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In favor of more objective factors present in such offenses. A promising alternative is the criminalization of conduct that is intended to cause (or risk) intimidation or terror of an identifiable group. That alternative avoids the possibility of First Amendment problems and is consistent with mainstream criminal law theory by punishing an actor according to the extent of the harm caused
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Hate Crimes: Crimes Of Motive, Character, Or Group Terror?, Paul H. Robinson
Hate Crimes: Crimes Of Motive, Character, Or Group Terror?, Paul H. Robinson
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hate crimes, criminal liability