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Articles 1 - 30 of 50
Full-Text Articles in Law
Co-Developing Drugs With Indigenous Communities: Lessons From Peruvian Law And The Ayahuasca Patent Dispute, Daniel S. Sem
Co-Developing Drugs With Indigenous Communities: Lessons From Peruvian Law And The Ayahuasca Patent Dispute, Daniel S. Sem
Richmond Journal of Law & Technology
This paper will examine the issues surrounding the codevelopment of drugs derived from traditional medicines used by indigenous peoples in Amazonia, with a focus on Peru. In particular, this paper will explore what national, regional and international legal structures are in place to protect the interests of indigenous peoples, while at the same time providing medical benefit to the world. This issue is explored in the context of Peruvian, U.S., and international treaties – especially the TRIPS agreement, the Andean Community, sui generis protections, and the US-Peru Trade Promotion Agreement.
Mastering A Two-Edged Sword: Lessons From The Rules And Litigation On Safeguards In The World Trade Organization, Julien Chaisse, Debashis Chakraborty, Animesh Kumar
Mastering A Two-Edged Sword: Lessons From The Rules And Litigation On Safeguards In The World Trade Organization, Julien Chaisse, Debashis Chakraborty, Animesh Kumar
Richmond Journal of Global Law & Business
No abstract provided.
Of Trucks, Trains, & Ships: Relative Liability In Multimodal Shipping, Amir H. Khoury
Of Trucks, Trains, & Ships: Relative Liability In Multimodal Shipping, Amir H. Khoury
Richmond Journal of Global Law & Business
No abstract provided.
An Uneasy Balance: Personal Information And Crowdfunding Under The Jobs Act, Brice Kindred
An Uneasy Balance: Personal Information And Crowdfunding Under The Jobs Act, Brice Kindred
Richmond Journal of Law & Technology
“Crowdfunding” is the raising of small amounts of money from many different sources for a particular purpose. Today, this usually takes place online.2 Crowdfunding has become a popular means of raising funds for a wide variety of projects, causes, and business ventures. Websites like Kickstarter, Indiegogo, and Crowdfunder allow people to create a profile for their project and solicit contributions from the general public in support.
Universal Anti-Bribery Legislation Can Save International Business: A Comparison Of The Fcpa And The Ukba In An Attempt To Create Universal Legislation To Combat Bribery Around The Globe, Lindsey Hills
Richmond Journal of Global Law & Business
No abstract provided.
The Reasonable Information Security Program, Peter Sloan
The Reasonable Information Security Program, Peter Sloan
Richmond Journal of Law & Technology
Our information inhabits a perilous world. Cyber theft, cyber extortion, mobile device loss, misappropriation of confidential business information, and unauthorized disclosures of protected information are real and present dangers for organizations of all sizes and across all industries.
Legal Stability Contracts In Colombia: An Appropriate Incentive For Investments? Historical Causes And Impact Analysis Of Law 963 To 2005, Alvaro Pereira
Legal Stability Contracts In Colombia: An Appropriate Incentive For Investments? Historical Causes And Impact Analysis Of Law 963 To 2005, Alvaro Pereira
Richmond Journal of Global Law & Business
Current global economic order is openly dependent on foreign direct investment (FDI). At least since the 1990’s, developing countries have competed to attract FDI because it is considered the best source of technology, employment, and financial resources. Colombian Law 963 of 2005, which is a response to said competition, allows the signature of Legal Stability Contracts (LSCs) between the State and investors for the purpose of stabilizing the rules guiding investment decisions, for up to 20 years. Legal stabilization has successfully proven to increase FDI inflows. Nevertheless, incentives for FDI have been subject to several critiques that stress the excess …
Deepening Confidence In The Application Of Cisg To The Sales Agreements Between The United States And Japanese Companies, Yoshimochi Taniguchi
Deepening Confidence In The Application Of Cisg To The Sales Agreements Between The United States And Japanese Companies, Yoshimochi Taniguchi
Richmond Journal of Global Law & Business
Parties to contracts between U.S. and Japanese companies usually agree to exclude the application of the United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods (“CISG”) from the sales agreement due to concerns about how the CISG will be interpreted and/or incompatibility with U.S. or Japanese law or both. In this paper, the author will suggest that the more countries amend their laws in accordance with CISG standards and the more national courts develop a unified interpretation of the CISG, the more the CISG will represent harmonized law, and as such, contracting parties should not exclude it.
