play an important role in protecting the interests and rights of customary communities and ensuring that such communities are not exploited in the alienation process of customary land and in the procedures of converting from customary tenure to statutory where it is necessary and where the benefits of converting to statutory tenure outweigh the benefits of customary tenure. …

Blocking Nature's Vulnerable Calls For Help: The Tenth Circuit Dials Into The Telecommunications Act's Federal Environmental Preemption Clause In Santa Fe Alliance V. City Of Santa Fe, Samantha Speiss

Villanova Environmental Law Journal

No abstract provided.

The Clean Water Act: Wading Back Into Muddy Interpretations, Kord Wilkerson

Mississippi College Law Review

“Fresh water: everything that lives on land, animal or plant, depends upon it.” A necessity to our very livelihood, our nation’s waters must be protected. As concern grows over Earth’s stability, and environmental issues in particular, clean water has been at the forefront of this Gordian knot. To mitigate our nation’s impact on water cleanliness, state organizations, environmental activists, and the Environmental Protection Agency have joined forces in an effort to create and enforce environmental protection.

These water quality efforts, however, have not come without struggle. The creation, enforcement, and efficiency of legislation to mitigate water pollution in certain water …

Conservation Options: Conservation Easements, Flexibility, And The "In Perpetuity" Requirement Of Irc § 170(H), Molly Teague

Vanderbilt Law Review

Conservation easements have been closely tied to tax incentives since the 1970s, when Congress passed legislation to encourage land preservation. In an attempt to balance the desire to conserve more land with the desire to prevent tax abuses, Congress later passed § 170(h) of the Internal Revenue Code, which requires that conservation easements be donated “in perpetuity” to be eligible for the federal tax deduction.

As climate change increases global temperatures, shifts migratory patterns, and causes sea levels to rise, conservation easements’ ability to adapt to changing circumstances must also become part of Congress’s balancing equation. This Note evaluates the …

Something Stinks: The Need For Stronger Agricultural Waste Regulations, Audrey Curelop

Washington and Lee Law Review

In the twentieth century, the American agricultural industry underwent significant changes—while most food animals were once raised on small family farms, now, over fifty percent are produced entirely inside concentrated animal feeding operations. These large‑scale farming operations house hundreds to thousands of cows, swine, or chickens, which collectively produce hundreds of millions of tons of waste per year. The primary method of waste disposal is land application, a process in which waste is sprayed or spread onto land with no required pretreatment. After land application, waste byproducts make their way into the surrounding air and waterways, posing significant threats to …

Agricultural Carbon: The Land, Landowner, And Farmer, Barclay Rogers

Journal of Food Law & Policy

Carbon is certainly a hot topic in agriculture. Across the countryside, farmers, landowners, agricultural service providers, and many others are trying to understand what carbon is about and what it may mean to them. One of the more interesting topics around agricultural carbon concerns the relationship between the landowner and tenant farmers on absentee-owned land (i.e., land that is farmed by someone other than the person who owns it). This article provides a brief background on the agricultural carbon opportunity and explores some ideas about how to pursue the opportunity on absentee-owned farmland.

Municipalities Could Provide Valuable Second-Life Uses Of Electric Vehicle Li-Ion Batteries While Legislators And Manufacturers Refine Safe Recycling And Disposal Practices, Heather D. Stewart

Environmental and Earth Law Journal (EELJ)

As consumers are embracing emerging electric vehicles (EVs) as an important step to take in combating climate change, the reality is that the EV solution has some serious short-term issues to address, especially when evaluating the lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) that power most EVs. This comment first discusses the potential problems associated with the lack of recycling and disposal technology as well as regulations that are available for EV LIBs. Even though consumers and regulators alike are supportive that fossil fuel-burning internal combustion engines need to be replaced with cleaner transportation options such as EVs, policies, and proclamations are still subject …

Addressing The Disproportionate Adverse Health Effects Among Bipoc Communities As A Result Of Environmental Racism, Lindsay M. Farbent

Environmental and Earth Law Journal (EELJ)

This article examines factors that contribute to the negative health impacts on Black Americans, other minorities, and low-income communities that are living in areas with high levels of air pollution, toxic waste, and environmental hazards. First, this article assesses the role of historical residential redlining on the segregation of BIPOC neighborhoods. Furthermore, the article addresses gaps in both federal and state environmental laws that allow facilities to keep obtaining permits and polluting in BIPOC and primarily low-income neighborhoods. Moreover, the article explains the higher rates of trauma, stress, and stress-related illnesses among BIPOC communities exposed to high levels of environmental …

