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Articles 1 - 30 of 90
Full-Text Articles in Law
Rebraiding Frayed Sweetgrass For Niijaansinaanik: Understanding Canadian Indigenous Child Welfare Issues As International Atrocity Crimes, Alyssa Couchie
Rebraiding Frayed Sweetgrass For Niijaansinaanik: Understanding Canadian Indigenous Child Welfare Issues As International Atrocity Crimes, Alyssa Couchie
Michigan Journal of International Law
The unearthing of the remains of Indigenous children on the sites of former Indian Residential Schools (“IRS”) in Canada has focused greater attention on anti-Indigenous atrocity violence in the country. While such increased attention, combined with recent efforts at redressing associated harms, represents a step forward in terms of recognizing and addressing the harms caused to Indigenous peoples through the settler-colonial process in Canada, this note expresses concern that the dominant framings of anti-Indigenous atrocity violence remain myopically focused on an overly narrow subset of harms and forms of violence, especially those committed at IRSs. It does so by utilizing …
U.S. Covert Actions In The Indonesian Genocide: The International Criminal Court, Mia C. Rabkin
U.S. Covert Actions In The Indonesian Genocide: The International Criminal Court, Mia C. Rabkin
Binghamton University Undergraduate Journal
After the Korean War in 1950, the Cold War expanded to Asia transitioning from purely economic aid in Europe from the Marshall Plan, to direct military intervention then to covert military operations under the Eisenhower Administration in Indonesia. The focus of this research is on the United States military intervention through covert military operations from 1950-66 and details the evolution of foreign policy in Indonesia from the economic aid to supplying names of PKI insurgents to be slaughtered. With the general research questions of How did CIA interference through covert military operations in Indonesia highlight a shift in CIA intervention …
Death By A Thousand Cuts? Green Tech, Traditional Knowledge, And Genocide, Regina Menachery Paulose
Death By A Thousand Cuts? Green Tech, Traditional Knowledge, And Genocide, Regina Menachery Paulose
Genocide Studies and Prevention: An International Journal
Traditional Knowledge is a system of knowledge that is passed down through generations of Indigenous and Ethnic Minority Peoples throughout the world. A subset of Traditional Knowledge is Traditional Ecological Knowledge. These knowledge systems are incorporated throughout various international instruments and are considered vital to ways of life for Indigenous and Ethnic Minority Peoples. The author examines the elimination of Traditional Knowledge as a result of green technology. With discussions surrounding ways to obtain “net zero” in response to climate change, the author (re)introduces the notion that the irresponsible push for carbon zero technologies has a horrendous impact on the …
The Role Of Truth-Telling In Indigenous Justice, Sara L. Ochs
The Role Of Truth-Telling In Indigenous Justice, Sara L. Ochs
Journal of Race, Gender, and Ethnicity
No abstract provided.
Reparations And The International Law Origin Story, John Linarelli
Reparations And The International Law Origin Story, John Linarelli
Journal of Race, Gender, and Ethnicity
No abstract provided.
U.S. Race Relations And Foreign Policy, Susan D. Page
U.S. Race Relations And Foreign Policy, Susan D. Page
Michigan Journal of Race and Law
It is easy for Americans to think that the world’s most egregious human rights abuses happen in other countries. In reality, our history is plagued by injustices, and our present reality is still stained by racism and inequality. While the Michigan Journal of International Law usually publishes only pieces with a global focus, we felt it prudent in these critically important times not to shy away from the problems facing our own country. We must understand our own history before we can strive to form a better union, whether the union be the United States or the United Nations. Ambassador …
Until The United States Regulates Tech Exports, It Will Continue To Enable China's Surveillance Of The Uyghurs, Alexandra Haris
Until The United States Regulates Tech Exports, It Will Continue To Enable China's Surveillance Of The Uyghurs, Alexandra Haris
Human Rights Brief
No abstract provided.
