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Articles 1 - 22 of 22
Full-Text Articles in Law
Labor Law - Right Of Union To Deny Membership To Applicant, David N. Mills
Labor Law - Right Of Union To Deny Membership To Applicant, David N. Mills
Michigan Law Review
A condition of the closed-shop agreement between defendant labor union and a manufacturing concern required that all new employees of the company be members of the union or become such within twenty-one days. The company employed plaintiff, but discharged him shortly thereafter when the union refused to admit him to membership. Plaintiff sought either to enjoin the enforcement of the union contract as illegally tending toward a monopoly, or to compel the union to grant his application for membership. Held, defendant's demurrer sustained, because plaintiff's allegation of a general plan to monopolize the labor supply was a conclusion not …
Federal Intervention In Labor Disputes And Collective Bargaining-The Hutcheson Case, Ludwig Teller
Federal Intervention In Labor Disputes And Collective Bargaining-The Hutcheson Case, Ludwig Teller
Michigan Law Review
The very face of federal law governing labor unions and labor activities has been transformed by the recent holding by the United States Supreme Court in United States v. Hutcheson, that the Sherman, Clayton and Norris Acts must be read not separately but as "interlacing statutes," and that labor activity unenjoinable under the Norris Act is likewise and by the same token uncensurable under the Sherman Act. In so deciding, the high court has drastically affected the meaning of the Sherman Act, and the extent of its application to labor activities. New life has been given to the Clayton …
Labor Law - Jurisdictional Dispute - Validity Of Disposition By The A. F. Of L., Reed T. Phalan
Labor Law - Jurisdictional Dispute - Validity Of Disposition By The A. F. Of L., Reed T. Phalan
Michigan Law Review
Both the Brewery Workers Union and the Teamsters Union, members of the American Federation of Labor, demanded jurisdiction over drivers of brewery wagons and trucks. In 1933, the Federation decided the controversy in favor of the Teamsters Union. The Brewery Workers Union refused to abide by this decision and filed suit for an injunction to restrain the Teamsters Union and the Federation from carrying out the decision. The lower court granted the injunction, construing the certificate of participation granted the Brewery Workers Union by the Federation as giving a contract right of prior and exclusive jurisdiction over the disputed group …
Judgments - Declaratory Judgments - Use In Statutory Interpretation, Reid J. Hatfield
Judgments - Declaratory Judgments - Use In Statutory Interpretation, Reid J. Hatfield
Michigan Law Review
A mining company, subject to the Fair Labor Standards Act, brought an action against the United States District Attorney for Idaho for a declaratory judgment that it was not subject to threatened criminal prosecutions and penalties under the act. The company had not included the forty minutes allowed for lunch in estimating the number of hours worked by its employees. The employees and their labor union threatened to sue, claiming the lunch period was part of their working hours and that they were therefore to that extent required to work overtime without extra pay. The Department of Labor and the …
Labor Law- Fair Labor Standards Act- Right Of Employees To Waive Payment Of Award Of Back Wages, Spencer E. Irons
Labor Law- Fair Labor Standards Act- Right Of Employees To Waive Payment Of Award Of Back Wages, Spencer E. Irons
Michigan Law Review
In July, 1940, the Wage-Hour Administrator obtained a consent decree restraining defendant from violating the Fair Labor Standards Act, and a stipulation was filed which provided, among other things, that defendant should restore to its employees the difference between wages actually paid and the minimum wages which should have been paid under the act. Twelve of the fifteen employees in whose favor the award was made endorsed over the checks which they received with out obtaining any actual cash, and executed releases for the amounts due to them. In the present proceeding, the administrator sought a rule to show cause …
