Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®
- Keyword
-
- Canada (12)
- Human rights (11)
- Right to housing (8)
- Human Rights (7)
- Housing--Law and legislation (5)
-
- Canada. Charter of Rights and Freedoms (3)
- Law (3)
- Sovereignty (3)
- Civil rights (2)
- Colonialism (2)
- Decolonization (2)
- Deportation (2)
- Genocide (2)
- International law (2)
- International law and human rights (2)
- Nigeria (2)
- Ontario (2)
- Refugee Law (2)
- 'Children's Rights' (1)
- 'Justice' (1)
- 'Non-State Actors' (1)
- 'State Actors' (1)
- Aboriginal (1)
- Access to justice (1)
- Administrative Decision-Making (1)
- African Children's Rights Committee (1)
- African Court on Human and Peoples’ Rights (1)
- African Union (1)
- African human rights system (1)
- Anti-colonialism (1)
- Publication Year
- Publication
- Publication Type
Articles 1 - 30 of 115
Full-Text Articles in Law
Enforcing International Human Rights Law Against Corporations, Barnali Choudhury
Enforcing International Human Rights Law Against Corporations, Barnali Choudhury
All Papers
International human rights law is generally thought to apply directly to states, not to corporations since the latter is not a subject of international law. Some domestic courts are, however, enforcing these norms against corporations in domestic settings. Canadian courts have, for instance, recognized that corporations can be liable for breach of customary international law norms while UK courts have enforced international human rights norms indirectly against corporations relying on a combination of domestic corporate and tort law.
At the same time, some states are choosing to enforce international human rights norms against corporations using regulatory initiatives. These initiatives, known …
An Imperial History Of Race-Religion In International Law, Rabiat Akande
An Imperial History Of Race-Religion In International Law, Rabiat Akande
Articles & Book Chapters
More than half a century after the UN’s adoption of the International Convention on the Prohibition of All Forms of Racial Discrimination, a debate has emerged over whether to extend the Convention’s protections to religious discrimination. This Article uses history to intervene in the debate. It argues that racial and religious othering were mutually co-constitutive in the colonial encounter and foundational to the making of modern international law. Moreover, the contemporary proposal to address the interplay of racial and religious othering is hardly new; iterations of that demand surfaced in the earlier twentieth century, as well. By illuminating the centrality …
Writing And Resisting Colonial Genocide, Heidi Matthews, Luann Good Gingrich, Joel Ong
Writing And Resisting Colonial Genocide, Heidi Matthews, Luann Good Gingrich, Joel Ong
Articles & Book Chapters
Canada has pursued policies of Indigenous assimilation and annihilation, many of which continue today. Among others, these include ‘Indian residential schools’, the Indian Act, welfare-state child removals, the Sixties Scoop, the prohibition of cultural practices, forced sterilization and environmental destruction. We are scholars co-leading a large interdisciplinary programme of research studying ‘colonial genocide’. Our research seeks to understand how historic colonialism and its contemporary manifestations rely on genocidal logic for power and profit. While we begin in Turtle Island, our work has global application. The act of naming is a powerful analytical and political tool, and ‘genocide’ is one of …
Corporate Law’S Threat To Human Rights: Why Human Rights Due Diligence Might Not Be Enough, Barnali Choudhury
Corporate Law’S Threat To Human Rights: Why Human Rights Due Diligence Might Not Be Enough, Barnali Choudhury
Articles & Book Chapters
The take-up of mandatory human rights due diligence (HRDD) initiatives by states is continuously gaining momentum. There are now numerous states adopting some form of HRDD laws. While corporations being duly diligent in respecting human rights is a positive step towards addressing problems of business and human rights, these HRDD initiatives on their own may only be a form of window-dressing, that is, enabling states to put a smart spin on their efforts to address business and human rights issues without addressing some of the root causes of that predicament. As a result, HRDD laws are likely to be a …
Neutralizing Secularism: Religious Antiliberalism And The Twentieth-Century Global Ecumenical Project, Rabiat Akande
Neutralizing Secularism: Religious Antiliberalism And The Twentieth-Century Global Ecumenical Project, Rabiat Akande
Articles & Book Chapters
A marked feature of the contemporary U.S. constitutional landscape is the campaign by an Evangelical- Catholic coalition against the idea of secularism, understood by this alliance to mean the exclusion of religion from the state and its progressive marginalization from social life. Departing from the tendency to treat this project as a national phenomenon, this article places it within a longer global genealogy of an earlier international Christian ecumenical effort to combat secularism. The triumph of that campaign culminated in the making of Article 18 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, now considered the paradigmatic international legal provision on …
Centring The Black Muslimah: Interrogating Gendered, Anti-Black Islamophobia, Rabiat Akande
Centring The Black Muslimah: Interrogating Gendered, Anti-Black Islamophobia, Rabiat Akande
Articles & Book Chapters
No abstract provided.
