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The Shipping Act Of 1984: Bringing The United States In Harmony With International Shipping Practices, Martha L. Cecil
The Shipping Act Of 1984: Bringing The United States In Harmony With International Shipping Practices, Martha L. Cecil
Penn State International Law Review
To place the Shipping Act of 1984 in context, this Comment begins by outlining the development of ocean liner conferences and the economics of liner operations. It then describes the changes in case law that increased foreign carriers' exposure to antitrust liability and caused foreign governments to enact retaliatory blocking statutes in an effort to protect their nationals from the extraterritorial application of United States laws. The major portion of the Comment then analyzes the Shipping Act of 1984 and compares the provisions that are responsive to international shipping practices with those that remain in conflict with generally accepted shipping …
Export Trade Certificates Of Review: Will Efficacy Be Permitted?, John A. Maher, Nancy J. Lamont
Export Trade Certificates Of Review: Will Efficacy Be Permitted?, John A. Maher, Nancy J. Lamont
Penn State International Law Review
A vital concept explicit in the Export Trading Company Act (ETCA) and implicit in its Title III is that the time has come for American export cartelism. This is in response to a world in which international trading does not routinely honor the competition principles to which the United States ordinarliy adheres. Despite various successful and unsuccessful attempts, it is not America's job to reform the world. It is foolish to expect American companies to compete in world markets on terms other than those which govern their competitors.