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Articles 1 - 30 of 103
Full-Text Articles in Law
The Ncaa's Challenge In Determining Nil Market Value, Meg Penrose
The Ncaa's Challenge In Determining Nil Market Value, Meg Penrose
Faculty Scholarship
This Article proceeds in three parts. Part II discusses the changes that NIL has wrought in college athletics. It briefly explains collectives and their impact on NIL. Part III discusses the impossibility of limiting athletes’ “fair market value” given market value depends on what the market is willing to pay. Congress has failed to pass national legislation. Yet the mosaic of state laws is simply unfit to stand in for national legislation. And, following multiple litigation losses, the NCAA cannot be trusted to “value” the athletes themselves. Market value, if one is to be established, must be uniform and assessed …
Utility, Copyright, And Fair Use After Warhol, Keith N. Hylton
Utility, Copyright, And Fair Use After Warhol, Keith N. Hylton
Faculty Scholarship
This paper is a reaction to AWF v. Goldsmith (Warhol), which finds that Warhol’s adaptation of a photograph of Prince, taken by photographer Lynn Goldsmith, is not protected from copyright liability by the fair use defense. The Warhol dissent accuses the majority of being overly concerned with the commercial character of Warhol’s use, while the dissent emphasizes the artistically transformative quality of Warhol’s adaptation. These different approaches provide strong evidence that the theory of fair use remains unclear to the Court. There is a need for a simple positive theory of the fair use doctrine. That need was largely …
Foreword, Jessica Silbey
Foreword, Jessica Silbey
Faculty Scholarship
Most of us think we are familiar with graffiti – lettering on trains or graphic images on walls that follow us as we walk by. But Enrico Bonadio’s new book on graffiti and street art opens a door to more complex and nuanced worlds of artists and their communities. The focus is on everyday creators of graffiti and street art. Built from nearly 100 interviews and hundreds of hours of observation, the book is filled with the voices of artists and vivid details of their plein air studios and interactions. Also present in the book is the author, who weaves …
Fashion In The Times Of War: The Recent Exodus Of Luxury Brands From Russia And What It Means For Trademark Law, Irene Calboli, Vera Sevastianova
Fashion In The Times Of War: The Recent Exodus Of Luxury Brands From Russia And What It Means For Trademark Law, Irene Calboli, Vera Sevastianova
Faculty Scholarship
In February 2022, Russia infamously invaded Ukraine, starting an unprovoked war. As a result, many foreign companies left their Russia-based operations, including most luxury fashion houses. In these remarks, we elaborate on the possible issues that these companies may face regarding the enforcement of their IP rights in Russia, particularly trademark rights, following their departure resulting from the sanctions imposed by Western countries.
At the time of writing, perhaps the most pressing issue is whether luxury fashion houses risk losing their trademark rights in Russia due to their decision to suspend their operations, even though temporarily. An additional issue facing …
The Fiction Of Nfts And Copyright Infringement, Emily T. Behzadi
The Fiction Of Nfts And Copyright Infringement, Emily T. Behzadi
Faculty Scholarship
In the first quarter of 2021, the sales of art in the form of Non-Fungible Tokens (“NFTs”) reached over $200 billion dollars. The arrival of NFTs in the mainstream art market has profoundly shaped the way artists exploit their works. This sensational boom has attracted some of the world's biggest names across pop culture and sports, including celebrities such as Snoop Dogg, Paris Hilton, Post Malone, Tom Brady and Rob Gronkowski, to create their own NFT art. Director Quentin Tarantino has also capitalized on this craze through the creation of an NFT collection based on the film Pulp Fiction. However, …
When Imitation Is Not Flattery: Addressing Cultural Exploitation In Guatemala Through A Sui Generis Model, Paul Figueroa
When Imitation Is Not Flattery: Addressing Cultural Exploitation In Guatemala Through A Sui Generis Model, Paul Figueroa
Faculty Scholarship
Indigenous Guatemalan weavers are fighting for intellectual property laws that better protect their designs and other cultural expressions. The exploitation and appropriation by local and international companies has negatively affected the weavers’ livelihoods and resulted in culturally inappropriate uses of spiritual and traditional symbols. Adhering to Western ideals of individual creativity and utility, intellectual property laws in most of the world (including Guatemala) are not suited to protect indigenous creations. To address this legal gap, some countries have adopted sui generis legal regimes that align with communal notions of creation, ownership and stewardship found in indigenous knowledge systems. Based on …
Dysregulating The Media: Digital Redlining, Privacy Erosion, And The Unintentional Deregulation Of American Media, Jon M. Garon
Dysregulating The Media: Digital Redlining, Privacy Erosion, And The Unintentional Deregulation Of American Media, Jon M. Garon
Faculty Scholarship
Netflix, Amazon, YouTube, and Apple have been joined by Disney+, Twitch, Facebook, and others to supplant the broadcast industry. As the FCC, FTC, and other regulators struggle, a new digital divide has emerged. The current regulatory regime for television is built upon the government’s right to manage over-the-air broadcasting. As content producers shift away from broadcast and cable, much of the government’s regulatory control will end, resulting in new consequences for public policy and new challenges involving privacy, advertising, and antitrust law. Despite the technological change, there are compelling government interests in a healthy media environment. This article explores the …
Let's Get Serious - The Clear Case For Compensating The Student Athlete - By The Numbers - A University Of Michigan Athletic Program Case Study, Neal Newman
Faculty Scholarship
Should college athletes be compensated for their play and if so, how? The first question has been a debate for some time now. But the second question—the “how”—not so much. This writing addresses both questions in depth. With the Ed O’Bannon case that was decided back in August of 2014 and the palaver the Northwestern football team raised in their efforts to unionize, it is acknowledged that the discussions on this issue may have reached its crescendo years ago. That is until now. On September 27, 2019, Gavin Newsom, the Governor of California, signed into law Senate Bill 206. Senate …
Criminalizing Match-Fixing As America Legalized Sports Gambling, Jodi Balsam
Criminalizing Match-Fixing As America Legalized Sports Gambling, Jodi Balsam
Faculty Scholarship
No abstract provided.
