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Articles 1 - 30 of 53
Full-Text Articles in Law
The Fourth Amendment And The Ins: An Update On Locating The Undocumented And A Discussion On Judicial Avoidance Of Race-Based Investigative Targeting In Constitutional Analysis, Henry G. Watkins
San Diego Law Review
This Article identifies and discusses various legal theories being used to avoid consideration of the fourth amendment in the use of arbitrary law enforcement methods, most notably the targeting of racial minorities as suspects. The Article discusses the concept of consensual encounters: the presumption that most law enforcement contacts are voluntary encounters with the targets of the inquiry freely answering questions or consenting to a search. This approach renders it legally unnecessary to determine whether race played an undue part in the encounter. The Article also examines the point at which a "seizure" occurs, which is often crucial in determining …
Uncle Sam Wants You: Foreign Investment And The Immigration Act Of 1990, Gary Endelman, Jeffrey Hardy
Uncle Sam Wants You: Foreign Investment And The Immigration Act Of 1990, Gary Endelman, Jeffrey Hardy
San Diego Law Review
This Article examines some of the driving forces behind the "immigrant investor" category created by the Immigration Act of 1990. The authors find that the "immigrant investor" provision was motivated by a recognition that foreign investment is both beneficial and necessary to the U.S. economy. They also find that Congress was driven by an awareness that America must resist stiff competition from other countries for the foreign investor dollar. The Article examines the legislative history of the provision, as well as the forces responsible for its creation. The authors conclude that by enacting the investor employment-creation visa provision of the …
Cult-Induced Renunciation Of United States Citizenship: The Involuntary Expatriation Of Black Hebrews, Alan G. James
Cult-Induced Renunciation Of United States Citizenship: The Involuntary Expatriation Of Black Hebrews, Alan G. James
San Diego Law Review
This Article analyzes the renunciation of United States citizenship by the Hebrew Israelite Community, a small obscure religious cult. It examines the legal justification for the Department of State restoring citizenship to those who expatriated themselves. The Department of State recognized that pressure by the Hebrew Israelite Community leadership for its members to renounce their citizenship, whether intense or nominal, whether there were alternatives or not, was ipso facto coercion. The author finds that the Department of State's special policy and procedures to facilitate the restoration of citizenship to the former cult members is a welcome development. The Article examines …
Raven V. Deukmejian: A Modern Guide To The Voter Initiative Process And State Constitutional Independence, Joseph Goldberg
Raven V. Deukmejian: A Modern Guide To The Voter Initiative Process And State Constitutional Independence, Joseph Goldberg
San Diego Law Review
This Casenote examines the decision of Raven v. Deukmejian, decided in 1990 by the California Supreme Court. This decision held that a voters' initiative measure, which purported to vest all judicial interpretive power as to fundamental criminal defense rights, amounted to a revision of the state Constitution. The author discusses the impact and implications of this decision. Namely, the author finds that the decision will have an impact on the way future courts review constitutional challenges to the initiative process. The Casenote also discusses the reaffirmation of the court's position on state constitutional independence. The author concludes that the California …
Spouse-Based Immigration Laws: The Legacies Of Coverture, Janet M. Calvo
Spouse-Based Immigration Laws: The Legacies Of Coverture, Janet M. Calvo
San Diego Law Review
The notion of coverture is that a wife is subordinate to her husband and under his control. This Article describes the common law doctrine of coverture, and the history and impact of coverture in current immigration law. The Article examines the incorporation of the assumptions of coverture into early immigration laws and the failure of Congress to remove coverture premises from more recent immigration legislation. The impact of the law's perpetuation of coverture, or spouse domination, is described. The Article shows that the immigrants harmed by the spouse domination perpetuated by the law are overwhelmingly women. The author proposes legislative …
Aiu Ins. Co. V. Superior Court: Insurers Liable For Environmental Response Costs, Deane S. Shokes
Aiu Ins. Co. V. Superior Court: Insurers Liable For Environmental Response Costs, Deane S. Shokes
San Diego Law Review
Who cleans up, when and how, and who pays are critical questions in the cleanup of pollution. Many companies identified by the government as parties responsible for past hazardous waste releases were insured under Comprehensive General Liability policies. In AIU Ins. Co. v. Superior Court, decided in 1990, the California Supreme Court unanimously held that that these Comprehensive General Liability policies cover the cost of complying with cleanup procedures under the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act of 1980. Thus, insurers must pay for the cleanup costs of pollution by the companies they insure. This Casenote examines this decision, …
"Strike Three Yer Out!?": Examining The Constitutional Limits On The Use Of Prior Uncounseled Dwi Convictions To Impose Mandatory Prison Sentences On Repeat Dwi Offenders, Marty Jaquez
San Diego Law Review
This Comment examines the constitutional implications of using prior uncounseled DWI convictions to incarcerate repeat DWI offenders. The Comment reviews the Supreme Court decisions that established the right to court-appointed counsel for the indigent accused and examines the federal constitutional limitations on the collateral use of prior uncounseled DWI convictions. It also critically evaluates state court decisions involving the collateral use of prior uncounseled DWI convictions. The author concludes that, because an uncounseled conviction is inherently unreliable, it should not be used to mandatorily incarcerate a DWI repeat offender.