This …
Legal Services In India: Is There An Obligation Under The Gats Or Are There Policy Reasons For India To Open Its Legal Services Market To Foreign Legal Consultants?, Arno L. Eisen
Richmond Journal of Global Law & Business
No abstract provided.
Beyond Labor Rights: Which Core Human Rights Must Regional Trade Agreements Protect?, Stephen Joseph Powell, Trisha Low
Beyond Labor Rights: Which Core Human Rights Must Regional Trade Agreements Protect?, Stephen Joseph Powell, Trisha Low
Richmond Journal of Global Law & Business
As World Trade Organization (“WTO”) Members relentlessly pursue new regional trade agreements to achieve even faster economic growth than the extraordinary numbers posted by global trade rules, the smaller number of parties and their greater cultural affinity have led negotiators to address the intersection of trade and human rights to an extent unparalleled in the culturally disparate and near-unmanageable, 150-plus member WTO itself. These new provisions have used trade’s huge power to improve worker rights, secure environmental protections, and make initial inroads toward defending indigenous populations from trade’s adverse effects. Employing the perspectives both of trade negotiators and students of …
The Silver Lining In The Red Giant: China's Residential Mortgage Laws Promote Temperance Among The Surging Middle Class, Clayton D. Laforge
The Silver Lining In The Red Giant: China's Residential Mortgage Laws Promote Temperance Among The Surging Middle Class, Clayton D. Laforge
University of Richmond Law Review
This comment examines the rise of China's middle class and proactive governance to protect its economy from a housing bubble during the global downturn. An analysis of recently enacted Chinese labor and corporate laws demonstrates how the government facilitated the rise of the middle class. The comment discusses the ramifications of strict domestic residential mortgage regulations and how China's tempered investment structure secured its domestic housing market. Part II of this comment examines China's investment and consumption patterns compared to domestic growth. Part III discusses how the surging middle class grew to seek investment opportunities in the real estate market …
The North American Free Trade Agreemetn: Looking At The Binational Panel System Through The Lens Of Free Enterpresie Fund, John J. Garman, Matthew K. Bell
The North American Free Trade Agreemetn: Looking At The Binational Panel System Through The Lens Of Free Enterpresie Fund, John J. Garman, Matthew K. Bell
Richmond Journal of Global Law & Business
This paper examines the constitutionality of the binational panels of the North American Free Trade Agreement (“NAFTA”) under the United States Constitution. Part I provides an overview of the binational panel process. Part II outlines the process for challenging the constitutionality of binational panels and the obstacles that must be overcome. Part III discusses possible violations of the Due Process Clause. Part IV analyzes the constitutionality of binational panels under Article II of the United States Constitution. Part V examines the constitutional implications of Article III with respect to the absence of judicial review. Part VI is a case-by-case analysis …
A Critical Look At The Anti-Counterfeiting Trade Agreement, David M. Quinn
A Critical Look At The Anti-Counterfeiting Trade Agreement, David M. Quinn
Richmond Journal of Law & Technology
On October 23, 2007, the United States announced an initiative to strengthen intellectual property enforcement measures within the international community via the Anti-Counterfeiting Trade Agreement (“ACTA”). During the following years, eleven rounds of negotiations among as many parties culminated in a finalized text released on December 3, 2010. The dialogue occurred outside the purview of existing bodies such as the WIPO and WTO. The ACTA now awaits acceptance following the March 31, 2011 commencement of the ratification period. It will enter into force thirty days following the sixth formal approval.