Abram I. Elkus: The New York Yankees’ First Lawyer, Robert Jarvis
Abram I. Elkus: The New York Yankees’ First Lawyer, Robert Jarvis
Faculty Scholarship
No abstract provided.
The Precarious Position Of The Fourth Estate In Trumptopia: The Role Of Popular Culture And The Law In Protecting Media Freedom, Taylor Simpson-Wood
The Precarious Position Of The Fourth Estate In Trumptopia: The Role Of Popular Culture And The Law In Protecting Media Freedom, Taylor Simpson-Wood
Faculty Scholarship
No abstract provided.
As Seen Through The Eye Of The Camera: A Portrayal Of How Cultural Changes Societal Shifts And The Fight For Gender Equality Transformed The Law Of Divorce, Taylor Simpson-Wood
As Seen Through The Eye Of The Camera: A Portrayal Of How Cultural Changes Societal Shifts And The Fight For Gender Equality Transformed The Law Of Divorce, Taylor Simpson-Wood
Faculty Scholarship
No abstract provided.
Minimum And Maximum Protection Under International Copyright Treaties, Jane C. Ginsburg
Minimum And Maximum Protection Under International Copyright Treaties, Jane C. Ginsburg
Faculty Scholarship
This Comment addresses minimum and maximum substantive international protections set out in the Berne Convention and subsequent multilateral copyright accords. While much scholarship has addressed Berne minima, the maxima have generally received less attention. It first discusses the general structure of the Berne Convention, TRIPS, and the WCT regarding these contours, and then analyzes their application to the recent “press publishers’ right” promulgated in the 2019 EU Digital Single Market Directive.
Against Progress: Interventions About Equality In Supreme Court Cases About Copyright Law, Jessica Silbey
Against Progress: Interventions About Equality In Supreme Court Cases About Copyright Law, Jessica Silbey
Faculty Scholarship
This symposium essay is adapted from my forthcoming book Against Progress: Intellectual Property and Fundamental Values in the Internet Age (Stanford University Press 2021 forthcoming). The book’s primary argument is that, with the rise of digital technology and the ubiquity of the internet, intellectual property law is becoming a mainstream part of law and culture. This mainstreaming of IP has particular effects, one of which is the surfacing of on-going debates about “progress of science and the useful arts,” which is the constitutional purpose of intellectual property rights.
In brief, Against Progress describes how in the 20th century intellectual property …
Michael Vick, Robert Byrd, And The Case For Redemption, Vinay Harpalani
Michael Vick, Robert Byrd, And The Case For Redemption, Vinay Harpalani
Faculty Scholarship
At the 2020 Pro Bowl, former NFL quarterback Michael Vick will be honored as one of the legends captains. Vick’s selection has sparked controversy, because in 2007, he was convicted of operating a dog fighting ring. Vick has served his prison sentence, and beyond that, he has sought redemption. We should extend forgiveness and let the NFL honor Michael Vick.
