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Women's Rights: The Possible Impact Of Private Military And Security Companies, Ana Filipa Vrdoljak Apr 2009

Women's Rights: The Possible Impact Of Private Military And Security Companies, Ana Filipa Vrdoljak

Ana Filipa Vrdoljak

Armed conflict and occupation are by definition necessarily violent for all participants, be they civilians or combatants. However, for women it heralds an exacerbation in existing violence, discrimination and inequalities. While international humanitarian law (IHL) has dedicated or ‘special’ provisions for women, feminist legal scholars have done much to exposed the gendered nature of this branch of international law. In recent decades, the United Nations’ campaign of mainstreaming of women’s issues has impacted significantly on relevant human rights law (HR Law), and the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) has actively sought to investigated and address women’s concerns. However, …


History And Evolution Of International Cultural Heritage Law: Through The Question Of The Removal And Return Of Cultural Objects, Ana Filipa Vrdoljak Jan 2009

History And Evolution Of International Cultural Heritage Law: Through The Question Of The Removal And Return Of Cultural Objects, Ana Filipa Vrdoljak

Ana Filipa Vrdoljak

The role of law in the removal and return of cultural objects has long been fraught and contested. This paper examines the history and development of the legal protection of cultural heritage at the international level with particular reference to the return of cultural objects.

With a view to facilitating the Intergovernmental Committee's future work, the paper is divided into four parts. First, there is an examination of the historical development of international cultural heritage law in respect of restitution over the last two centuries. Second, the establishment and work of the Intergovernmental Committee is considered in this historical legal …


Human Rights And Genocide: The Work Of Lauterpacht And Lemkin In Modern International Law, Part I, Ana Filipa Vrdoljak Jan 2009

Human Rights And Genocide: The Work Of Lauterpacht And Lemkin In Modern International Law, Part I, Ana Filipa Vrdoljak

Ana Filipa Vrdoljak

2008 marked the sixtieth anniversary of the adoption of the Genocide Convention and Universal Declaration of Human Rights by the UN General Assembly. These two instruments adopted and proclaimed by then newly formed world body on successive days, 9 and 10 December 1948 respectively, represent two sides of one coin. Born of the horrors of the 1930s and 40s, the United Nations Charter speaks of human rights and to the importance of the rule of law. The Genocide Convention and UDHR are integral to the pursuit of these aims.

The work of two international lawyers, Hersch Lauterpacht and Raphael Lemkin, …