Hostile Takeover Bids In Japan? Understanding Convergence Using The Layered Approach, Michael Cody
Hostile Takeover Bids In Japan? Understanding Convergence Using The Layered Approach, Michael Cody
Richmond Journal of Global Law & Business
No abstract provided.
Enhancing The Wto Tool Kit: The Case For Financial Compensation, Rebecca Ullman
Enhancing The Wto Tool Kit: The Case For Financial Compensation, Rebecca Ullman
Richmond Journal of Global Law & Business
World Trade Organization Dispute Settlement Understanding 160 represents an intersection of domestic law and international law. The subject of Dispute Settlement Understanding 160 (“DSU 160”) is the Fairness in Music Licensing Act, an American legislative act that extended copyright protection terms and carved out significant exemptions for commercial establishments. The exemptions set forth in the Fairness in Music Licensing Act (“FMLA”) conflict with U.S. international intellectual property obligations such that one must question whether there should be new and different remedies available to assist parties in meeting their international obligation.
Reforming Fairness: The Need For Legal Pragmatism In The Wto Dispute Settlement Process, Webb Mcarthur
Reforming Fairness: The Need For Legal Pragmatism In The Wto Dispute Settlement Process, Webb Mcarthur
Richmond Journal of Global Law & Business
The World Trade Organization (“WTO”) dispute settlement system is intended to be the central pillar of the international trade system by which trade disputes involving WTO member states are adjudicated, whether regarding trade in goods, services, or in intellectual property rights. However, an innocuous statement such as this, when closely considered, indicates potential problems for the system. The WTO is an international treaty-based organization, established in 1994 by 123 countries in Marrakesh, Morocco. In addition to settling disputes in international trade, the WTO is also a negotiating forum and a set of rules. The organization is more than a “table” …
Stretching The Dispute Settlement Understanding: U.S.—Cotton’S Relaxed Interpretation Of Cross-Retaliation In The World Trade Organization, David J. Townsend
Stretching The Dispute Settlement Understanding: U.S.—Cotton’S Relaxed Interpretation Of Cross-Retaliation In The World Trade Organization, David J. Townsend
Richmond Journal of Global Law & Business
In August 2009, the World Trade Organization (“WTO”) au-thorized Brazil to impose sanctions against the United States for its continued subsidization of cotton producers in violation of the WTO Agreement on Subsidies and Countervailing Measures (“SCM Agreement”) and the Agreement on Agriculture. The WTO approved Brazil’s use of sanctions outside the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (“GATT”), authorizing cross-retaliation against rights owed to the United States under the Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (“TRIPS”). This is the third case of cross- retaliation authorized by a WTO arbitrator under the Understanding on Rules and Procedures Governing the …
World Trade Organization Agreements And Principles As A Vehicle For The Attainment Of Energy Security, Dennis J. Hough Jr.
World Trade Organization Agreements And Principles As A Vehicle For The Attainment Of Energy Security, Dennis J. Hough Jr.
Richmond Journal of Global Law & Business
Do you remember how you felt on Wednesday, January 7, 2009? Perhaps you do not. I know how some Europeans felt — cold. That was the day that Russia stopped all natural gas exports to Ukraine. By itself, this was a serious course of action. However, because Ukraine is the main transmission corridor for natural gas pipelines shipping gas to Europe, the situation commanded worldwide attention.
Rethinking The Relationship Between The Wto And International Human Rights, Gao Pengcheng
Rethinking The Relationship Between The Wto And International Human Rights, Gao Pengcheng
Richmond Journal of Global Law & Business
No abstract provided.
Binding Non-Signatories To International Arbitration Agreements: Raising Fundamental Concerns In The United States And Abroad, Tae Courtney
Binding Non-Signatories To International Arbitration Agreements: Raising Fundamental Concerns In The United States And Abroad, Tae Courtney
Richmond Journal of Global Law & Business
No abstract provided.
