Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®
Articles 1 - 18 of 18
Full-Text Articles in Law
The Urbanization Of International Law And International Relations: The Rising Soft Power Of Cities In Global Governance, Chrystie Swiney
The Urbanization Of International Law And International Relations: The Rising Soft Power Of Cities In Global Governance, Chrystie Swiney
Michigan Journal of International Law
This article examines the rising influence of cities in global governance and on international law, despite the existing international legal and political framework, which is designed to exclude them. It explores the various strategies and tools utilized by city leaders to leapfrog over their national counterparts in order to autonomously access the international policymaking and law-making world. These include (1) coalescing together to form large networks, which engage in city or “glocal” diplomacy; (2) allying with well-connected and well-resourced international organizations; (3) gaining inclusion in UN multilateral agendas; (4) mirroring state-based coalitions and their high-profile events; (5) harnessing the language …
Congress's International Legal Discourse, Kevin L. Cope
Congress's International Legal Discourse, Kevin L. Cope
Michigan Law Review
Despite Congress’s important role in enforcing U.S. international law obligations, the relevant existing literature largely ignores the branch. This omission may stem partly from the belief, common among both academics and lawyers, that Congress is generally unsympathetic to or ignorant of international law. Under this conventional wisdom, members of Congress would rarely if ever imply that international law norms should impact otherwise desirable domestic legislation. Using an original dataset comprising thirty years of legislative histories of pertinent federal statutes, this Article questions and tests that view. The evidence refutes the conventional wisdom. It shows instead that, in legislative debates over …
Individual And State Responsibility For Intelligence Gathering, Dieter Fleck
Individual And State Responsibility For Intelligence Gathering, Dieter Fleck
Michigan Journal of International Law
It is the purpose of this contribution to examine relevant norms and principles for assessing acts of intelligence gathering under international law (Part I), evaluate legal problems of attribution of such acts (Part II), and, where governments commit wrongful acts, look into circumstances precluding their wrongfulness (Part III). Based on these considerations, legal consequences for criminal accountability (Part IV) and reparation (Part V) will be discussed. Finally, some conclusions may be drawn (Part VI).
An Unrecognized State In Foreign And International Courts: The Case Of The Republic Of China On Taiwan, Pasha L. Hsieh
An Unrecognized State In Foreign And International Courts: The Case Of The Republic Of China On Taiwan, Pasha L. Hsieh
Michigan Journal of International Law
This Article provides a comparative analysis of the status of the Republic of China on Taiwan in foreign and international settings. Most existing literature written from the traditional public international law perspective focuses on Taiwan's separate statehood from China. This Article addresses an important pragmatic issue that international courts and courts in foreign countries frequently face: whether Taiwan is a "foreign State" for particular salutatory purposes in judicial proceedings. Part I of this Article provides an overview of China-Taiwan relations and the status of Taiwan under international law. I argue that the ROC on Taiwan has been a sovereign State …
The Spy Who Came In From The Cold War: Intelligence And International Law, Simon Chesterman
The Spy Who Came In From The Cold War: Intelligence And International Law, Simon Chesterman
Michigan Journal of International Law
This Article will focus on the narrower questions of whether obtaining secret intelligence-that is, without the consent of the state that controls the information-is subject to international legal norms or constraints, and what restrictions, if any, control the use of this information once obtained. Traditional approaches to the question of the legitimacy of spying, when even asked, typically settle on one of two positions: either collecting secret intelligence remains illegal despite consistent practice, or apparent tolerance has led to a "deep but reluctant admission of the lawfulness of such intelligence gathering, when conducted within customary normative limits.” Other writers have …
Rebus Sic Stantibus: Notification Of Consular Rights After Medellin, Aaron A. Ostrovsky, Brandon E. Reavis
Rebus Sic Stantibus: Notification Of Consular Rights After Medellin, Aaron A. Ostrovsky, Brandon E. Reavis
Michigan Journal of International Law
This Comment examines, through principles of public international law and U.S. jurisprudence, the relationship between U.S. courts and the ICJ to determine if the former are indeed bound by the latter's decisions, proprio motu, or if instead some Executive action is required to make the decisions binding on the judiciary. Part of this examination will entail a discussion of the potential for dialogue between the ICJ and U.S. courts to "pierce the veil of sovereignty" that traditionally conceals the inner workings of sovereign states from the scrutiny of international tribunals. Based on this assessment, the Comment then addresses how …
Sanchez-Llamas V. Oregon And Article 36 Of The Vienna Convention On Consular Relations: The Supreme Court, The Right To Consul, And Remediation, Mark J. Kadish, Charles C. Olson
Sanchez-Llamas V. Oregon And Article 36 Of The Vienna Convention On Consular Relations: The Supreme Court, The Right To Consul, And Remediation, Mark J. Kadish, Charles C. Olson
Michigan Journal of International Law
This Article analyzes the Sanchez-Llamas decision and attempts to ascertain its impact on future Article 36 litigation.