Racism And The Constitution: The Constitutional Fate Of British Columbia Anti-Asian Immigration Legislation, 1884-1909, Bruce Ryder
Osgoode Hall Law Journal
The author explores the values and forces that influenced judicial and federal cabinet decisions regarding the constitutional validity of over one hundred BC statutes discriminating against persons of the Japanese or Chinese race passed between 1872 and 1922. He argues that the interpretation of the constitutional division of powers was shaped by a racist ideology that viewed Asian immigrants as different from, and inferior to, European immigrants in all respects but one: their capacity for work. In this, the first part of his study, he focuses on the nature of the federal disallowance power and the reasons why it was …
Review Of Visa Denials By Consular Officers, James A.R. Nafziger
Review Of Visa Denials By Consular Officers, James A.R. Nafziger
Washington Law Review
United States consular officers stationed abroad exercise enormous discretion in deciding whether to grant or deny applications for visas by foreign citizens. The process for reviewing visa denials is exceptionally limited. Federal rules and regulations and consular practices do provide for internal review of visa denials, members of Congress and the media occasionally press for review of individual cases, and the Visa Office in the Department of State issues advisory opinions from time to time on matters of both fact and law. This process is, however, inadequate for several reasons. Time and budgetary constraints generally prevent consular officers from recording …
Strangers In Paradise: An Overview Of Maryland State Law Dealing With Noncitizens, William Karl Wilburn
Strangers In Paradise: An Overview Of Maryland State Law Dealing With Noncitizens, William Karl Wilburn
University of Baltimore Law Review
No abstract provided.
Tdhs V. E.B., The Coup De Grace For Special Issues., John J. Sampson
Tdhs V. E.B., The Coup De Grace For Special Issues., John J. Sampson
St. Mary's Law Journal
Although the bench and bar have been recalcitrant in recognition, the Texas Supreme Court has declared the special interest experiment a failure. For nearly eighty years Texas has engaged in an experiment requiring juries answer specific, factually detailed inquiries in various circumstances. The theoretical justifications of special issue inquiries were to ease appeals processes and add clarity to jury decisions. Although the goals were meritorious, the actual result was jury confusion, inefficiency, complexity, and too many retrials. The Texas Supreme Court’s ruling in TDHS v. EB signals the end of special issues and mandates the use of broad form submissions. …
Entering The Thicket - Mandamus Review Of Texas District Court Witness Disclosure Orders., David W. Holman, Byron C. Keeling
Entering The Thicket - Mandamus Review Of Texas District Court Witness Disclosure Orders., David W. Holman, Byron C. Keeling
St. Mary's Law Journal
In the absence of statutory authorization of interlocutory appeal, the writ of mandamus usually is the sole convenient remedy for an egregious trial court decision prior to judgment. The increasing number of mandamus petitions which annually invade the Texas appellate courts reflects the importance of the writ of mandamus. While once described as the “extraordinary” remedy, it is not uncommon for proceedings in a trial court to cease while a party seeks mandamus review of a controversial discovery ruling. One type of discovery rule which has not escaped mandamus review is the admission or exclusion of the testimony of witnesses …
Nude Dancing Conveying A Message Or Eroticism And Sexuality Is Protected By The First Amendment But Can Be Limited Under State Police Powers Provided The Government Establishes A Substantial, Content-Neutral Purpose., Fred S. Wilson
St. Mary's Law Journal
In Barnes v. Glen Theatre, Inc., the Supreme Court held the First Amendment protects nude dancing as conveying an expressive message, but state police powers may limit protection if the government establishes a substantial, content-neutral purpose. It is a principal of constitutional law where an actor intends to convey a message by expressive conduct, the First Amendment protection extends to that expression. Traditionally, time, place, and manner regulations restricting expressive conduct based on either the subject-matter of the message or the viewpoint of the actor receive content-based classification. However, content-based regulation of expressive conduct is constitutional only when narrowly drawn …
First-To-Invent: A Superior System For The United States., Ned L. Conley
First-To-Invent: A Superior System For The United States., Ned L. Conley
St. Mary's Law Journal
The United States uses the first-to-invent patent system, which is a time-honored system not worth abandoning in pursuit of harmonization. First-to-invent and first-to-file patent systems incentivize different approaches to obtaining a patent. However, a first-to-invent approach is, in part, what has allowed the United States to lead the world in innovation and it should not abandon this approach. The United States patent system is unique when compared to most other patent systems used by democratic, capitalistic, developed nations. A first-to-invent system provides incentive to invent, particularly to inventors who are less well financed. The incentive to innovate is in the …
Recent Developments In Civil Rights Law (As Presented At The Common Cause 20th Anniversary Celebration At St. Mary's School Of Law On November 3, 1990) Address., Archibald Cox
St. Mary's Law Journal
Abstract Forthcoming.