Making The Case For Genocide, The Forced Sterilization Of Indigenous Peoples Of Peru, Ñusta P. Carranza Ko
Making The Case For Genocide, The Forced Sterilization Of Indigenous Peoples Of Peru, Ñusta P. Carranza Ko
Genocide Studies and Prevention: An International Journal
Peru’s national health program Programa de Salud Reproductiva y Planificación Familiar (PSRPF) aimed to uphold women’s reproductive rights and address the scarcity in maternity related services. Despite these objectives, during PSRPF’s implementation the respect for women’s rights were undermined with the forced sterilization of women predominantly of indigenous, poor, and rural backgrounds. This study considers the forced sterilization of indigenous women as a genocide. Making the case for genocide has not been done previously with this particular case. Using the normative markers of the Genocide Convention, this study categorically sets forced sterilization victims from the state-led-policy as victims of genocide, …
Cases Studied In Genocide Studies And Prevention And Journal Of Genocide Research And Implications For The Field Of Genocide Studies, Jeffrey Bachman
Cases Studied In Genocide Studies And Prevention And Journal Of Genocide Research And Implications For The Field Of Genocide Studies, Jeffrey Bachman
Genocide Studies and Prevention: An International Journal
The adoption of the Genocide Convention in 1948 was accompanied by the emergence of genocide as a field of study, first in the form of Holocaust Studies, followed by Genocide Studies, then Comparative Genocide Studies and, most recently, Critical Genocide Studies. Over the last 20-30 years, the field of genocide studies has greatly expanded. According to Alexander Hinton, “As the outlines of the field emerge more clearly, the time is right to engage in critical reflections about the state of the field.” This article seeks to enhance the field of genocide studies by answering Hinton’s call for reflective analysis. It …
Intending The Worst: The Case Of Isis’S Specific Intent To Destroy The Christians Of Iraq, Eric Osborne, Matthew Dowd, Ryan Mcbrearty
Intending The Worst: The Case Of Isis’S Specific Intent To Destroy The Christians Of Iraq, Eric Osborne, Matthew Dowd, Ryan Mcbrearty
Pepperdine Law Review
Genocide has been called the “crime of crimes.” That superlative is well-stated. Genocide is the intentional destruction of an entire people—a worse crime is almost beyond comprehension. The very word conjures some of the most horrific images in recorded history. And yet our legal understanding of this most-important crime is limited. Because the crime of genocide requires specific intent, even horrific atrocities will not qualify as genocide as a matter of law if done for a purpose other than the intended destruction of a target group. Thus whether actions qualify as genocide and what type of evidence is sufficient to …
Film Review: The Uncondemned, Jessica M. Adach
Film Review: The Uncondemned, Jessica M. Adach
Genocide Studies and Prevention: An International Journal
Film Review of The Uncondemned
Elusive Justice: The Rohingya Chronic Crisis And The Responsibility To Protect, Sumangala Bhattacharya
Elusive Justice: The Rohingya Chronic Crisis And The Responsibility To Protect, Sumangala Bhattacharya
Loyola of Los Angeles International and Comparative Law Review
No abstract provided.
Straining To Prevent The Rohingya Genocide: A Sociology Of Law Perspective, Katherine Southwick
Straining To Prevent The Rohingya Genocide: A Sociology Of Law Perspective, Katherine Southwick
Genocide Studies and Prevention: An International Journal
This paper analyzes the generally muted international response to the protracted plight of the Rohingya, a persecuted Muslim minority in Myanmar, from the perspective of sociology of law. The first part provides background on the Rohingya crisis and discusses relevant international legal frameworks relating to crimes against humanity and genocide. The second part adapts analytical frameworks developed by Felstiner, Abel, and Sarat on the emergence and transformation of disputes, in order to examine some of the factors that frustrate the processes of naming crimes, blaming perpetrators, and claiming rights and protection for the Rohingya minority in the international context. Work …
Book Review: Prosecuting Corporations For Genocide, Sarah Federman
Book Review: Prosecuting Corporations For Genocide, Sarah Federman
Genocide Studies and Prevention: An International Journal
No abstract provided.