Transgender Erasure: Barriers Facing Transgender Refugees In Canada, Sean Rehaag, Alexandra Verman
Transgender Erasure: Barriers Facing Transgender Refugees In Canada, Sean Rehaag, Alexandra Verman
All Papers
This paper explores the experiences of transgender refugee claimants in Canada’s refugee status determination system, using mixed methods: quantitative analysis of data obtained from the Immigration and Refugee Board (IRB), reviews of published and unpublished decisions, country condition documentation packages and IRB guidelines, as well as interviews with refugee lawyers. Using these methods, we explore how credibility arises in transgender refugee claims, noting the impact of medicalization and country conditions materials on transgender claims, and drawing parallels between medical gatekeeping and credibility assessments in refugee claims. We identify potential explanations for low recorded numbers of transgender claims as rooted in …
Renewing Freedom Of Expression, Part Two: From The Contextual Approach To Proportionality Balancing, Jamie Cameron
Renewing Freedom Of Expression, Part Two: From The Contextual Approach To Proportionality Balancing, Jamie Cameron
All Papers
This article continues the project to renew the Charter’s methodology of expressive freedom in two parts. Part One explained that the Court’s approach to s.2(b) decision making is skewed against expressive freedom and must be addressed holistically, under ss.2(b) and s.1. (see J. Cameron, “Resetting the Foundations: Renewing Freedom of Expression under Section 2(b) of the Charter”, in B. Bird and D. Ross, eds., Forgotten Foundations of the Canadian Constitution. (LexisNexis Canada, 2022). Part One provided a critique of the current methodology, addressed the meaning of freedom under s.2(b), proposed a revised standard of breach, and sketched a …
Written Submission To The House Of Commons’ Justice And Human Rights Committee On Bill C-9: An Act To Amend The Judges Act, Craig M. Scott
Written Submission To The House Of Commons’ Justice And Human Rights Committee On Bill C-9: An Act To Amend The Judges Act, Craig M. Scott
Commissioned Reports, Studies and Public Policy Documents
This is a brief entered into evidence before the Canadian House of Commons’ Justice and Human Rights Committee during its consideration of Bill C-9, An Act to amend the Judges Act. Bill C-9 was introduced on First reading by the Government of Canada on December 16, 2021. The amendments in Bill C-9 concern the procedures by which the Canadian Judicial Council handles complaints of judicial misconduct. The brief argues that the Bill C-9 presents problems of transparency that undermine accountability of the judiciary in the face of concerns of misconduct. It seeks to demonstrate that Bill C-9’s effort to hide …
Submission Of The Citizen Lab (Munk School Of Global Affairs, University Of Toronto) To The United Nations Working Group On Enforced Or Involuntary Disappearances, Siena Anstis, Ronald J. Deibert, Émilie Laflèche, Jonathon W. Penney
Submission Of The Citizen Lab (Munk School Of Global Affairs, University Of Toronto) To The United Nations Working Group On Enforced Or Involuntary Disappearances, Siena Anstis, Ronald J. Deibert, Émilie Laflèche, Jonathon W. Penney
Commissioned Reports, Studies and Public Policy Documents
No abstract provided.
20 Years Later, Walkerton Inquiry Members Discuss Impact Of Recommendations With Wcwc Staff, Colin Burrowes, Gus Van Harten
20 Years Later, Walkerton Inquiry Members Discuss Impact Of Recommendations With Wcwc Staff, Colin Burrowes, Gus Van Harten
Editorials and Commentaries
No abstract provided.