Is Bitcoin The New Gold? The Two May Be More Similar Than You Think, Including Their Value, Uses, And Deleterious Effects On The Environment, Justin Allen

Environmental and Earth Law Journal (EELJ)

In the 1850s, the Gold Rush started in the United States, and in 2010, an analogous phenomenon, the Cryptoboom, began. Similar to the Gold Rush, Bitcoin’s initial boom was marred by the deleterious effects that mining for valuable coins had on the environment, but there are steps that can be taken to mitigate the negative effect cryptocurrencies have on the environment. Cryptocurrencies, including Bitcoin and the blockchain technology that powers cryptocurrencies, have been widely embraced by many people, corporations, and even entire governments for a multitude of reasons. Some have embraced the fruits of blockchain to use as a decentralized …

Miami Is Setting The Expectation On How Coastal Communities In Florida Should Respond To Protect Homeowners From The Sinking State, Dayana B. Blanco

Environmental and Earth Law Journal (EELJ)

This note begins by explaining what environmental factors are causing the sea level rise to increase at just a rapid pace and how coastal communities are ultimately affected. Because Florida is a slice of paradise within the states, it causes the population to increase vastly. Thus, millions of homeowners could face tragic consequences, such as total inundation of residential homes, flooding within the community, and a drastic decrease in home value. In response to this natural disaster, in 2021, Governor Ron DeSantis passed Senate Bill 1954 into law, which requires the Department of Environmental Protection to complete a statewide flood …

Congress Invests In A New Generation: The Future Of Commercial Fishing Is Supported By The Implementation Of The Young Fishermen’S Development Act, Shayla Alltop

Environmental and Earth Law Journal (EELJ)

This note speaks to the importance and potential impact of the Young Fishermen’s Development Act. This ongoing, historical legislation, ultimately signed into law on January 5, 2021, will establish funds over several fiscal years to support the future of commercial fishing. The Alaska and New England regions are discussed briefly to show the significance of the commercial fishing industry to those areas. An overview of the Act is provided, and the context for its need is explained as it relates to the industry’s entrants. Further, the phenomenon known as “graying of the fleet” is examined, as well as some of …

Issue Brief: Impact Assessment And Responsible Business Guidance Tools In The Extractive Sector: An Environmental Human Rights Toolbox For Government, Business, Civil Society & Indigenous Groups, Sara L. Seck, Penelope Simmons, Charlotte Connolly

Responsible Business Conduct and Impact Assessment Law

This issue brief provides an overview of the impact assessment and responsible business conduct toolbox for the extractive sector. The toolbox provides guidance on how governments, businesses, civil society, and Indigenous groups may encourage and adopt a human rights approach to impact assessment (IA). It forms part of a broader research project aimed at highlighting the interrelationship between IA laws and Responsible Business Conduct (RBC) tools, funded by the Social Sciences & Humanities Research Council (SSHRC) Knowledge Synthesis Grant: Informing Best Practices in Environmental & Impact Assessments (the “KSG”).

Law, Labour And Landscape In A Just Transition, Adrian A. Smith, Dayna Nadine Scott

Articles & Book Chapters

Taking conflicts over new solar energy projects on the agricultural landscape in the global North as its backdrop, the chapter demonstrates how work and labour (including that performed in the North by workers from the global South) are erased both by the opponents and the proponents of such projects. The erasure is consistent with prevailing ways of knowing the human-environment nexus, shaped by an underlying political economy derivative of how international law has constructed and maintained the foundational liberal mythology that separates labour from land. Grounded in our commitment to pursuing a ‘just transition’ to decarbonisation – that is to …

Brigham-Kanner Property Rights Journal, Volume 11, William & Mary Law School

Brigham-Kanner Property Rights Journal

The Role of Empirical Research

September 30-October 1, 2021

Panel 1: The Role of Empirical Research in Defining the Scope of Constitutionally Protected Property Rights: A Tribute to Been

Panel 2: The Relationship Between Eminent Domain and Social and Racial Injustice

Panel 3: The Interdependence of Property and First Amendment Rights

Panel 4: The Distributional Implications of Land Use Regulation

Streaming Property, Lee Anne Fennell

Northwestern University Law Review

People acquire property rights in objects and real estate in order to capture the stream of services that these assets can provide over time. The thing or parcel itself is merely a delivery mechanism, a way of packaging and protecting rights to that value stream. And, significantly, these assets cannot stream services to anyone without a set of facilitating conditions and complementary goods, such as public infrastructure, that do not lie within the asset owner’s individual control. This Essay argues that we can gain fresh traction on inequality by recasting property as service streams rather than as owned things. Doing …