The Legal Design For Parenting Concussion Risk, Katharine B. Silbaugh
The Legal Design For Parenting Concussion Risk, Katharine B. Silbaugh
Faculty Scholarship
This Article addresses a question as yet unexplored in the emerging concussion risk literature: how does the statutorily assigned parental role in concussion risk management conceptualize the legal significance of the parent, and does it align with other areas of law that authorize and limit parental risk decision-making? Parents are the centerpiece of the “Lystedt” youth concussion legislation in all fifty states, and yet the extensive legal literature about that legislation contains no discussion of parents as legal actors and makes no effort to situate their statutory role into the larger legal framework of parental authority. This Article considers the …
The Lawyer As Superhero: How Marvel Comics' Daredevil Depicts The American Court System And Legal Practice, Louis Michael Rosen
The Lawyer As Superhero: How Marvel Comics' Daredevil Depicts The American Court System And Legal Practice, Louis Michael Rosen
Faculty Scholarship
This article will explore on the portrayal of lawyers and the legal system in Daredevil comic books, particularly issues published in the Twenty-First Century. Because the Daredevil movie and the first two seasons of the Netflix television series have already been examined from various legal perspectives in past articles, this piece will highlight legal storylines from the comics themselves. This exploration is important because writers of future Netflix seasons will surely draw story elements from the comics discussed here and will very likely adapt these exact stories, encouraging the larger television audience to seek out and read the original comics. …
The Ncaa And The Irs: Life At The Intersection Of College Sports And The Federal Income Tax, Richard L. Schmalbeck, Lawrence A. Zelenak
The Ncaa And The Irs: Life At The Intersection Of College Sports And The Federal Income Tax, Richard L. Schmalbeck, Lawrence A. Zelenak
Faculty Scholarship
Few organizational acronyms are more familiar to Americans than those of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) and the Internal Revenue Service (IRS). Although neither organization is particularly popular, both loom large in American life and popular culture. Because there is a tax aspect to just about everything, it should come as no surprise that the domains of the NCAA and the IRS overlap in a number of ways. For many decades, the strong tendency in those areas has been for college athletics to enjoy unreasonably generous tax treatment-sometimes because of the failure of the IRS to enforce the tax …
Intellectual Property Harms: A Paradigm For The Twenty-First Century, Jessica Silbey
Intellectual Property Harms: A Paradigm For The Twenty-First Century, Jessica Silbey
Faculty Scholarship
This short essay is part of a larger book project that investigates how contemporary intellectual property debates, especially in the digital age, are taking place over less familiar terrain: fundamental rights and values. Its argument draws from the diverse, personal accounts of interviews from everyday creators and innovators and focuses on descriptions of harms and, as some say “abuses,” they suffer within their practicing communities. The harms are not described are the usual harms that intellectual property law is understood to prevent. Typically, intellectual property injuries are conceived in individual terms and as economic injuries. An infringer is a thief. …
Semenya And Asa V Iaaf: Affirming The Lawfulness Of A Sex-Based Eligibility Rule For The Women’S Category In Elite Sport, Doriane Lambelet Coleman
Semenya And Asa V Iaaf: Affirming The Lawfulness Of A Sex-Based Eligibility Rule For The Women’S Category In Elite Sport, Doriane Lambelet Coleman
Faculty Scholarship
No abstract provided.
Authors And Machines, Jane C. Ginsburg, Luke Ali Budiardjo
Authors And Machines, Jane C. Ginsburg, Luke Ali Budiardjo
Faculty Scholarship
Machines, by providing the means of mass production of works of authorship, engendered copyright law. Throughout history, the emergence of new technologies tested the concept of authorship, and courts in response endeavored to clarify copyright’s foundational principles. Today, developments in computer science have created a new form of machine, the “artificially intelligent” (AI) system apparently endowed with “computational creativity.” AI systems introduce challenging variations on the perennial question of what makes one an “author” in copyright law: Is the creator of a generative program automatically the author of the works her process begets, even if she cannot anticipate the contents …
Existential Copyright And Professional Photography, Jessica Silbey, Eva Subotnik, Peter Dicola
Existential Copyright And Professional Photography, Jessica Silbey, Eva Subotnik, Peter Dicola
Faculty Scholarship
Intellectual property law has intended benefits, but it also carries certain costs — deliberately so. Skeptics have asked: Why should intellectual property law exist at all? To get traction on that overly broad but still important inquiry, we decided to ask a new, preliminary question: What do creators in a particular industry actually use intellectual property for? In this first-of-its-kind study, we conducted thirty-two in-depth qualitative interviews of photographers about how copyright law functions within their creative and business practices. By learning the actual functions of copyright law on the ground, we can evaluate and contextualize existing theories of intellectual …
When Popular Culture And The Nfl Collide: Fan Responsibility In Ending The Concussion Crisis, Taylor Simpson-Wood
When Popular Culture And The Nfl Collide: Fan Responsibility In Ending The Concussion Crisis, Taylor Simpson-Wood
Faculty Scholarship
No abstract provided.