The Grounds Of Human Rights, Brian Slattery
The Grounds Of Human Rights, Brian Slattery
All Papers
What is the rational foundation for the doctrine of universal human rights? Some philosophers, such as Alan Gewirth, argue that it may be discovered simply by reflection on certain essential features of the human constitution. However this approach has significant problems, achieving its ends by smuggling certain tacit premises into the argument. A better approach is one that appeals to the communal practices and traditions within which doctrines of human rights have evolved historically. It is here that Alasdair MacIntyre's work becomes relevant, because it maintains that traditions have a rationality of their own, and that all rationality is in …
A Comparison Of Gender-Based Violence Laws In Canada: A Report For The National Action Plan On Gender-Based Violence Working Group On Responsive Legal And Justice Systems, Jennifer Koshan, Janet Mosher, Wanda Wiegers
A Comparison Of Gender-Based Violence Laws In Canada: A Report For The National Action Plan On Gender-Based Violence Working Group On Responsive Legal And Justice Systems, Jennifer Koshan, Janet Mosher, Wanda Wiegers
Commissioned Reports, Studies and Public Policy Documents
This report undertakes a comparison of laws related to gender-based violence across Canada with a view to identifying promising practices. We use the definition of gender-based violence from the United Nations as our frame, analyzing laws relating to “any act of gender-based violence that results in, or is likely to result in, physical, sexual, or mental harm or suffering to women, including threats of such acts, coercion or arbitrary deprivation of liberty, whether occurring in public or in private life.” While the UN definition includes both intimate partner violence and sexual violence, our focus is largely on violence in the …
Experimenting With Credibility In Refugee Adjudication: Gaydar, Sean Rehaag, Hilary Evans Cameron
Experimenting With Credibility In Refugee Adjudication: Gaydar, Sean Rehaag, Hilary Evans Cameron
Articles & Book Chapters
Canada offers refugee protection to sexual minorities facing persecution abroad. While success rates for sexual minority refugee claims have generally been higher than the overall average at Canada’s Immigration and Refugee Board, hundreds of such claims are nonetheless turned down each year. The most common reason for denying these claims is that assertions about the claimants’ sexual orientations are determined not to be credible. Scholars have raised concerns about how such credibility determinations are made. This article contributes to the critical literature in this area by exploring sexual minority refugee claim credibility assessments through an experimental study involving simulated refugee …
Human Rights In Global Health: Rights- Based Governance For A Globalizing World Edited By Benjamin M. Meier And Lawrence O. Gostin1, Regiane Garcia, Kristi Heather Kenyon
Human Rights In Global Health: Rights- Based Governance For A Globalizing World Edited By Benjamin M. Meier And Lawrence O. Gostin1, Regiane Garcia, Kristi Heather Kenyon
Osgoode Hall Law Journal
THIS GROUNDBREAKING COMPILATION, edited by two scholars who helped to establish the “health and human rights” field, systematically explores the structures and processes of human rights implementation in global health institutions while arguing that a rights-based approach to health governance advances global health. The 640-page volume brings together forty-six experienced scholars and practitioners who have contributed to twenty-five chapters organized into six thematic sections. This “unprecedented collection of experts” provides unique, hands-on insights into how the “institutional determinants of the rights-based approach to health” facilitate—or hinder—the “mainstreaming” of human rights into global health interventions. The institutional determinants, which—in the contributors’ …
Holocaust, Genocide, And The Law: A Quest For Justice In A Post-Holocaust World By Michael J. Bazyler, Irina Samborski
Holocaust, Genocide, And The Law: A Quest For Justice In A Post-Holocaust World By Michael J. Bazyler, Irina Samborski
Osgoode Hall Law Journal
LAW IS COMMONLY THOUGHT OF as an antidote to genocide rather than its facilitator. In Holocaust, Genocide, and the Law, Professor Michael Bazyler of Chapman University’s Fowler School of Law refutes the notion that the Holocaust was an extralegal event—instead, he isolates the law as the preferred instrument of wholesale murder and destruction. The book traces the long shadow that the Holocaust has cast on the contemporary corpus of international law and many legal systems across the world. While it tells the unfolding catastrophe of the Holocaust as a legal history, the book considers the legal triumphs that followed the …
Implementing Undrip In Canada: Any Role For Corporations?, Basil Ugochukwu
Implementing Undrip In Canada: Any Role For Corporations?, Basil Ugochukwu
The Transnational Human Rights Review
The United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples (UNDRIP) offers guidance on how the rights of indigenous populations could be protected in the context of member states of the United Nations. While the Declaration prescribes what states need to do to effectively realize its objective, question is whether there are expectations on non-state actors such as corporations to contribute towards attaining those objectives. Though on the one hand the UNDRIP is textually not directed at corporations, on the other hand, corporations are routinely implicated in environments where massive violations of indigenous rights have occurred in various regions of …
Book Review: Irini Papanicolopulu, International Law And The Protection Of People At Sea (Oxford: Oxford University Press) 2018, Ramat Tobi Abudu
Book Review: Irini Papanicolopulu, International Law And The Protection Of People At Sea (Oxford: Oxford University Press) 2018, Ramat Tobi Abudu
The Transnational Human Rights Review
No abstract provided.