Affirmative Policy Sebagai Bentuk Diskriminasi Positif Dalam Perolehan Hak Milik Atas Tanah Bagi Warga Negara Indonesia Keturunan Nonpribumi Di Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta, Fachriza C. Limuris

"Dharmasisya” Jurnal Program Magister Hukum FHUI

The privileges of the Special Region of Yogyakarta which are affirmed in Law Number 13 of 2012 directly give authority over land matters. The problem that occurs is that it is not possible for Indonesian citizens of non-indigenous descent to obtain land ownership rights based on the Instruction of the Head of the DIY Region Number K.898/I/A/1975 regarding the Uniform Policy on the Granting of Land Rights to a non-Indigenous Indonesian citizen. This study aims to determine the ownership of land rights in Yogyakarta in terms of history, then to examine the concept of justice related to land ownership rights …

Book Review: Creating Indigenous Property: Power, Rights, And Relationships, F. Tim Knight

Librarian Publications & Presentations

No abstract provided.

A Legal Map Of New Local Parkland, Daniel B. Rosenbaum

Marquette Law Review

Public parks play consequential roles in local communities. Parks can raise property values, encourage or inhibit sprawl, and promote health, safety, and social cohesion. The decision to create a park affects development in the surrounding area and dictates which residents can easily access the property’s new amenities—and which residents cannot.

Yet, public stakeholders are given few signposts in making and monitoring public park acquisitions. Data on new parkland is scarce; moreover, the legal framework undergirding the process is poorly understood and rarely explored, particularly at the local government level. Although local governments are America’s leading stewards and gatekeepers of public …

Pernyataan Keputusan Rapat Atas Pemberhentian Ketua Yayasan Am Pada Rapat Pembina Yang Cacat Hukum Berdasarkan Putusan Nomor 643/Pdt.P/2019/Pn.Dps, Siti Aisyah

Indonesian Notary

Akta Pernyataan Keputusan Rapat (disebut juga PKR) yang merupakan hasil dari notulen Rapat Pembina Yayasan AM yang dibuat di bawah tangan kemudian dituangkan dalam akta notaris. Dalam pembuatan akta pernyataan keputusan rapat tersebut notaris tidak ikut hadir dalam rapat dan hanya membuat akta berdasarkan risalah rapat dibawah tangan, maka notaris hanya bertanggung jawab sebatas formalitas bentuk dari akta yang dibuat para pihak yang menghadap. Notaris harus menjalankan jabatannya sesuai dengan ketentuan hukum yang berlaku dan harus mengetahui ketentuan mengenai perbuatan hukum yang akan dimuat dalam akta tersebut. Namun dalam praktiknya masih ada notaris yang melanggar hal tersebut sehingga menyebabkan akta …

Keabsahan Eksekusi Objek Hak Tanggungan Akibat Pandemi Covid-19 Dengan Menggunakan Titel Eksekutorial Pada Sertifikat Hak Tanggungan (Studi Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Nomor 21/Puu-Xviii/2020), Alrido Ahmad Hidayatullah

Indonesian Notary

Artikel ini membahas penerapan Force Majeure pada kondisi Pandemi COVID-19 berdasarkan Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Nomor 21/PUU-XVIII/2020), sehingga diperlukan kajian terhadap masalah tersebut dengan isu hukum yang dibahas adalah penerapan atas Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Nomor 21/PUU-XVIII/2020, dampak pandemi COVID-19 terhadap eksekusi Objek Hak Tanggungan, keabsahan dari eksekusi yang dilakukan oleh Bank dengan dasar Titel Eksekutorial pada kondisi Pandemi COVID-19. Metode yang digunakan adalah yuridis normatif, yaitu penelitian terhadap asas-asas hukum dengan menggunakan sumber hukum sekunder. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah dengan adanya putusan tersebut menyebabkan keambiguan pada Pasal 14 ayat (3) dan Pasal 20 ayat (1) UUHT dan tidak sesuai dengan …

Kewajiban Notaris Dalam Mengeluarkan Salinan Akta Pengakuan Hutang Yang Dibuat Tanpa Persetujuan Pasangan Kawin (Studi Putusan Pengadilan Tinggi Daerah Khusus Ibu Kota Jakarta No: 108/Pdt/2019/Pt.Dki), Putu Ameliagustina Awyadnyani