Denial Is Not An Option, Or Is It? How The Turkish Denial Of The Armenian Genocide Blocked Recovery In The United States, Samuel E. Plutchok
Denial Is Not An Option, Or Is It? How The Turkish Denial Of The Armenian Genocide Blocked Recovery In The United States, Samuel E. Plutchok
University of Massachusetts Law Review
Many articles have been written on the Armenian Genocide, both in the context of how to obtain Turkish recognition and how to obtain monetary relief in the courts of the United States. This Article summarizes the issues with the Movsesian III holding with regards to lack of precedent and the Ninth Circuit’s failure to follow the Supreme Court’s trend of limiting preemption. This Article then analyzes related decisions from four other circuits, demonstrating a clear circuit split on judicial understanding of the 5-4 Supreme Court ruling in Garamendi. This Article provides a roadmap to a friendly forum for victims of …
Litigating Genocide: A Consideration Of The Criminal Court In Light Of The German Jew's Legal Response To Nazi Persecution, 1933-1941, Jody M. Prescott
Litigating Genocide: A Consideration Of The Criminal Court In Light Of The German Jew's Legal Response To Nazi Persecution, 1933-1941, Jody M. Prescott
Maine Law Review
After years of negotiation, a majority of the nations of the world have agreed to create an International Criminal Court. It will be given jurisdiction over three core types of offenses: genocide, crimes against humanity, and war crimes. With regard to war crimes, however, nations that join the court may take advantage of an “opt-out” procedure, whereby the court's jurisdiction over these offenses may be rejected for seven years after the court comes into existence. For various reasons, a small number of nations, including the United States, have refused to sign the treaty creating the court. While heralded as a …
Understanding Serious Bodily Or Mental Harm As An Act Of Genocide, Nema Milaninia
Understanding Serious Bodily Or Mental Harm As An Act Of Genocide, Nema Milaninia
Vanderbilt Journal of Transnational Law
What is genocide? The typical answer immediately brings to mind incidents of large-scale killings like those in World War II, Rwanda, and Srebrenica. The same images, however, create an incomplete and potentially misleading picture of the crime. Genocide is a far broader concept than mass executions. The crime was deliberately designed to capture the variant and innumerable ways individuals or organizations might try to destroy racial, ethnic, religious, or national groups. And while certain acts, like rape and other acts of sexual violence, never formed part of the crime's initial understanding, these acts are now accepted as tools of destruction …
Detention By Armed Groups Under International Law, Andrew Clapham
Detention By Armed Groups Under International Law, Andrew Clapham
International Law Studies
Does international law entitle armed groups to detain people? And what obligations are imposed on such non-state actors when they do detain? This article sets out suggested obligations for armed groups related to the right to challenge the basis for any detention and considers some related issues of fair trial and punishment. The last part of this article briefly considers the legal framework governing state responsibility and individual criminal responsibility for those that assist armed groups that detain people in ways that violate international law.
Civil War Or Genocide? The United Nations Commission Of Experts’ Misunderstanding Of The Third Balkan War Of The 1990s, Matthew G. Morley
Civil War Or Genocide? The United Nations Commission Of Experts’ Misunderstanding Of The Third Balkan War Of The 1990s, Matthew G. Morley
Grand Valley Journal of History
When the country of Yugoslavia disintegrated into war, the United Nations created a research commission, the Yugoslav Commission of Experts, to document war crimes. This commission, led by Cherif M. Bassiouni, depicted the conflict as a perpetual problem with historical roots and also as having victims on both sides, which presented a legal-definitional paradox to the Security Council, requiring litigation of principles, categorization of conflicts, and discussion of further involvement - if applicable. This paper traces the essentialist understandings of the Commission of Experts and the International Human Rights Law Institute – two groups that otherwise had good intentions to …
Between Light And Shadow: The International Law Against Genocide In The International Court Of Justice’S Judgement In Croatia V. Serbia (2015), Ines Gillich
Pace International Law Review
This Article identifies and critically analyzes the contributions the International Court of Justice (ICJ) made to the international law against genocide via the judgment in Application of the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide (Croatia v. Serbia) of February 3, 2015. This Article elaborates on the concept of genocide—a term that has originally been coined after the Armenian Genocide and the Holocaust—and the protection against this “crime of crimes” under international law. The analysis section of this Article refers to the historical and procedural context of the dispute between Croatia and Serbia in the case, …
Maturing Justice: Integrating The Convention On The Rights Of The Child Into The Judgments And Processes Of The International Criminal Court, Linda A. Malone
Maturing Justice: Integrating The Convention On The Rights Of The Child Into The Judgments And Processes Of The International Criminal Court, Linda A. Malone
Georgia Journal of International & Comparative Law
No abstract provided.
