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Articles 1 - 19 of 19
Full-Text Articles in Law
Robots As Pirates, Henry H. Perritt Jr.
Robots As Pirates, Henry H. Perritt Jr.
Catholic University Law Review
Generative AI has created much excitement over its potential to create new works of authorship in the literary and graphical realms. Its underling machine-learning technology works by analyzing the relations among elements of preexisting material in enormous databases assembled from publicly available and licensed sources. Its algorithms “learn” to predict “what comes next” in different types of expression. A complete system thus can become glib in creating new factual summaries, essays, fictional stories and images.
A number of authors of the raw material used by Generative AI engines claim that the machine learning process infringes their copyrights. Careful evaluation of …
Vested Patents And Equal Justice, Adam Macleod
Vested Patents And Equal Justice, Adam Macleod
Catholic University Law Review
In a time of renewed interest in equal justice, the vested patent right may be timely again. Vested patent rights helped marginalized Americans to secure equal justice earlier in American history. And they helped to make sense of the law. Vested patent rights can perform those tasks again today.
The concept of vested rights render patent law coherent. And it explains patent law’s interactions with other areas of law, such as property, administrative, and constitutional law. The vested rights doctrine also can serve the requirements of equal justice, as it has several times in American history. Vested rights secure justice …
Don’T Cite Funk, Oskar Liivak
Don’T Cite Funk, Oskar Liivak
Catholic University Law Review
For patent eligibility the Supreme Court continues to rely on its 1947 opinion in Funk Brothers Seed v. Kalo Inoculant. It is one of the most cited cases for patent eligibility and the Supreme Court relies heavily upon it. It forms one of the foundations of the current eligibility test in Mayo v. Prometheus. This article argues that this reliance is in error. Funk is just not appropriate for modern patent eligibility. Interestingly this view is not new. Ever since its appearance in Flook, the Supreme Court’s use of Funk has been dogged by criticism that faults the Court for …
Toothless Trade? Implications Of The Federal Circuit’S Clearcorrect Decision For The Enforceability Of Intellectual Property Protections In Digital Trade Under Usmca, Alissa Chase
Catholic University Law Review
Digital trade is growing faster than trade in goods and services and comprises a key area for innovation and intellectual property concerns. The United States-Mexico-Canada Agreement (“USMCA”) acknowledged this development by including chapters devoted to both digital trade and intellectual property. In 2015, the Federal Circuit held that the International Trade Commission (“ITC”) does not have jurisdiction over unfairly traded digital goods. Without exclusion orders issued by the ITC, the United States lacks a powerful tool to enforce the USMCA provisions protecting intellectual property in unfairly traded digital goods. This comment explores the implications of the Federal Circuit’s 2015 ClearCorrect …
"Prep"Aring For A Challenge To Government-Owned Patents, Caleb Holland
"Prep"Aring For A Challenge To Government-Owned Patents, Caleb Holland
Catholic University Law Review
The United States Government owns one of the largest patent estates in the world, but it rarely brings suit for patent infringement. To understand why that may be, this paper looks critically at the Government as a patent holder. Specifically, the paper reviews the fundamentals of American patents and explores the intricacies unique to the Government as an entity that both grants and holds patent rights. The paper examines the historical progression of how the United States Government positions itself with regard to its patents, tracing this evolution from Constitutional origins to more recent statutory refinements. Finally, the paper looks …
United States Supreme Court Ip Cases, 1810–2019: Measuring & Mapping The Citation Networks, Joseph Scott Miller
United States Supreme Court Ip Cases, 1810–2019: Measuring & Mapping The Citation Networks, Joseph Scott Miller
Catholic University Law Review
Intellectual property law in the United States, though shaped by key statutes, has long been a common-law field to a great degree. Many decades of decisional law flesh out the meaning of broad-textured, sparely worded statutes. Given the key roles of patent law and copyright law, both federal, the Supreme Court of the United States is i.p. law’s leading apex court. What are the major topical currents in the Supreme Court’s i.p. cases, both now and over the course of the Court’s work? This study uses network-analysis tools to measure and map the entirety of the Court’s i.p. jurisprudence. It …
Copyright Policy As Catalyst And Barrier To Innovation And Free Expression, Amanda Reid
Copyright Policy As Catalyst And Barrier To Innovation And Free Expression, Amanda Reid
Catholic University Law Review
At its core, copyright is an innovation policy, a competition policy, and a free expression policy. Copyright seeks to balance incentivizing a public good with providing a private interest. Copyright’s purpose to catalyze creative expression and innovation is canonical; creativity and innovation are synergetic. Copyright is a means of promoting progress; copyright is not an end in itself. Much like freedom of expression and new innovations are not ends in themselves, copyright protection is not for its own sake. Freedom of expression is often heralded as a means of fostering democratic self-governance, truth, and happiness. Innovation is seen as a …
Meeting The Challenges To America's Economic Future: Charting The Course In U.S. Intellectual Property & Innovation Policy, With An Introduction By Megan M. La Belle, International Ip Commercialization Council
Meeting The Challenges To America's Economic Future: Charting The Course In U.S. Intellectual Property & Innovation Policy, With An Introduction By Megan M. La Belle, International Ip Commercialization Council
Catholic University Law Review
No abstract provided.
