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Full-Text Articles in Law
The Federal Circuit As An Institution, Ryan G. Vacca
The Federal Circuit As An Institution, Ryan G. Vacca
Law Faculty Scholarship
The Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit is a unique institution. Unlike other circuit courts, the Federal Circuit’s jurisdiction is bound by subject area rather than geography, and it was created to address a unique set of problems specific to patent law. These characteristics have affected its institutional development and made the court one of the most frequently studied appellate courts. This chapter examines this development and describes the evolving qualities that have helped the Federal Circuit distinguish itself, for better or worse, as an institution.
This chapter begins with an overview of the concerns existing before creation of …
Unh School Of Law Ip Library: 20th Anniversary Reflection On The Only Academic Ip Library In The United States, Jon R. Cavicchi
Unh School Of Law Ip Library: 20th Anniversary Reflection On The Only Academic Ip Library In The United States, Jon R. Cavicchi
Law Faculty Scholarship
[Excerpt] The UNH School of Law Intellectual Property Library celebrates its twentieth anniversary this year. It is a fortuitous time for this look back and for strategic considerations for the future. This anniversary comes at a time in the history of legal education when conditions over the past few years have intensified the analysis of mission and resources for law school libraries. This article is a retrospective review of the history and dynamics surrounding the founding and first twenty years of growth. It is also an analysis of the future growth and mission of the IP Library during times that …
Ip Basics: Advice On Ip Careers For Those Without Technical Backgrounds, Thomas G. Field Jr.
Ip Basics: Advice On Ip Careers For Those Without Technical Backgrounds, Thomas G. Field Jr.
Law Faculty Scholarship
[Excerpt] If you can spend three more years in school, intellectual property offers a wide range of interesting and rewarding careers. Those without technical backgrounds, however, should not pursue an intellectual property career blindly. Unless your undergraduate degree is in a physical science or engineering -- or you have at least a masters (and probably some experience) in biotechnology, patent opportunities will be slim. As discussed in more detail below, people without technical training are more apt to deal with copyrights, trademarks and special contracts such as licenses or franchise agreements. Yet intellectual property law covering non-technical subjects is often …
Food For Thought: Genetically Modified Seeds As De Facto Standard Essential Patents, Benjamin M. Cole, Brent J. Horton, Ryan G. Vacca
Food For Thought: Genetically Modified Seeds As De Facto Standard Essential Patents, Benjamin M. Cole, Brent J. Horton, Ryan G. Vacca
Law Faculty Scholarship
For several years, courts have been improperly calculating damages in cases involving the unlicensed use of genetically-modified (GM) seed technology. In particular, when courts determine patent damages based on the hypothetical negotiation method, they err in exaggerating these damages to a point where no rational negotiator would agree. In response, we propose a limited affirmative defense of an implied license due to the patent’s status as a de facto standard essential patent. To be classified as a de facto standard essential patent, the farmer must prove three elements that reflect the peculiarities of GM seeds used in farming: (1) dominance, …
Patent Landscape Of Helminth Vaccines And Related Technologies, Jon R. Cavicchi, Stanley P. Kowalski, John Schroeder, Rayna Burke, Jillian Michaud-King
Patent Landscape Of Helminth Vaccines And Related Technologies, Jon R. Cavicchi, Stanley P. Kowalski, John Schroeder, Rayna Burke, Jillian Michaud-King
Law Faculty Scholarship
Executive Summary This report focuses on patent landscape analysis of technologies related to vaccines targeting parasitic worms, also known as helminths. These technologies include methods of formulating vaccines, methods of producing of subunits, the composition of complete vaccines, and other technologies that have the potential to aid in a global response to this pathogen. The purpose of this patent landscape study was to search, identify, and categorize patent documents that are relevant to the development of vaccines that can efficiently promote the development of protective immunity against helminths. The search strategy used keywords which the team felt would be general …
Intellectual Property And Public Health – A White Paper, Ryan G. Vacca, James Ming Chen, Jay Dratler Jr., Thomas Folsom, Timothy S. Hall, Yaniv Heled, Frank A. Pasquale Iii, Elizabeth A. Reilly, Jeffrey Samuels, Katherine J. Strandburg, Kara W. Swanson, Andrew W. Torrance, Katharine A. Van Tassel
Intellectual Property And Public Health – A White Paper, Ryan G. Vacca, James Ming Chen, Jay Dratler Jr., Thomas Folsom, Timothy S. Hall, Yaniv Heled, Frank A. Pasquale Iii, Elizabeth A. Reilly, Jeffrey Samuels, Katherine J. Strandburg, Kara W. Swanson, Andrew W. Torrance, Katharine A. Van Tassel
Law Faculty Scholarship
On October 26, 2012, the University of Akron School of Law’s Center for Intellectual Property and Technology hosted its Sixth Annual IP Scholars Forum. In attendance were thirteen legal scholars with expertise and an interest in IP and public health who met to discuss problems and potential solutions at the intersection of these fields. This report summarizes this discussion by describing the problems raised, areas of agreement and disagreement between the participants, suggestions and solutions made by participants and the subsequent evaluations of these suggestions and solutions. Led by the moderator, participants at the Forum focused generally on three broad …
