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Ambiguities And Absences: Occupational Health And Safety Regulation Of Platform-Mediated Work In Ontario, Canada, Eric Tucker
Ambiguities And Absences: Occupational Health And Safety Regulation Of Platform-Mediated Work In Ontario, Canada, Eric Tucker
Articles & Book Chapters
Platform-mediated work, whether location-based, as in the case of Uber, or cloud-based, as in the case of Amazon Mechanical Turk, poses severe challenges to effective occupational health and safety (OHS) regulation. While the work performed in the platform environment is not usually very different from work performed in more traditional employment settings, the platform environment often exacerbates those risks by, for example, increasing stress and incentivizing long hours and work intensification. Regulating these hazards is impeded by ambiguities surrounding the legal relationship between platform operators and platform workers that make it uncertain whether the OHS regime even applies. As well …
Class Crimes: Master And Servant Laws And Factories Acts In Industrializing Britain And (Ontario) Canada, Eric Tucker, Judy Fudge
Class Crimes: Master And Servant Laws And Factories Acts In Industrializing Britain And (Ontario) Canada, Eric Tucker, Judy Fudge
Articles & Book Chapters
This chapter compares the historical development and use of criminal law at work in the United Kingdom and in Ontario, Canada. Specifically, it considers the use of the criminal law both in the master and servant regime as an instrument for disciplining the workforce and in factory legislation for protecting workers from unhealthy and unsafe working conditions, including exceedingly long hours work. Master and servant legislation that criminalized servant breaches of contract originated in the United Kingdom where it was widely used in the nineteenth century to discipline industrial workers. These laws were partially replicated in Ontario, where it had …
Regulating Strikes In Essential Services - Canada, Eric Tucker
Regulating Strikes In Essential Services - Canada, Eric Tucker
Articles & Book Chapters
This chapter was written as a part of a comparative law project examining the regulation of strikes in essential services. It describes and analyses Canada's experience with strikes in essential services, including the historical development of essential service strike regulation, Canada's shifting understanding of essentiality and, most recently, the implications of constitutional labour rights, including the right to strike, for essential service strike regulation. It also looks at the law in action through a consideration of the application of these laws in their specific contest.
Using Tickets In Employment Standards Inspections: Deterrence As Effective Enforcement In Ontario, Canada?, Rebecca Casey, Eric Tucker, Leah F. Vosko, Andrea M. Noack
Using Tickets In Employment Standards Inspections: Deterrence As Effective Enforcement In Ontario, Canada?, Rebecca Casey, Eric Tucker, Leah F. Vosko, Andrea M. Noack
Articles & Book Chapters
It is widely agreed that there is a crisis in labour/employment standards enforcement. A key issue is the role of deterrence measures that penalise violations. Employment standards enforcement in Ontario, like in most jurisdictions, is based mainly on a compliance framework promoting voluntary resolution of complaints and, if that fails, ordering restitution. Deterrence measures that penalise violations are rarely invoked. However, the Ontario government has recently increased the role of proactive inspections and tickets, a low-level deterrence measure which imposes fines of $295 plus victim surcharges. In examining the effectiveness of the use of tickets in inspections, we begin by …
'In A Settled Country, Everyone Must Eat': Four Questions About Transnational Private Regulation, Migration, And Migrant Work, Amar Bhatia
Articles & Book Chapters
This introduction speaks to one of the questions raised by transnational private regulation: is migration always transnational? One quick answer to this question might be ‘no’. If migration is concerned with the international movement of people, then what has been called the approach of methodological nationalism would force out the ‘trans-‐’ and always substitute the international. Since methodological nationalism is an approach characterized by an overdue emphasis on states and their external borders as the sole arbiters for what registers as movement, then this answer would not surprise anyone. However, if we do not take a monopolistic approach to borders, …
Who’S Running The Road?: Street Railway Strikes And The Problem Of Constructing A Liberal Capitalist Order In Canada, 1886-1914, Eric Tucker
Articles & Book Chapters
Street railway strikes in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries were frequently the occasion for large-scale collective violence in North American cities and challenged the capacity of local authorities to maintain civic order. However, this was only the most visible manifestation of the challenge that street railway workers’ collective action posed to the order of liberal capitalism, an order constructed on several intersecting dimensions. Using the example of Canadian street railway workers from 1886 to 1914, a period of rapid urbanization and industrialization, this article explores the ways the collective action by workers and their community sympathizers challenged the …