Pyrrhic Victories And Glorious Defeats: Why Defendants Are Winning And Plaintiffs Are Losing The Struggle Over Actual Malice And Fictionalized Quotations., Richard A. Gonzales
Pyrrhic Victories And Glorious Defeats: Why Defendants Are Winning And Plaintiffs Are Losing The Struggle Over Actual Malice And Fictionalized Quotations., Richard A. Gonzales
St. Mary's Law Journal
This article reviews Masson v. New Yorker Magazine, a case of fabricated quotations. The article looks first at the legal background and Supreme Court's development of the actual malice standard. An analysis of the problem through journalistic ethics and investigation of the difficulties confronting libel plaintiffs will follow. Finally, the comment explores the misquotation problem from both a legal and a journalistic perspective.
Preserving Error On Appeal In Texas Civil Cases: A Practical Guide For Civil Appeals In Texas., John Hill Cayce Jr.
Preserving Error On Appeal In Texas Civil Cases: A Practical Guide For Civil Appeals In Texas., John Hill Cayce Jr.
St. Mary's Law Journal
Fatal procedural errors can prevent appellees from preserving judgements and appellants from seeking review of court decisions on appeal. This article is a practical guide identifying critical concepts necessary to preserve the various rights of appeal. By examining the Texas Rules of Appellate Procedure, the author identifies procedural pitfalls attorneys may face when attempting to preserve appeals to the Texas Supreme Court or the appellate courts of Texas. Although the Texas Supreme Court has endeavored to eliminate procedural traps from civil appeals, a significant number of requests for appeal fail because lawyers do not follow the requirements necessary to preserve …
The Scope Of The Eighth Amendment Does Not Include A Per Se Bar To The Use Of Victim Impact Evidence In The Sentencing Phase Of A Capital Trial., Jimmie O. Clements Jr.
The Scope Of The Eighth Amendment Does Not Include A Per Se Bar To The Use Of Victim Impact Evidence In The Sentencing Phase Of A Capital Trial., Jimmie O. Clements Jr.
St. Mary's Law Journal
In Payne v. Tennessee, the United States Supreme Court held the scope of the Eighth Amendment does not include a per se bar to the use of victim impact evidence in the sentencing phase of a capital trial. As a result of Payne, the realm of information admissible during the sentencing phase of a capital trial now includes victim impact evidence. The use of victim impact evidence improperly diverts the sentencer’s attention away from the defendant’s moral blameworthiness to the victim’s character and reputation. Although advocates of victim’s rights may see this decision as a victory, the reasoning of the …
Testimony Of Ambassador Carla A. Hills, United States Trade Representative, Before The Subcommittee On Trade, Committee On Ways And Means, U.S. House Of Representatives, June 14, 1990., Editorial Board St. Mary's School Of Law
Testimony Of Ambassador Carla A. Hills, United States Trade Representative, Before The Subcommittee On Trade, Committee On Ways And Means, U.S. House Of Representatives, June 14, 1990., Editorial Board St. Mary's School Of Law
St. Mary's Law Journal
Abstract Forthcoming.
Child Support For Adult Disabled Children: New Texas Legislation., Dan R. Price
Child Support For Adult Disabled Children: New Texas Legislation., Dan R. Price
St. Mary's Law Journal
In 1989, the Texas legislature modified the Texas Family Code by relaxing the criteria necessary to allow awards of support to adult disabled children. Texas has historically recognized, through both state and case law, that parents have both a moral and legal obligation to support minor unemancipated children, but only until the age of majority. An exception to the limitation of parental support only until the age of majority is the “disability exception.” Many jurisdictions recognize that when a minor child suffers from a disability and is incapable or unable to take care of themselves, parental support may extend past …
Review Of Honorable Justice: The Life Of Oliver Wendell Holmes By Sheldon Novick., Michael S. Ariens
Review Of Honorable Justice: The Life Of Oliver Wendell Holmes By Sheldon Novick., Michael S. Ariens
St. Mary's Law Journal
Abstract Forthcoming.