The Effect Of The Taiwan Relations Act Of 1979 On Res Judicata And Collateral Estoppel With Respect To Taiwanese And Third-Country Parties In United States Courts, Michael Buxton Devine
The Effect Of The Taiwan Relations Act Of 1979 On Res Judicata And Collateral Estoppel With Respect To Taiwanese And Third-Country Parties In United States Courts, Michael Buxton Devine
Richmond Journal of Global Law & Business
President Jimmy Carter terminated diplomatic relations be- tween the United States and the Republic of China (the ROC) or Taiwan on January 1, 1979, and Congress enacted the Taiwan Relations Act of 1979 (the TRA), effective on April 10, 1979, in order to replace the former diplomatic relations. The question then arose as to whether United States courts must recognize and enforce judgments of Taiwanese courts with respect to third-country plaintiffs who have prevailed over Taiwanese defendants. If so, then such third-country plaintiffs would be able to rely on the principles of res judicata and collateral estoppel in United States …
Conflicting Jurisdictions Over Disputes Arising From The Application Of Trade-Related Environmental Measures, Wen-Chen Shih
Conflicting Jurisdictions Over Disputes Arising From The Application Of Trade-Related Environmental Measures, Wen-Chen Shih
Richmond Journal of Global Law & Business
No abstract provided.
Burden Of Proof And The Prima Facie Case: The Evolving History And Its Applications In The Wto Jurisprudence, Ho Cheol Kim
Burden Of Proof And The Prima Facie Case: The Evolving History And Its Applications In The Wto Jurisprudence, Ho Cheol Kim
Richmond Journal of Global Law & Business
No abstract provided.
Anti-Competitive Abuse Of Ip Rights And Compulsory Licensing Through The International Dimension Of The Trips Agreement And The Stockholm Proposal For Its Amendment, Haris Apostolopoulos
Anti-Competitive Abuse Of Ip Rights And Compulsory Licensing Through The International Dimension Of The Trips Agreement And The Stockholm Proposal For Its Amendment, Haris Apostolopoulos
Richmond Journal of Global Law & Business
No abstract provided.
Signed, Sealed, Delivered, And Then…: An Evaluation Of The Correlation Between Policy Areas, Signing, And Legal Ratification Of Organization Of American States’ Treaties By Member States, Alexandra R. Harrington
Signed, Sealed, Delivered, And Then…: An Evaluation Of The Correlation Between Policy Areas, Signing, And Legal Ratification Of Organization Of American States’ Treaties By Member States, Alexandra R. Harrington
Richmond Journal of Global Law & Business
No abstract provided.
Current Developments Of Wto Dispute Settlement Body Findings On The U.S. Antidumping Sunset Review Regime, Changho Sohn
Current Developments Of Wto Dispute Settlement Body Findings On The U.S. Antidumping Sunset Review Regime, Changho Sohn
Richmond Journal of Global Law & Business
No abstract provided.
Chapter 15 And The Advancement Of International Cooperation In Cross-Border Bankruptcy Proceedings, Bryan Stark
Chapter 15 And The Advancement Of International Cooperation In Cross-Border Bankruptcy Proceedings, Bryan Stark
Richmond Journal of Global Law & Business
No abstract provided.
The Wto Internet Gambling Dispute As A Case Of First Impression: How To Interpret Exceptions Under Gats Article Xiv(A) And How To Set The Trend For Implementation And Compliance In Wto Cases Involving “Public Morals” And “Public Order” Concerns?, Albena P. Petrova
Richmond Journal of Global Law & Business
No abstract provided.
Assuring The Flow: Maritime Security Challenges And Trade Between The U.S. And China, Joshua A. Lindenbaum
Assuring The Flow: Maritime Security Challenges And Trade Between The U.S. And China, Joshua A. Lindenbaum
Richmond Journal of Global Law & Business
No abstract provided.
Labor Standards In Recent U.S. Trade Agreements, William (Bud) Clatanoff
Labor Standards In Recent U.S. Trade Agreements, William (Bud) Clatanoff
Richmond Journal of Global Law & Business
No abstract provided.