Patent Reform And Best Mode: A Signal To The Patent Office Or A Step Toward Elimination?, Ryan G. Vacca
Patent Reform And Best Mode: A Signal To The Patent Office Or A Step Toward Elimination?, Ryan G. Vacca
Law Faculty Scholarship
On September 16, 2011, President Obama signed the America Invents Act (AIA), the first major overhaul of the patent system in nearly sixty years. This article analyzes the recent change to patent law's best mode requirement under the AIA. Before the AIA, patent applicants were required, at the time of submitting their application, to disclose the best mode of carrying out the invention as contemplated by the inventor. A failure to disclose the best mode was a basis for a finding of invalidity of the relevant claims or could render the entire patent unenforceable under the doctrine of inequitable conduct. …
Egyptian Goddess, Inc. V. Swisa, Inc.: A Dramatic Change In The Law Of Design Patents?, Evan Szarenski
Egyptian Goddess, Inc. V. Swisa, Inc.: A Dramatic Change In The Law Of Design Patents?, Evan Szarenski
The University of New Hampshire Law Review
[Excerpt] “On September 22, 2008, the Federal Circuit, sitting en banc, handed down the most important decision in design patent law in nearly twenty-five years. Egyptian Goddess, Inc. v. Swisa, Inc. (Egyptian Goddess III) abolished the point-of-novelty test first set out in Sears, Roebuck & Co. v. Talge and adopted by the Federal Circuit in Litton Systems, Inc. v. Whirlpool Corp. The point-of novelty test required patent holders to prove that an accused design appropriated the element which sets the patented design apart from the prior art—in addition to the ordinary-observer standard’s requirement of having substantially the same appearance—in order …
Enforcing Intellectual Property Rights: A Methodology For Understanding The Enforcement Problem In China, Justin Mccabe
Enforcing Intellectual Property Rights: A Methodology For Understanding The Enforcement Problem In China, Justin Mccabe
The University of New Hampshire Law Review
[Excerpt] “Intellectual property rights are neither protected nor enforced in strict uniformity throughout the world. However, it can be said that in most developed countries, intellectual property is preciously guarded, as evidenced by a plethora of intellectual property statutes, penalties for infringement, and consistent attempts to convince less developed nations to adopt strong—or stronger—intellectual property protections. Despite continued vigilance by developed countries in bringing about increased international harmony among intellectual property regimes, some developing countries sustain questionable enforcement policies. What the driving force is behind intellectual property enforcement policies—or more appropriately, the lack thereof—is a matter of disagreement. In order …
Allocating Intellectual Property Rights Between Parties, Ashlyn J. Lembree
Allocating Intellectual Property Rights Between Parties, Ashlyn J. Lembree
Law Faculty Scholarship
No abstract provided.
Ntp V. Rim: The Diverging Law Between System And Method Claim Infringement, Stephen P. Cole
Ntp V. Rim: The Diverging Law Between System And Method Claim Infringement, Stephen P. Cole
The University of New Hampshire Law Review
[Excerpt] “Almost thirty years after the landmark decision of Decca Ltd. v. United States, the Federal Circuit had an opportunity to reevaluate the extraterritorial limits of U.S. patent law in NTP, Inc. v. Research in Motion, Ltd. After withdrawing its initial opinion (“NTP I”) and issuing a second opinion (“NTP II”), the court held that a system having a component located outside U.S. jurisdiction could be subject to U.S. patent law. The court held as a matter of law, however, that a process in which a step is performed outside U.S. jurisdiction could not be subject to U.S. patent law. …
Bayer Ag V. Housey Pharmaceuticals: Protection For Biotechnological Research Tools Under Section 271(G) Found Wanting, Matthew Barthalow
Bayer Ag V. Housey Pharmaceuticals: Protection For Biotechnological Research Tools Under Section 271(G) Found Wanting, Matthew Barthalow
The University of New Hampshire Law Review
[Excerpt] "Research tools, a subset of biotechnological inventions protected by process patents, are “tools that scientists use in the laboratory, including cell lines, monoclonal antibodies, reagents, animal models, growth factors, combinatorial chemistry and DNA libraries, clones and cloning tools (such as PCR), methods, laboratory equipment and machines.” Many companies base their business models on the ability to find pharmaceutical products using their proprietary drug discovery research tools. Research tools used for drug discovery ‘include bioinformatic methods for identifying the interaction of certain proteins and their association with disease, methods for confirming protein targets, screening assays to identify molecules active against …
Golden Rice: A Case Study In Intellectual Property Management And International Capacity Building, Stanley P. Kowalski, R. David Kryder
Golden Rice: A Case Study In Intellectual Property Management And International Capacity Building, Stanley P. Kowalski, R. David Kryder
RISK: Health, Safety & Environment (1990-2002)
The authors examine the management of risks associated with intellectual property linked to agri-biotech products, with emphasis on the international movement of agri-biotech intellectual property from industrialized to developing nations.
