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Full-Text Articles in Law
How To Get Away With Discrimination: The Use Of Algorithms To Discriminate In The Internet Entertainment Industry, Sumra Wahid
How To Get Away With Discrimination: The Use Of Algorithms To Discriminate In The Internet Entertainment Industry, Sumra Wahid
American University Journal of Gender, Social Policy & the Law
In July 2021, Ziggi Tyler posted a video on TikTok, a popular video sharing platform, where he expressed his frustration with being a Black content creator on TikTok. The video showed Ziggi typing phrases such as “Black Lives Matter” or “Black success” into his Marketplace creator bio, which the app would immediately flag as inappropriate content. However, when Ziggi replaced those words with “white supremacy” or “white success,” no inappropriateness warning appeared. Although a TikTok spokesperson responded to the video clarifying that the app had mistakenly flagged phrases without considering word order, Ziggi refused to let an algorithm absolve TikTok …
Title Ix Administers A Booster Shot: The Effect Of Private Donations On Title Ix, Charlotte Franklin
Title Ix Administers A Booster Shot: The Effect Of Private Donations On Title Ix, Charlotte Franklin
Northwestern Journal of Law & Social Policy
Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972 (Title IX) prohibits discrimination on the basis of sex in federally funded education programs or activities. Since its enactment, Title IX has dramatically increased interscholastic and intercollegiate athletic opportunities for women and girls. Despite indisputable progress since Title IX’s enactment, particularly for female athletes, many high schools and universities still fail to offer equal athletic opportunities for members of both sexes. Inadequate educational resources for high school and university athletic department administrators leads to a misunderstanding of Title IX’s requirements. This misunderstanding results in institutional misconduct and non-compliance with Title IX. In …
The Gender Pay Gap, In Relation To Professional Sports, Bryan Ramdat
The Gender Pay Gap, In Relation To Professional Sports, Bryan Ramdat
Journal of Race, Gender, and Ethnicity
No abstract provided.
Sex Is Not A Three-Letter Word: The Effect Of Manipulating The Definition Of "Sex" On The Future Of Transgender Athletes, Emily Grubman
Sex Is Not A Three-Letter Word: The Effect Of Manipulating The Definition Of "Sex" On The Future Of Transgender Athletes, Emily Grubman
Loyola of Los Angeles Entertainment Law Review
Title IX makes it unlawful for educational institutions receiving federal funding to discriminate “on the basis of sex.” But in the context of high school and college athletics, and specific to transgender athletes, what should the meaning of “sex” be? The Obama administration believed that “on the basis of sex” in Title IX includes “gender” in the meaning of “sex.” However, the Trump administration has proposed revoking that understanding, limiting the term “sex” to mean male or female, defined at birth. In the com- ing year, the Supreme Court may decide in R.G. & G.R. Harris Funeral Homes, Inc. v. …
Esports And Its Reinforcement Of Gender Divides, Kruthika N. S.
Esports And Its Reinforcement Of Gender Divides, Kruthika N. S.
Marquette Sports Law Review
None
2019 Annual Survey: Recent Developments In Sports Law, Audrey Johnson
2019 Annual Survey: Recent Developments In Sports Law, Audrey Johnson
Marquette Sports Law Review
None
Undressing The Locker Room Issue: Applying Title Ix To The Legal Battle Over Locker Room Equality For Transgender Student-Athletes, Meghan M. Pirics
Undressing The Locker Room Issue: Applying Title Ix To The Legal Battle Over Locker Room Equality For Transgender Student-Athletes, Meghan M. Pirics
Marquette Sports Law Review
None
Uniform Rules: Addressing The Disparate Rules That Deny Student-Athletes The Opportunity To Participate In Sports According To Gender Identity, Chelsea Shrader
Uniform Rules: Addressing The Disparate Rules That Deny Student-Athletes The Opportunity To Participate In Sports According To Gender Identity, Chelsea Shrader
University of Richmond Law Review
No abstract provided.
Wisconsin Legislature Employs Halftime Adjustment: How Wisconsin's "New" Indian Mascot Law Changes The Outlook For Future Challenges To The Use Of Discriminatory Nicknames, Mascots, And Logos In Wisconsin Schools, Jeremy Daniel Heacox
Marquette Sports Law Review
None
European Football's Home-Grown Players Rules And Nationality Discrimination Under The European Community Treaty, Lloyd Freeburn
European Football's Home-Grown Players Rules And Nationality Discrimination Under The European Community Treaty, Lloyd Freeburn
Marquette Sports Law Review
No abstract provided.
Educational Athletic Employment And Civil Rights: Examining Discrimination Based On Disability, Age, And Race, Diane Heckman
Educational Athletic Employment And Civil Rights: Examining Discrimination Based On Disability, Age, And Race, Diane Heckman
Marquette Sports Law Review
No abstract provided.
"No Drinking, No Drugs, No Lesbians": Sexual Orientation Discrimination In Intercollegiate Athletics, Barbara Osborne
"No Drinking, No Drugs, No Lesbians": Sexual Orientation Discrimination In Intercollegiate Athletics, Barbara Osborne
Marquette Sports Law Review
No abstract provided.