A ‘Bad Rap’: R. V. Skeete And The Admissibility Of Rap Lyric Evidence, Ngozi Okidegbe
A ‘Bad Rap’: R. V. Skeete And The Admissibility Of Rap Lyric Evidence, Ngozi Okidegbe
Faculty Scholarship
The use of accused-authored rap lyric evidence is no longer rare in Canadian criminal proceedings. Adduced by Crown prosecutors, rap lyrics written or co-written by an accused are increasingly used in criminal trials as evidence of the accused’s intent, knowledge, motive, identity, or confession to the commission of the specific offence charged. The practice is not without controversy.1 The introduction of an accused’s artistic work in the form of rap lyrics at trial engages trial fairness concerns. Without a keen awareness of the social and cultural context that produces rap music, trial actors risk inflating their probative value and …
Intellectual Property As Seen By Barbie And Mickey: The Reciprocal Relationship Of Copyright And Trademark Law, Jane C. Ginsburg
Intellectual Property As Seen By Barbie And Mickey: The Reciprocal Relationship Of Copyright And Trademark Law, Jane C. Ginsburg
Faculty Scholarship
Some years ago, caselaw on trademark parodies and similar unauthorized “speech” uses of trademarks could have led one to conclude that the law had no sense of humor. Over time, however, courts in the US and elsewhere began to leaven likelihood of confusion analyses with healthy skepticism regarding consumers’ alleged inability to perceive a joke. These decisions did not always expressly cite the copyright fair use defense, but the considerations underlying the copyright doctrine seemed to inform trademark analysis as well. The spillover effect may indeed have been inevitable, as several of the cases in which the fair use defense …
All Quiet In The Western (European Football) Front: Regulation Of Football In The European Continent, Petros C. Mavroidis
All Quiet In The Western (European Football) Front: Regulation Of Football In The European Continent, Petros C. Mavroidis
Faculty Scholarship
Regulation of football in Europe is, absent some piecemeal interventions (like sharing of TV rights) largely non-existent. This is the case, because the de facto regulator (UEFA, Union Européenne of Football Associations) has no mandate to comprehensively address on its own competitive balance, the focal point of football, and, in more general terms, sports regulation. Various aspects of competitive balance are part and parcel of antitrust law. European Union (EU) law thus, comes into the frame, since this is the body of law regulating antitrust in the European continent. The European Union, nevertheless, has no mandate to regulate football comprehensively, …
"Free Speech, First Amendment, And New Media For Cons And Festivals" From Pop Culture Business Handbook For Cons And Festivals, Jon Garon
Faculty Scholarship
This article is part of a series of book excerpts from The Pop Culture Business Handbook for Cons and Festivals, which provides the business, strategy, and legal reference guide for fan conventions, film festivals, musical festivals, and cultural events.Although most events are organized by private parties, the location of these events in public venues and the crowd management issues involving free speech make First Amendment and free speech issues a critical component of event management. This excerpt provides a framework for understanding the legal and security issues involving free speech at public events.
"Revenues And Expenses For Cons And Festivals" From The Pop Culture Business Handbook For Cons And Festivals, Jon Garon
Faculty Scholarship
This article is part of a series of book excerpts from The Pop Culture Business Handbook for Cons and Festivals, which provides the business, strategy, and legal reference guide for fan conventions, film festivals, musical festivals, and cultural events.When organizing a festival or Con, the economic model used to develop the event will drive many of the key decisions. If one accepts that the designing of the Con is a form of building a complex game for the attendees, then the Con economy will define many of the structural design choices which will come later in the planning. These chapters …
"The Theories Underlying The Con Environment" From The Pop Culture Business Handbook For Cons And Festivals, Jon Garon
Faculty Scholarship
This article is part of a series of book excerpts from The Pop Culture Business Handbook for Cons and Festivals, which provides the business, strategy, and legal reference guide for fan conventions, film festivals, musical festivals, and cultural events.Content from Cons and festivals dominate U.S. pop culture. The conventions serve as launching pads for new artists, entrepreneurs, and innovators. The smaller versions of these events create space to develop fan fiction, allow new artists to expose their work to interested audiences, and provide an entry point for new creative enterprises. As a cultural event and platform for expression, these events …
"The Reel Story: Film Festivals And Markets" From The Pop Culture Business Handbook For Cons And Festivals, Jon Garon
Faculty Scholarship
This article is part of a series of book excerpts from The Pop Culture Business Handbook for Cons and Festivals, which provides the business, strategy, and legal reference guide for fan conventions, film festivals, musical festivals, and cultural events.There may be between three thousand and four thousand film festivals running this year. Compared to fewer than 750 feature films that are released theatrically during the year, the overwhelming number of film festivals make this experience somewhat unique within the Con culture. A film festival attracts its audience in order to highlight the best work it can showcase and to recognize …