Personal Jurisdiction In Hatch-Waxman Cases, Michael Marusak
Personal Jurisdiction In Hatch-Waxman Cases, Michael Marusak
Catholic University Law Review
The Hatch-Waxman Act drastically altered the way pioneer and generic pharmaceutical manufacturers litigate patent infringement disputes, allowing generic manufacturers to submit an abbreviated new drug application (ANDA) to the FDA, which states that it intends make a chemical equivalent of a patent owner’s drug. When the ANDA is accompanied by a Paragraph IV certification, representing that the generic intends to market the drug before the patent’s expiration because it believes the patent is invalid or will not be infringed by the generic’s drug, the ANDA submission itself creates an “artificial” act of infringement. With the Supreme Court’s recent tightening of …
Don’T Give Up Section 101, Don’T Ever Give Up, Brady P. Gleason
Don’T Give Up Section 101, Don’T Ever Give Up, Brady P. Gleason
Catholic University Law Review
In an era of tremendous and rapid technological advancement, coupled with the massive influence patents have on the global economy, determining the specific categories of inventions eligible for patent protection is of great importance. The statute governing patent eligible subject matter, 35 U.S.C. § 101, has unfortunately fallen steadily into a morass, wherein a great number of judicial philosophies as to the proper role and scope of § 101 occupy the statutes jurisprudence. This frustrates the utilitarian purpose of the patent system as research companies are uncertain whether certain categories of inventions will maintain their eligibly for patent protection. Because …
Aereo, In-Line Linking, And A New Approach To Copyright Infringement For Emerging Technologies, Shannon Mcgovern
Aereo, In-Line Linking, And A New Approach To Copyright Infringement For Emerging Technologies, Shannon Mcgovern
Catholic University Law Review
In an ever-changing technological landscape, strictly adhering to the language and definitions of the Copyright Act in cases involving emerging technologies may contravene the purpose and intent of copyright law. However, the Supreme Court’s 2014 opinion in American Broadcasting Cos. v. Aereo Inc. puts forth a commercial interest rationale that suggests copyright infringers may no longer be able to avoid liability based on perceived technological loopholes that have typically absolved online infringers of infringement liability. This Note argues that Aereo’s commercial interest rationale paves the way for a new approach to technologically complex copyright cases, particularly where in-line linking …
Expired Patents, Saurabh Vishnubhakat
Expired Patents, Saurabh Vishnubhakat
Catholic University Law Review
This article presents a comprehensive empirical description of the public domain of technologies that have recently passed out of patent protection. From a new dataset of over 300,000 patents that expired during 2008–2012, the study examines technological, geographical, and procedural traits of newly public inventions as a basis for exploring the social value associated with their competitive use. Moreover, comparing these inventions to inventions newly patented during the same period enables more specific discussion of how the balance of innovation in the United States continues to change.
Judicial Speculation On Consumer Impression: The Pitfalls Of Measuring Trademark Tacking As A Question Of Law, Megan Majcher Hartnett
Judicial Speculation On Consumer Impression: The Pitfalls Of Measuring Trademark Tacking As A Question Of Law, Megan Majcher Hartnett
Catholic University Law Review
Trademark tacking allows a mark owner to adjust her mark without losing protection. The test for determining whether tacking is appropriate is whether the new mark is the legal equivalent of the old. This equivalency is measured by evaluating the continuing commercial impression created by the marks. A circuit split has developed over whether this test is a question of law or a question of fact. This Comment argues that the continuing commercial impression test is ill-suited to be measured as a question of law. Initially, this Comment focuses on how commercial impression is a fact-based inquiry and should be …
The Positive And Negative Consequences Of The European Union Court Of Justice's Amazon Decision On International Private Copying And America, Jaclyn Kavendek
The Positive And Negative Consequences Of The European Union Court Of Justice's Amazon Decision On International Private Copying And America, Jaclyn Kavendek
Catholic University Law Review
No abstract provided.
The Narrowest And Most Obvious Limits: Applying Fair Use To Appropriation Art Economically Using A Royalty System, Brittani Everson
The Narrowest And Most Obvious Limits: Applying Fair Use To Appropriation Art Economically Using A Royalty System, Brittani Everson
Catholic University Law Review
No abstract provided.
Trademarks And Transducers: The First Circuit Court Of Appeals Decides On The Standard Of Proof Required To Show Willful Infringement In Lanham Act Cases, Peter Karalis
Catholic University Law Review
No abstract provided.
In Personam And Beyond The Grasp: In Search Of Jurisdiction And Accountability For Foreign Defendants, Andrew F. Popper
In Personam And Beyond The Grasp: In Search Of Jurisdiction And Accountability For Foreign Defendants, Andrew F. Popper
Catholic University Law Review
No abstract provided.
International Trademark Protection And Global Public Health: A Just-Compensation Regime For Expropriations And Regulatory Takings, Sam Foster Halabi
International Trademark Protection And Global Public Health: A Just-Compensation Regime For Expropriations And Regulatory Takings, Sam Foster Halabi
Catholic University Law Review
No abstract provided.
A Hot Mess: How Hot-News Misappropriation Bypassed Copyright Law In Barclays V. Theflyonthewall.Com And Gave Originators A Propriety Right In Facts, Julya E. Vekstein
A Hot Mess: How Hot-News Misappropriation Bypassed Copyright Law In Barclays V. Theflyonthewall.Com And Gave Originators A Propriety Right In Facts, Julya E. Vekstein
Catholic University Law Review
No abstract provided.