Labor Law - Appropriate Bargaining Unit - Appropriateness Of Multiple-Plant Unit Where Majority In One Plant Oppose Such Unit, Oliver B. Crager
Labor Law - Appropriate Bargaining Unit - Appropriateness Of Multiple-Plant Unit Where Majority In One Plant Oppose Such Unit, Oliver B. Crager
Michigan Law Review
The Pittsburgh Plate Glass Co., a Pennsylvania corporation, had six plants in its plate glass division located in five scattered states. In 1938 a C. I. O. affiliate filed a charge with the National Labor Relations Board that the company had violated the National Labor Relations Act by dominating and interfering with a company union at the Missouri plant. The company union was not a party to the proceeding. The company consented to a stipulation and consent decree directing it to cease and desist from dominating or recognizing the company union. Shortly thereafter in certification proceedings, the board held that …
Labor Law - National Labor Relations Act - Employer's Refusal To Hire A Union Member As An "Unfair Labor Practice", Oliver B. Crager
Labor Law - National Labor Relations Act - Employer's Refusal To Hire A Union Member As An "Unfair Labor Practice", Oliver B. Crager
Michigan Law Review
Following a strike at respondent corporation which had started prior to the effective date of the National Labor Relations Act, the respondent refused to hire two men who had ceased to be in its employ before the strike but who sought employment after its close. The National Labor Relations Board, finding that the men had been refused employment because of their affiliations with a union and hence that the respondent had violated section 8(3) of the act, ordered the corporation to offer the two men employment and also ordered reimbursement for the loss of pay, minus actual earnings in the …
Labor Law - Power Of The Nlrb To Order Employer To Reimburse Employees For Sums Deducted From Their Wages To Support An Employer-Dominated Union, Michigan Law Review
Labor Law - Power Of The Nlrb To Order Employer To Reimburse Employees For Sums Deducted From Their Wages To Support An Employer-Dominated Union, Michigan Law Review
Michigan Law Review
Defendant was engaged in a business affecting interstate commerce and was found by the National Labor Relations Board to have dominated and interfered with the administration of an employees' association. The board ordered defendant to reimburse its employees for sums deducted from their wages for association dues and assessments since the effective date of the National Labor Relations Act. The board petitioned to enforce the order. Held, a reimbursement of the money paid to the association by means of the checkoff was not authorized by the statute, and would violate the fundamental principles of equity. The dissenting judge contended …
The Present Status Of Collective Contracts In The American Legal System, Arthur Lenhoff
The Present Status Of Collective Contracts In The American Legal System, Arthur Lenhoff
Michigan Law Review
Can it be that less than a score of years has elapsed since Schlesinger v. Quinto pointed out the difference between employment contracts and collective contracts? And yet in that short period the various objections recurrently raised regarding the enforceability of these contracts, such as lack of consideration and of mutuality as well as the dictate of the "personal service" rule, came to be disregarded. At a time when employers are not only obliged to bargain collectively but also, after reaching an agreement, to reduce it to writing, reminiscences of the "custom" doctrine must, indeed, resemble the frozen sounds in …
Labor Law - Unincorporated Unions As Entities For The Purpose Of Being Made Parties Defendant, Rex B. Martin
Labor Law - Unincorporated Unions As Entities For The Purpose Of Being Made Parties Defendant, Rex B. Martin
Michigan Law Review
Union officials wrongfully discharged plaintiffs from the union. Plaintiffs, being unable to procure employment in a "closed-shop" trade, asked for a writ of mandamus to direct defendants, as representatives of the association, to reinstate plaintiffs and recompense them for damages suffered. Held, that a reinstatement order and a damage judgment against the union should be granted. Nissen v. International Brotherhood of Teamsters, etc., (Iowa, 1941) 295 N. W. 858.