Opening The Doors To Justice In Africa: Analyzing State Acceptance Of The Right Of Individual Application To The African Court On Human And Peoples' Rights, Simon Zschirnt
The Transnational Human Rights Review
The African Court on Human and Peoples’ Rights took its place as the youngest of the three regional human rights courts with its establishment in 2006. However, the Court’s jurisdiction remains a work in progress. Thirty of the African Union’s fifty-five member states have ratified the protocol allowing the African Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights to refer cases to the Court but only ten have made the optional declaration allowing individuals direct access. Previous research has indicated that transitional states desirous of “locking in” new commitments to democracy and human rights have been particularly likely to ratify the protocol …
International Accountability In The Implementation Of The Right To Development And The “Wonderful Artificiality” Of Law: An African Perspective, Obiora C. Okafor, Uchechukwu Ngwaba
International Accountability In The Implementation Of The Right To Development And The “Wonderful Artificiality” Of Law: An African Perspective, Obiora C. Okafor, Uchechukwu Ngwaba
The Transnational Human Rights Review
The landscape for the implementation of the right to development has undergone significant transformative shifts with the recent establishment of a new expert mechanism on the right to development by the UN Human Rights Council, and the finalisation of a draft treaty on the right to development. Yet, much more can clearly still be done to strengthen UN, state and non-state actors thinking on accountability in the implementation of the right to development, to add to the already considerable progress that has taken place. Our paper explores what can be done, focusing on the African and international context. We conclude …
Online Abuse, Chilling Effects, And Human Rights, Jonathon W. Penney
Online Abuse, Chilling Effects, And Human Rights, Jonathon W. Penney
Articles & Book Chapters
Online harassment, cyberbullying, hate, and other forms of online abuse pose a significant threat to human rights in Canada. Now, the country is at a crossroads: it will face American pressure to adopt a broad immunity model similar to Section 230 of the Communications Decency Act (CDA) or, at long last, take more robust action to address cyberharassment and other online abuse, beyond the piecemeal approach used today. Central to this regulatory debate are concerns and claims about “chilling effects”—that is, the idea that certain regulatory actions may “chill” or deter people from exercising their rights online and in other …
Where Do We Go From Here? Reflections On The Lco’S Consultation And Conference, Daithí Mac Síthigh
Where Do We Go From Here? Reflections On The Lco’S Consultation And Conference, Daithí Mac Síthigh
Osgoode Hall Law Journal
This is a report on the Law Commission of Ontario’s one-day conference on defamation law and the Internet by the conference rapporteur. After reviewing the topical nature of the event (including its relationship with debate on defamation law in Ontario and elsewhere), this article discusses the position of defamation in a wider legal landscape. Points include the relationship between defamation and privacy, the impact of data protection, and the appropriateness of procedures. Then, the impact of technological change is assessed, referring to the liability of intermediaries, the enforcement of decisions, and the degree to which online communication can support a …
A Theoretical Framework For The Protection Of Environmental Refugees In International Law, Mathias Sahinkuye
A Theoretical Framework For The Protection Of Environmental Refugees In International Law, Mathias Sahinkuye
The Transnational Human Rights Review
This article analyzes the reality and the criteria for the legal protection of environmental refugees. Using an interdisciplinary approach, it addresses questions about the existence, nature, universality, justification, and legal status of environmental refugees. Despite the lively debates within the community of experts and scientists specializing in migration and/or environmental issues, there is no consensus today on a definition of the term “environmental refugees” since 1985 when it officially appeared. Several descriptions such as ecological refugees, environmental refugees, climate refugees, eco-refugees, climate évacué, environmental migrants, displaced persons due to a natural disaster, environmentally displaced persons, etc. have been used without …
Impacts Of Investment Treaties On Health And Human Rights, Gus Van Harten
Impacts Of Investment Treaties On Health And Human Rights, Gus Van Harten
Articles & Book Chapters
While investment treaties could help protect health and promote human rights, they are rather often used as a means to discourage governments from taking action. The treaties allow foreign investors to initiate investor-state dispute settlement (or ISDS) proceedings against states for their legislative, executive, administrative, and judicial decisions at any level. Thus, they provide a powerful tool for “foreign” investors to frustrate state action in virtually any area, including health and human rights. This article describes how ISDS provisions have impacted health-related decision- making by states and, in so doing, weakened their abilities to fulfill their human rights obligations.