Reformers' Regress: The 1991 Texas Workers' Compensation Act., Jill Williford
Reformers' Regress: The 1991 Texas Workers' Compensation Act., Jill Williford
St. Mary's Law Journal
The revision of the Texas Workers’ Compensation Act will affect most Texas taxpayers and workers. The Act, entering into force January 1, 1991, significantly restructures the preexisting seventy-six-year-old system. Before the advent of workers’ compensation systems employees relied on the court and common-law causes of action as the sole means of recovery. In 1913, Texas enacted one of the first versions of workers’ compensation in the United States. The original act created a system to compensate workers for injuries sustained during employment without regard to fault. Initially the act was elective for employers and mandatory for employees but was later …
The Human Rights Revolution Address., Thomas Buergenthal
The Human Rights Revolution Address., Thomas Buergenthal
St. Mary's Law Journal
Abstract Forthcoming.
The Court Of Criminal Appeals Versus The Constitution: The Conclusivity Question., Susan Bleil, Charles Bleil
The Court Of Criminal Appeals Versus The Constitution: The Conclusivity Question., Susan Bleil, Charles Bleil
St. Mary's Law Journal
This Article examines the Texas Constitution’s grant of authority to appellate courts to review questions of fact and the Texas Supreme Court’s treatment of that authority. It then contrasts that treatment with the contrary position taken by the Texas Court of Criminal Appeals since 1981. It also examines the sentiments of the courts of appeals themselves. The analysis of the decisions demonstrates the highest courts of Texas do not uniformly view the constitutional provision in question. It also shows resulting confusion and dissatisfaction. The Court of Criminal Appeals needs a better, more logical approach in interpreting the Texas constitution. Also …
The Texas Tax Relief Act After Twelve Years: Adoption, Implementation &(And) Enforcement., Michael Weiss
The Texas Tax Relief Act After Twelve Years: Adoption, Implementation &(And) Enforcement., Michael Weiss
St. Mary's Law Journal
The Texas Tax Reform Act, an amendment to the Texas constitution, undertook to create and enforce spending limits. The Texas Government first followed the spending limits in the 1982-1983 biennium. The threat of veto from Governor Clemments forced the legislature to adopt a budget below the limit. Unfortunately, Texas taxpayers did not see the savings of 1982 repeated in subsequent years. Meaning, the amendment, which passed by an eighty-four percent majority, failed in its purpose for limiting the government growth and spending. The noncompliance of the LBB is in contravention of the people’s will and the laws established to set …
Environmental Aspects Of Maquiladora Operations: A Note Of Caution For U.S. Parent Corporations., Daniel I. Basurto Gonzalez, Elaine Flud Gonzalez
Environmental Aspects Of Maquiladora Operations: A Note Of Caution For U.S. Parent Corporations., Daniel I. Basurto Gonzalez, Elaine Flud Gonzalez
St. Mary's Law Journal
Abstract Forthcoming.
Why The United States Should Adopt The First-To-File System For Patents., Bernarr R. Pravel
Why The United States Should Adopt The First-To-File System For Patents., Bernarr R. Pravel
St. Mary's Law Journal
Abstract Forthcoming.
Introduction Of Thomas Buergenthal Address - Introduction., Barbara Bader Aldave
Introduction Of Thomas Buergenthal Address - Introduction., Barbara Bader Aldave
St. Mary's Law Journal
Abstract Forthcoming.
The Carryforward Of Net Operating Losses And Other Tax Attributes After Bankruptcy Reorganizations., Martin M. Van Brauman
The Carryforward Of Net Operating Losses And Other Tax Attributes After Bankruptcy Reorganizations., Martin M. Van Brauman
St. Mary's Law Journal
When stock is exchanged for debt in a bankruptcy reorganization, potentially abusive tax situations can result if the reorganization occurs strictly for the carryforward of tax attributes to the acquiring corporation. The basic question is to what extent the discharge of indebtedness provisions, the application of the various statutory and judicial requirements, and the consolidated return regulations prohibit or restrict the carryforward of the tax history of the debtor corporation. Bankruptcy reorganization for a corporation under Chapter 11 of the Bankruptcy Code can take the form of either a recapitalization or a reorganization. Because a “G” reorganization involves a discharge …