The Evolution Of The "Duty To Bargain" Concept In American Law, Russell A. Smith
The Evolution Of The "Duty To Bargain" Concept In American Law, Russell A. Smith
Michigan Law Review
Promotion of collective bargaining appears to be a governmental policy borne of the travails of economic emergency during World War I, though it was somewhat foreshadowed by the earlier attempt in the Erdman Act of 1898 to outlaw the "yellow-dog'' contract. It first gained recognition by certain of the individual branches of the administration II and was subsequently suggested as an over-all policy, along with recognition of the right of self-organization and other principles, by the War Labor Conference Board. This board was appointed in January, 1918, by the Secretary of Labor and consisted of nominees of the National Industrial …
Administrative Law - National Labor Relations Board - Permissible Scope Of Cease And Desist Orders, Rex B. Martin
Administrative Law - National Labor Relations Board - Permissible Scope Of Cease And Desist Orders, Rex B. Martin
Michigan Law Review
The National Labor Relations Board found that the Express Publishing Company had refused to bargain collectively. Thereupon the board issued an order requiring the company: (1) to cease and desist refusing to bargain collectively; and (2) to cease and desist in any manner interfering with, restraining, or coercing its employees in the exercise of their rights to self-organization, to form, join, or assist labor organizations of their own choosing, and to engage in concerted activities for the purposes of collective bargaining or other mutual aid and protection as guaranteed in section 7 of the National Labor Relations Act. The circuit …
Labor Law-Reinstatement Of Sit-Down Strikers Not Formally Discharged By The Employer, Walter B. Connolly
Labor Law-Reinstatement Of Sit-Down Strikers Not Formally Discharged By The Employer, Walter B. Connolly
Michigan Law Review
A one-day sit-down strike occurred in the employer's plant on March 16, 1937. A general strike was called on the following day and lasted until June 24, 1937. On March 25, 1937, the employer sent a notice to all employees including the "sit-downers" urging them to return to work. The National Labor Relations Board found the company guilty of various unfair labor practices, all of which occurred during the general strike, and ordered a reinstatement of all employees who were on strike March 23, 1937, with back pay and full seniority rights. Petitioner asserted that the men who engaged in …
Labor Law - National Labor Relations Act - Necessity Of A Written Contract To Meet Requirement Of Good Faith Collective Bargaining, Rex B. Martin
Labor Law - National Labor Relations Act - Necessity Of A Written Contract To Meet Requirement Of Good Faith Collective Bargaining, Rex B. Martin
Michigan Law Review
Having found that the petitioner, by refusing to sign an agreement reached with the union, was refusing to bargain collectively, the National Labor Relations Board ordered it to bargain by signing a written agreement. The Circuit Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit directed enforcement of the board's order. On certiorari to that court, held that the board's order should be enforced. H.J. Heinz Co. v. National Labor Relations Board, (U. S. 1941) 61 S. Ct. 320, affirming (C. C. A. 6th, 1940) 110 F. (2d) 843.
Labor Law-National Labor Relations Act-Elections - What Constitutes A Majority, Charles D. Johnson
Labor Law-National Labor Relations Act-Elections - What Constitutes A Majority, Charles D. Johnson
Michigan Law Review
Three mills, all under the same management and represented by the same bargaining agents, were ordered by the National Labor Relations Board to desist from refusing to bargain with the Textile Workers' Organizing Committee. On application by the board to the court for a decree enforcing the order, the company claimed that the committee was not the lawful bargaining agency at the material dates. The T. W. O. C. had been certified by the board after an election in which a majority of the employees voted and a bare majority of these voted for the committee. In no instance were …
Labor Law - Constitutional Law - National Labor Relations Act- Right Of Employer To Disparage Labor Unions And To Advise His Employees Against Joining Them, William C. Wetherbee
Labor Law - Constitutional Law - National Labor Relations Act- Right Of Employer To Disparage Labor Unions And To Advise His Employees Against Joining Them, William C. Wetherbee
Michigan Law Review
In the spring of 1937 the respondent distributed anti-union literature to its employees. Some of the material specifically denied any design on the part of the employer to prevent the employees from joining a union, and none of the literature pretended to be more than the advice and opinions of the employer. Nevertheless, the unions were thoroughly condemned as rackets, controlled by Communists, which deprive the workingman of his economic freedom and force him to pay for the privilege of working. The National Labor Relations Board found that the distribution of this literature interfered with, restrained, and coerced the employees …