Intersectional Human Rights At Cedaw: Promises Transmissions And Impacts, Amanda Barbara Allen Dale
Intersectional Human Rights At Cedaw: Promises Transmissions And Impacts, Amanda Barbara Allen Dale
PhD Dissertations
Starting from the premise that international human rights law is not a neutral fact, this dissertation is a critical exploration of the promises, transmissions and impacts of intersectionality as an approach to gender protections in international human rights law. I begin with a definition of intersectionality at the individual claimant and jurisprudential levels, as an approach to anti-discrimination and equality law that attempts to move beyond static conceptions and fixed identities of discriminated subjects, and, based on Kimberl Crenshaws powerful metaphor of a traffic intersection, delineates the flow of discrimination as multi-directional, and injury as seldom attributable to a single …
Economic Wrongs And Social Rights: Analyzing The Impact Of Systemic Corruption On Realization Of Economic And Social Rights In Kenya And The Potential Redress Offered By The Optional Protocol To The International Covenant On Economic, Social Rights And Cultural Rights, Caroline Omari Lichuma
The Transnational Human Rights Review
No abstract provided.
A Right To Universal Health Coverage In Resource-Constrained Nations? Towards A Blueprint For Better Health Outcomes, Uchechukwu Ngwaba
A Right To Universal Health Coverage In Resource-Constrained Nations? Towards A Blueprint For Better Health Outcomes, Uchechukwu Ngwaba
The Transnational Human Rights Review
Universal health coverage, as conceived by the World Health Organization (WHO) and adopted in the programmatic framework of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), is a clarion call for states to strengthen their health financing systems to avoid catastrophic and impoverishing health spending. However, the framing of the goals of universal health coverage fails to take account of underlying determinants of health and appears to abandon decades of health rights scholarship and jurisprudence. This scholarship and jurisprudence, although not entirely free from disagreements and shortcomings, is argued to offer a better framework for universal health coverage when strengthened with the paradigm …
Deprivation Of Nationality As A Counter-Terrorism Tool: A Comparative Analysis Of Canadian And Dutch Legislation, Tom Boekestein
Deprivation Of Nationality As A Counter-Terrorism Tool: A Comparative Analysis Of Canadian And Dutch Legislation, Tom Boekestein
The Transnational Human Rights Review
No abstract provided.
Stewart V. Elk Valley: The Case Of The Cocaine-Using Coal Miner, Faisal Bhabha
Stewart V. Elk Valley: The Case Of The Cocaine-Using Coal Miner, Faisal Bhabha
All Papers
It has for some time been settled under section 15 of the Charter and within anti-discrimination code definitions that "disability" includes "addictions". Labour boards and human rights tribunals have long accepted that "alcohol and drug addiction are illnesses and are physical and mental disabilities for the purposes of the Human Rights Code. There are no reasons to consider them any less an illness or disability than any other serious affliction."' The shift in expert consensus led to notable changes to the key American diagnostic instrument, the DSM 5, adopted in 2013 with a completely revised approach to addictions. What is …
Report Of The Independent Expert On Human Rights And International Solidarity, Obiora C. Okafor
Report Of The Independent Expert On Human Rights And International Solidarity, Obiora C. Okafor
Commissioned Reports, Studies and Public Policy Documents
This is the first report prepared by Obiora Chinedu Okafor in his capacity as Independent Expert on human rights and international solidarity. In the report, submitted pursuant to Human Rights Council resolution 35/3, the Independent Expert sets out his vision for the mandate, summarizes the work undertaken so far by his predecessors, outlines his objectives and methods of work, and discusses possible thematic priorities for the mandate.