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The Sunset Of "Quality Control" In Modern Trademark Licensing, Irene Calboli
The Sunset Of "Quality Control" In Modern Trademark Licensing, Irene Calboli
Irene Calboli
Historically, based on the premise that trademark protection is about consumer welfare, trademark law has allowed trademark licensing only as long as licensors control the quality of the products bearing the licensed marks. Ever since its adoption, however, this rule has been difficult to enforce because it hinges on a concept that is ambiguous and difficult to frame in a legal context: quality control. Unsurprisingly, the consequence has been inconsistent case law and much uncertainty as to what represents valid licensing. In addition, in the past decades, courts have proven increasingly reticent to strictly apply this rule and have declared …
Trademark Exhaustion In The European Union: Community-Wide Or International? The Saga Continues, Irene Calboli
Trademark Exhaustion In The European Union: Community-Wide Or International? The Saga Continues, Irene Calboli
Irene Calboli
Dr. Calboli discusses trademark exhaustion in the European Union. She proposes an international exhaustion standard to replace the community-wide exhaustion standard. In an international system, a trademark owner would exhaust his rights in other national jurisdictions when trademarked goods are placed on the market in any national jurisdiction where the trademark owner enjoys protection. Accordingly, the trademark owner will not be free to prevent international importation of genuine products bearing his trademark. Dr. Calboli describes the development of the community-wide exhaustion standard and its interpretative problems as part of the Trademark Directive. She then proposes changing to an international exhaustion …