The Concept Of Customary International Law, Daniel M. Bodansky
The Concept Of Customary International Law, Daniel M. Bodansky
Michigan Journal of International Law
Review of Custom in Present International Law by Karol Wolfke
The Making Of International Agreements: Congress Confronts The Executive, Michigan Law Review
The Making Of International Agreements: Congress Confronts The Executive, Michigan Law Review
Michigan Law Review
A Review of The Making of International Agreements: Congress Confronts the Executive by Loch K. Johnson
Prior Consultation In International Law: A Study Of State Practice, Michigan Law Review
Prior Consultation In International Law: A Study Of State Practice, Michigan Law Review
Michigan Law Review
A Review of Prior Consultation in International Law: A Study of State Practice by Frederic L. Kirgis, Jr.
How Nations Behave, 2d Ed., Michigan Law Review
How Nations Behave, 2d Ed., Michigan Law Review
Michigan Law Review
A Book Notice about How Nations Behave. 2d ed. by Louis Henkin
Reforming The Laws And Practice Of Diplomatic Immunity, Paul F. Roye
Reforming The Laws And Practice Of Diplomatic Immunity, Paul F. Roye
University of Michigan Journal of Law Reform
As a result of public criticism and increasingly strained relations between diplomatic communities and local communities, Congress recently enacted legislation that dramatically changes United States diplomatic immunity law. This legislation eliminates the complete immunity from criminal and civil law proceedings that was afforded most foreign diplomats and their staffs, and establishes the rules of the Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations as the measure of diplomatic immunity in the United States. This article will examine the theoretical justification for diplomatic immunity and its application in the United States. The manner in which the recently enacted legislation alters United States diplomatic immunity …
Toward International Freedom Of Religion: A Proposal For Change In Fcn Treaty Practice, Bruce F. Howell
Toward International Freedom Of Religion: A Proposal For Change In Fcn Treaty Practice, Bruce F. Howell
University of Michigan Journal of Law Reform
Since the founding of this nation, Americans have relied on fundamental constitutional principles for the ultimate protection of their religious liberty. These guarantees have been extended to all persons in the United States, not just citizens. American nationals traveling or living abroad may discover, however, that religious freedom is not regarded as a fundamental right elsewhere. Although most nations do, at least in principle, adhere to the basic idea of freedom of religious belief and exercise, religious freedom may be denied either to a state's own citizens or to foreign nationals within its boundaries.
Whiteman: Digest Of International Law, William W. Bishop Jr.
Whiteman: Digest Of International Law, William W. Bishop Jr.
Michigan Law Review
A Review of Digest of International Law. Edited by Marjorie M. Whiteman
The Act Of State Doctrine After Sabbatino, William J. Bogaard
The Act Of State Doctrine After Sabbatino, William J. Bogaard
Michigan Law Review
The United States Supreme Court recently decided, in Banco Nacional de Cuba v. Sabbatino, that American courts must enforce a recognized foreign government's expropriation decree even though the decree violates international law. The Court, contrary to the views of respected international lawyers, found this result dictated by the "act of state doctrine," which bars American courts from reviewing the validity of another nation's official acts. The decision, amid frequent revolutionary confiscations and national programs of expropriation, seriously draws into question the wisdom of further investments in developing countries. This is unfortunate because American foreign investments benefit the receiving country …
The Non-Recognition Law Of The United States, Kimon A. Doukas
The Non-Recognition Law Of The United States, Kimon A. Doukas
Michigan Law Review
We speak of nations as being equal, independent and sovereign within the fixed confines of their physical boundaries. As aptly stated by our Supreme Court, in the civilized world of today, "Every sovereign State is bound to respect the independence of every other sovereign State, and the courts of one country will not sit in judgment on the acts of the government of another done within its own territory."
Book Reviews, C D. Allin
Book Reviews, C D. Allin
Michigan Law Review
The Equality of States in International Law. By Edwin De Witt Dickinson. (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, ig"o. Harvard Studies in Jurisprudence, Vol. III.) Pp. ix, 424.
Retaliation And Neutral Rights, Hessel Edward Yntema
Retaliation And Neutral Rights, Hessel Edward Yntema
Michigan Law Review
The readjustment of international law to the ever-changing conditions of maritime warfare has always presented problems of extreme difficulty. Particularly is this the case, when, as in the Napoleonic wars and the recent European conflict, belligerents, falling back upon the exceptional plea of necessity, attempt to modify the rights of neutral powers to their own advantage or even to involve them in the conflict. A question of this character, namely, the extent to which a belligerent in pursuing retaliatory measures against 'alleged violations of international law by his opponent, may thereby abridge the admitted rights of neutrals, was raised in …