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Full-Text Articles in Law
Uncertainty, Precaution, And Adaptive Management In Wildlife Trade, Annecoos Wiersema
Uncertainty, Precaution, And Adaptive Management In Wildlife Trade, Annecoos Wiersema
Michigan Journal of International Law
Wildlife trade is big business. Legal international trade in just some of the wild animals and plants traded worldwide is estimated at $350 to $530 million per year. The United States is the primary importer of virtually every major taxon of these species, including mammals, reptiles, fish, and plants. When it comes to illegal trade, estimates of its value range from $7 to $23 billion annually, covering wild animals, fish, and timber. This illegal trade fuels organized crime and militia and terrorist groups. In the face of all this pressure, some wild species appear to be traded in sustainable amounts. …
Reciprocity In International Telecommunications Trade: A New Trade Barrier?, Sheryl Powers
Reciprocity In International Telecommunications Trade: A New Trade Barrier?, Sheryl Powers
Michigan Journal of International Law
To those advocating its use, reciprocity legislation is especially appropriate for the telecommunications industry. Only 5 percent of telecommunications equipment manufactured in the United States is exported for sale in other nations. Trade barriers, loyalty to domestic manufacturers and the importance of telecommunications to national defense systems have combined to restrict access to foreign markets in the telecommunications sector. To persuade other nations to increase market access in telecommunications, United States legislators added a requirement of reciprocity to two proposed bills, S.898 and H.R.5158. This note will examine these two bills, concluding that reciprocity is an inappropriate solution to United …
Restrictions On Trade In Communication And Information Services, Geza Feketekuty, Jonathan David Aronson
Restrictions On Trade In Communication And Information Services, Geza Feketekuty, Jonathan David Aronson
Michigan Journal of International Law
Section one highlights some of the changes that the revolution in information exchange is producing. It also argues that transborder data flows could help facilitate international economic adjustment. Section two analyzes the types of reasons used to justify policy measures that inhibit the integration of the world communication network or prevent information from flowing across national borders. It also discusses the implication of restrictions on transborder data flows for the world trading system and for world economic growth. The final section discusses strategies for halting the proliferation of barriers to trade in communication and information services and for reducing existing …
Private Leased Telecommunication Lines: Threats To Continued International Availabliltiy, Jill L. Martin
Private Leased Telecommunication Lines: Threats To Continued International Availabliltiy, Jill L. Martin
Michigan Journal of International Law
This article examines both actual and proposed actions by Japanese and European telecommunications authorities, known as Ministries of Post, Telephone, and Telegraph (PTTs), to restrict private leased line availability, and then explores the possibility that these actions presage the total elimination of private leased lines. It concludes that unless the United States government adopts a unified and reasonable policy opposing the escalation of regulations and restrictions, their deleterious effects will become more severe.
The Council Of Europe Convention Of The Oecd Guidelines On Data Protection, Jon Bing
The Council Of Europe Convention Of The Oecd Guidelines On Data Protection, Jon Bing
Michigan Journal of International Law
The first international legal instruments to be adopted were two Council of Europe resolutions in 1973 and 1974, the first on "the protection of the privacy of individuals vis-A-vis electronic data banks in the private sector," 9 and the second on "the protection of the privacy of individuals vis-A-vis electronic data banks in the public sector." This article will describe and compare the rules of data protection as they emerge in the instruments. Although this will require some assessment, the main objective will be to explain and amplify.