Editors' Introduction, Melanie O'Brien, Joann Digeorgio-Lutz, Lior Zylberman, Christian Gudehus, Douglas Irvin-Erickson, Randle Defalco, Hilary Earl
Editors' Introduction, Melanie O'Brien, Joann Digeorgio-Lutz, Lior Zylberman, Christian Gudehus, Douglas Irvin-Erickson, Randle Defalco, Hilary Earl
Genocide Studies and Prevention: An International Journal
No abstract provided.
Imagined Identities: Defining The Racial Group In The Crime Of Genocide, Carola Lingaas
Imagined Identities: Defining The Racial Group In The Crime Of Genocide, Carola Lingaas
Genocide Studies and Prevention: An International Journal
The provisions on genocide protect four exclusive, amongst others the racial, groups. Yet, international criminal tribunals are manifestly uncomfortable with collective groupings and interpret ‘race’ rather inconsistently. Nevertheless, there is a tendency to a subjective approach based upon the perpetrator’s perception of the targeted group. The victim’s membership is accordingly not determined objectively, but by the perception of differentness. This article incorporates the theory of imagined identities into law, thereby providing tribunals with a tool to define ‘race’. Its essence is that even if the group does not exist, it must be granted protection because of its perceived and thereby …
Conflicting Norms Of Intervention: More Variables For The Equation, Jordan J. Paust
Conflicting Norms Of Intervention: More Variables For The Equation, Jordan J. Paust
Georgia Journal of International & Comparative Law
No abstract provided.
Inciting Genocide With Words, Richard A. Wilson
Inciting Genocide With Words, Richard A. Wilson
Michigan Journal of International Law
During the 1994 genocide in Rwanda, observers emphasized the role of media propaganda in inciting Rwandan Hutus to attack the Tutsi minority group, with one claiming that the primary tools of genocide were “the radio and the machete.” As a steady stream of commentators referred to “radio genocide” and “death by radio” and “the soundtrack to genocide,” a widespread consensus emerged that key responsibility for the genocide lay with the Rwandan media. Mathias Ruzindana, prosecution expert witness at the ICTR, supports this notion, writing, “In the case of the 1994 genocide in Rwanda, the effect of language was lethal . …
Genocide Convention - Intentional Starvation - Ethiopian Famine In The Eritrean War For Independence. The Applicability Of The Genocide Convention To Government Imposed Famine In Eritrea., Jean E. Zeiler
Georgia Journal of International & Comparative Law
No abstract provided.
Balancing “Aggression” And Compassion In International Law: The Crime Of Aggression And Humanitarian Intervention, Alexander H. Mccabe
Balancing “Aggression” And Compassion In International Law: The Crime Of Aggression And Humanitarian Intervention, Alexander H. Mccabe
Fordham Law Review
There is a problematic overlap between bona fide humanitarian intervention and the crime of aggression. Under international law, the crime of aggression is defined so vaguely that it potentially could be applied to try leaders who seek to stop documented mass atrocities with armed force. This Note seeks a resolution to that overlap: a path that would allow those who would plan and engage in bona fide humanitarian intervention to be exempt from prosecution for aggression. The Note first examines the genealogy of the crime of aggression. It then analyzes several possible solutions to policing aggression without unduly deterring humanitarian …
Blending The Law, The Individual, And Traditional Values To Create An Effective Adr System: A Study On The Adr Processes In Rwanda And Nicaragua, Sarah Yance
Pepperdine Dispute Resolution Law Journal
This article offers information on the history, development and significance of the adoption and implementation of the alternative dispute resolution (ADR) techniques in Nicaragua and Rwanda. The ADR system addresses the issues of women and children suffering from domestic abuse and from the repercussions of the Rwandan Genocide and helps in rebuilding and restoring traditional values of family and community in the context of human rights.
"Disillusioned Words Like Bullets Bark": Incitement To Genocide, Music, And The Trial Of Simon Bikindi, Robert H. Snyder
"Disillusioned Words Like Bullets Bark": Incitement To Genocide, Music, And The Trial Of Simon Bikindi, Robert H. Snyder
Georgia Journal of International & Comparative Law
No abstract provided.
Restrictions On Humanitarian Aid In Darfur: The Role Of The International Criminal Court, Mominah Usmani
Restrictions On Humanitarian Aid In Darfur: The Role Of The International Criminal Court, Mominah Usmani
Georgia Journal of International & Comparative Law
No abstract provided.