Indonesian Notary

This thesis discusses the Notary in case No. 108/PDT/2019/PT.DKI which made the deed not in accordance with the applicable provisions. In this case, in making the deed, the Notary did not ask for the approval of the spouses of the parties appearing, and the Notary also did not want to provide a copy of the deed. The issues raised are the validity of the deed and the notary's responsibilities, as well as the notary's obligation to provide services related to the issuance of a copy of the deed. The method used in this research is normative juridical research which refers …

Penetapan Asal Usul Anak Yang Lahir Di Luar Perkawinan Dan Akibat Hukumnya Ditinjau Berdasarkan Hukum Kekeluargaan Islam (Studi Kasus Penetapan Pengadilan Agama Jakarta Selatan Nomor: 298/Pdt.P/2020/Pa.Js), Wahyu Fajar Ramadhan

Indonesian Notary

Di masa sekarang ini masih banyak ditemui kasus perkawinan di bawah tangan dimana pernikahan hanya dilakukan berdasarkan ketentuan agama dan tidak mencatatkan pernikahan mereka kepada Pegawai Pencatat Nikah. Sebagai akibatnya anak yang lahir dari perkawinan tersebut tidak dapat dikatakan sebagai anak yang lahir dari perkawinan yang sah atau biasa disebut anak luar kawin. Masalah yang timbul adalah apabila terhadap anak luar kawin tersebut, demi kesejahteraannya, ingin diakui dan disahkan sebagai anak sah. Pengajuan permohonan penetapan asal-usul anak kepada pengadilan adalah salah satu upaya pengakuan dan pengesahan anak luar kawin oleh orang tua biologisnya agar dapat diakui sebagai anak sah dan …

Pertanggungjawaban Notaris Yang Menyuruh Memasukkan Keterangan Palsu Ke Dalam Akta Autentik (Studi Kasus Putusan Pengadilan Tinggi Semarang Nomor 83/Pid/2016/Pt Smg), Eka Putri Hardianti

Indonesian Notary

Penelitian ini membahas mengenai Putusan Pengadilan Tinggi Semarang Nomor 83/Pid/2016.PT SMG untuk menganalisis pertanggungjawab Notaris Ny. ER, SH,CN yang melakukan tidak pidana pemalsuan akta autentik, Notaris tersebut menyuruh memasukkan keterangan palsu dikenakan Pasal 266 ayat (1) KUHP. Serta perlindungan hukum Notaris RA, SH. M.Kn untuk kepentingan proses peradilan, dimana Notaris tersebut melakukan kelalaian dalam pembuatan akta autentik sehingga Notaris dihadirkan sebagai saksi dalam proses peradilan. Permasalahan dalam penelitian ini, yaitu yang pertama adalah pertanggungjawaban Notaris Ny. ER.SH.CN yang menyuruh memasukkan keterangan palsu dan perlindungan hukum Notaris RA, S.H. M.Kn yang melakukan kelalaian dalam pembuatan akta autentik pada putusan pengadilan yang …

Akibat Hukum Pembuatan Akta Pernyataan Pemilikan Bersama Yang Dibuat Secara Sepihak Oleh Suami (Analisis Putusan Pengadilan Negeri Sidoarjo Nomor 191/Pdt.G/2019/Pn.Sda Juncto Putusan Pengadilan Tinggi Surabaya Nomor 334/Pdt.G/2020/Pt.Sby), Fildzah Ghassani Hanun

Indonesian Notary

Penelitian ini membahas mengenai akibat hukum pembuatan akta pernyataan pemilikan bersama yang dibuat secara sepihak oleh suami. Pembuatan akta pernyataan pemilikan bersama dengan pihak lain atas harta bersama dalam perkawinan harus memperoleh persetujuan kedua belah pihak yaitu suami atau istri. Hal ini disebabkan menurut Pasal 36 ayat (1) Undang-Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 1974 tentang Perkawinan bahwa mengenai harta bersama, suami atau istri dapat bertindak atas persetujuan kedua belah pihak. Permasalahan yang diangkat dalam artikel ini adalah akibat hukum dari pembuatan akta pernyataan pemilikan bersama yang dibuat secara sepihak oleh suami. Permasalahan berikutnya adalah pertanggungjawaban Notaris atas pembuatan akta pernyataan pemilikan …