Impact Of The Human Genome Project At The Interface Between Patent And Fda Laws, Brian C. Cunningham
Impact Of The Human Genome Project At The Interface Between Patent And Fda Laws, Brian C. Cunningham
RISK: Health, Safety & Environment (1990-2002)
Mr. Cunningham stresses the broad scope of biotechnological innovations. Besides endorsing the need for a new oversight commission to deal with potential social issues, he suggests, for example, that some products should be treated like biologics rather than new drugs.
Development Of Vaccines To Meet Public Health Needs: Incentives And Obstacles, Phillip K. Russell
Development Of Vaccines To Meet Public Health Needs: Incentives And Obstacles, Phillip K. Russell
RISK: Health, Safety & Environment (1990-2002)
Dr. Russell explains how such matters as high 'costs of regulation, lack of an effective plan for delivery (particularly abroad) and politics can interfere with providing globally needed vaccines.
Biotechnology Process Patents: Is Special Legislation Needed?, Timothy P. Linkkila, Timothy E. Tracy
Biotechnology Process Patents: Is Special Legislation Needed?, Timothy P. Linkkila, Timothy E. Tracy
RISK: Health, Safety & Environment (1990-2002)
The authors review administrative and court decisions prompting proposed changes to the patent law. After reviewing pros and cons, they argue that, on balance, pending bills can easily cause more problems than they solve.
Overview Of Potential Intellectual Property Protection For Biotechnology, Kate H. Murashige
Overview Of Potential Intellectual Property Protection For Biotechnology, Kate H. Murashige
RISK: Health, Safety & Environment (1990-2002)
Dr. Murashige compares the function and value of copyright, patent and trade secret laws in recovering investments in developing genome-related biotechnology.
Technology Transfer And The Genome Project: Problems With Patenting Research Tools, Rebecca S. Eisenberg
Technology Transfer And The Genome Project: Problems With Patenting Research Tools, Rebecca S. Eisenberg
RISK: Health, Safety & Environment (1990-2002)
Professor Eisenberg argues against a system providing for federally-sponsored inventions to be patented if any associated person so desires. She believes that the system does not adequately weigh the possibility that the greatest social return from genome research will require some discoveries to be in the public domain.
[Introduction] The Science Court Is Dead - Long Live The Science Court, Thomas G. Field
[Introduction] The Science Court Is Dead - Long Live The Science Court, Thomas G. Field
RISK: Health, Safety & Environment (1990-2002)
[Excerpt] "It is a pleasure to introduce this symposium issue with its range of current thoughts about what Arthur Kantrowitz invented a little over twenty-five years ago and has since come to be known as the "Science Court." The pleasure is enhanced by being able to include papers by Dr. Kantrowitz, Allan Mazur (who worked closely with him), Carl Cranor, Itzhak Jacoby and Sheila Jasanoff - as well as an extensive list of citations to other discussions. In approaching these papers, readers may find it helpful to consider what Kantrowitz invented, he and others have attempted to improve, and the …
The Role Of Technologically Trained Corporate Lawyers In Managing Risk, Homer O. Blair
The Role Of Technologically Trained Corporate Lawyers In Managing Risk, Homer O. Blair
RISK: Health, Safety & Environment (1990-2002)
An explanation of what technologically-trained lawyers ordinarily do as corporate employees. Lawyers with such training, while not members of the "public," have traditionally played a very small role in dealing with safety issues. It is strongly urged that they may be of great help in preventing harm which would be expensive, at best, to redress.