Playing The Game Of Academic Integrity Vs. Athletic Success: The Americans With Disabilities Act (Ada) And Intercollegiate Student-Athletes With Learning Disabilities , Yuri Nicholas Walker
Playing The Game Of Academic Integrity Vs. Athletic Success: The Americans With Disabilities Act (Ada) And Intercollegiate Student-Athletes With Learning Disabilities , Yuri Nicholas Walker
Marquette Sports Law Review
No abstract provided.
Panel Ii: Thirty Years Of Title Ix, Linda Wharton, Lawrence Joseph, Donna Lopiano, Alison Marshall
Panel Ii: Thirty Years Of Title Ix, Linda Wharton, Lawrence Joseph, Donna Lopiano, Alison Marshall
Fordham Intellectual Property, Media and Entertainment Law Journal
No abstract provided.
Reflections On Augusta: Judicial, Legislative And Economic Approaches To Private Race And Gender Consciousness, Scott R. Rosner
Reflections On Augusta: Judicial, Legislative And Economic Approaches To Private Race And Gender Consciousness, Scott R. Rosner
University of Michigan Journal of Law Reform
In light of the recent controversy surrounding Augusta National Golf Club's exclusionary membership policy, this Article highlights the myriad incentives and disincentives that Augusta and similar clubs have for reforming such policies. The author acknowledges the economic importance of club membership in many business communities and addresses the extent to which club members' claims of rights of privacy and free association are valid. The Article also considers the potential of judicial action in promoting the adoption of more inclusive membership policy; the state action doctrine and the First Amendment right to freedom of association are discussed as frameworks under which …
The Americans With Disabilities Act And The Aging Athlete After Casey Martin, Alison Barnes
The Americans With Disabilities Act And The Aging Athlete After Casey Martin, Alison Barnes
Marquette Sports Law Review
No abstract provided.
Gender And Intercollegiate Athletics: Data And Myths, Julia Lamber
Gender And Intercollegiate Athletics: Data And Myths, Julia Lamber
University of Michigan Journal of Law Reform
This Article explores what nondiscrimination means in the context of intercollegiate athletics. After reviewing the Department of Education's controversial Title IX Policy Interpretation, it critically examines the analytical framework used in Title IX athletic cases and concludes that commonly made analogies to litigation under Title VII of the 1964 Civil Rights Act are inapt. A major part of the Article is an empirical study, looking first at gender equity plans written by institutions of higher education for the National Collegiate Athletic Association and then at data collected from more than 325 institutions pursuant to the Equity in Athletics Disclosure Act. …
The Struggle For Sex Equality In Sport And The Theory Behind Title Ix, Deborah Brake
The Struggle For Sex Equality In Sport And The Theory Behind Title Ix, Deborah Brake
University of Michigan Journal of Law Reform
Title IX's three-part test for measuring discrimination in the provision of athletic opportunities to male and female students has generated heated controversy in recent years. In this Article, Professor Brake discusses the theoretical underpinnings behind the three-part test and offers a comprehensive justification of this theory as applied to the context of sport. She begins with an analysis of the test's relationship to other areas of sex discrimination law, concluding that, unlike most contexts, Title IX rejects formal equality as its guiding theory, adopting instead an approach that focuses on the institutional structures that subordinate girls and women in sport. …
Baseball And The Rule Of Law, Paul Finkelman
Baseball And The Rule Of Law, Paul Finkelman
Cleveland State Law Review
Most cultures have a new year of some kind; a season of beginning. For lawyers who are baseball fans, there are two beginnings, two seasons. The first season begins in April, and begins to wind down in October. That is of course, the baseball season. But, with baseball finished, we can turn to the Court, and watch it with a keen eye. The Court's season continues to build to its climax in the Spring. Just as the baseball season is beginning its slow opening, the Court overwhelms us in the spring with what sometimes seems to be an avalanche of …
The Social Construction Of Identity In Criminal Cases: Cinema Verité And The Pedagogy Of Vincent Chin, Paula C. Johnson
The Social Construction Of Identity In Criminal Cases: Cinema Verité And The Pedagogy Of Vincent Chin, Paula C. Johnson
Michigan Journal of Race and Law
This article will discuss the use of the film, Who Killed Vincent Chin?, as a method: (1) to analyze the relationship of social constructions of identity, particularly race, on the rules and discretionary application of criminal jurisprudence; (2) to provide an interactive pedagogical tool for law teachers, especially criminal law teachers, to examine the social contexts of criminal jurisprudence from multiple perspectives; and (3) to examine the ability of criminal law doctrine to address issues of race.
Pornography Is A Civil Rights Issue For Women, Andrea Dworkin
Pornography Is A Civil Rights Issue For Women, Andrea Dworkin
University of Michigan Journal of Law Reform
My name is Andrea Dworkin. I am a citizen of the United States, and in this country where I live, every year millions and millions of pictures are being made of women with our legs spread. We are called beaver, we are called pussy, our genitals are tied up, they are pasted, makeup is put on them to make them pop out of a page at a male viewer. Millions and millions of pictures are made of us in postures of submission and sexual access so that our vaginas are exposed for penetration, our anuses are exposed for penetration, our …