Labor Law - Existence Of Labor Dispute Under Norris-La Guardia Act - Relation Of Norris-La Guardia Act To Sherman Act, Philip W. Buchen
Labor Law - Existence Of Labor Dispute Under Norris-La Guardia Act - Relation Of Norris-La Guardia Act To Sherman Act, Philip W. Buchen
Michigan Law Review
Action was brought in a federal court to enjoin the Chicago local of the A. F. of L. Mille Wagon Drivers' Union from picketing and committing acts of violence in violation of the Sherman Act against retail stores that sold milk produced out of the state, processed by the plaintiff dairies and distributed by "vendors" belonging to the plaintiff C. I. O. union of dairy workers. "Vendors" were individuals owning their own trucks who purchased milk from the dairies and sold it to the retail stores, which charged prices lower than those charged for milk supplied by dairies employing the …
Labor Law -- Injunctions -- Permissible Objects Of Strikes -- Prevention Of Use Of Labor-Saving Devices, Reed T. Phalan
Labor Law -- Injunctions -- Permissible Objects Of Strikes -- Prevention Of Use Of Labor-Saving Devices, Reed T. Phalan
Michigan Law Review
Plaintiff, a travelling grand opera troupe, used recordings for orchestral accompaniment. The American Federation of Musicians opposed use of mechanically reproduced music wherever orchestras could be hired, and, in support of such opposition, the stagehands' union forbade its members to work for plaintiff. As a result, since most of the theaters throughout the country were "closed shop" theaters, plaintiff's business was greatly restricted: Plaintiff brought an action for an injunction against the musician's union and the stagehands' union, and the lower court granted the injunction. Held, in a three-two decision, the stagehands' union had sufficient direct interest to act …
Jurisdiction Of Employee Suits Under The Fair Labor Standards Act, George W. Crockett Jr.
Jurisdiction Of Employee Suits Under The Fair Labor Standards Act, George W. Crockett Jr.
Michigan Law Review
The statutory authority for employee suits under the Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938 is found in section 16(b). Suits under this section have been instituted in both state and federal courts. In practically every case the defendant has, by a motion to dismiss, challenged the jurisdiction of the court. The usual ground for the challenge in the state courts is that such suits seek to recover penalties incurred under a statute of the United States, and are, therefore, within the exclusive jurisdiction of the district courts of the United States. The jurisdiction of the federal district courts is generally …
Labor Law - The Apex Decision And Its Effect On The Application Of The Sherman Act To Activities Of Labor Unions, Philip W. Buchen
Labor Law - The Apex Decision And Its Effect On The Application Of The Sherman Act To Activities Of Labor Unions, Philip W. Buchen
Michigan Law Review
Labor made a bold attempt in the case of Apex Hosiery Company v. Leader to procure a determination by the Supreme Court that labor organizations and their activities are exempt from the Sherman Act. The act, having survived this attack, presumably remains a potential weapon against labor unions. However, the Court by its decision has rejected a theory that the Sherman Act should be expanded on the principles of the Wagner Act decisions, has imposed a new restriction upon its application, and has opened the way for developments which will have substantially the effect of excluding labor unions from its …
Labor Law - Fair Labor Standards Act - Tips Not Considered Wages In Computing Statutory Minimum, Reed T. Phalan
Labor Law - Fair Labor Standards Act - Tips Not Considered Wages In Computing Statutory Minimum, Reed T. Phalan
Michigan Law Review
After the enactment of the Fair Labor Standards Act, defendant terminal company adopted the so-called "make up" plan towards its redcap station porters. Under the plan, tips received by redcaps could, as formerly, be retained by them; in addition the redcap would report to the defendant the amounts received in tips, and the defendant would make up the deficiency if the tips did not aggregate the minimum legal wage. After the plan had been in operation for a time, plaintiff, agent and representative of the redcaps, brought suit for the difference between the amounts paid by the defendant and the …
Walsh-Healey Public Contracts Act - Right Of Prospective Bidder To Question Wage Determination Of Secretary Of Labor, David Loeb
Michigan Law Review
Complainants, small steel companies in eastern Pennsylvania, Maryland and Connecticut, brought this action to enjoin the secretary of labor and others from applying the provisions of the Public Contracts Act, as construed, to the iron and steel industry. It was contended that the secretary's wage determination was the result of an erroneous interpretation of the word "locality" as included in the act. The district court dismissed the complaint. Upon appeal the Court of Appeals of the District of Columbia granted the injuction. On certiorari, held, reversed. The complainants have no standing in court to sue. Perkins v. Lukens Steel …