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Full-Text Articles in Law

Same Crime, Different Time: Sentencing Disparities In The Deep South & A Path Forward Under The Fourteenth Amendment, Hailey M. Donovan Jan 2024

Same Crime, Different Time: Sentencing Disparities In The Deep South & A Path Forward Under The Fourteenth Amendment, Hailey M. Donovan

Seattle University Law Review

The United States has the highest incarceration rate of any country in the world. The American obsession with crime and punishment can be tracked over the last half-century, as the nation’s incarceration rate has risen astronomically. Since 1970, the number of incarcerated people in the United States has increased more than sevenfold to over 2.3 million, outpacing both crime and population growth considerably. While the rise itself is undoubtedly bleak, a more troubling truth lies just below the surface. Not all states contribute equally to American mass incarceration. Rather, states have vastly different incarceration rates. Unlike at the federal level, …


Stop Punishing Our Kids: How Title Vii Can Protect Children Of Color In Public School’S Discipline Practices, Lizette Rodriguez Mar 2020

Stop Punishing Our Kids: How Title Vii Can Protect Children Of Color In Public School’S Discipline Practices, Lizette Rodriguez

Journal of the National Association of Administrative Law Judiciary

Section I of this comment considers the evolution of education in the United States and how American society dealt with racial discrimination in public schools in the past, and how those facts and decisions differ from the issues that students of color are facing today. Section II explains the Equal Protection Clause (EPC) and analyzes the seminal cases that demonstrate the power of the EPC and when it is appropriate to use it. Section III introduces Title VII and walks through violations of disparate impact discrimination and disparate treatment discrimination. Section IV explains what the Department of Education’s Civil Rights …


Embracing Race-Conscious College Admissions Programs: How Fisher V. University Of Texas At Austin Redefines "Affirmative Action" As A Holistic Approach To Admissions That Ensures Equal, Not Preferential, Treatment, Nancy L. Zisk Jun 2019

Embracing Race-Conscious College Admissions Programs: How Fisher V. University Of Texas At Austin Redefines "Affirmative Action" As A Holistic Approach To Admissions That Ensures Equal, Not Preferential, Treatment, Nancy L. Zisk

Nancy L. Zisk

In Fisher v. University of Texas at Austin, the United States Supreme Court affirmed well-established Supreme Court doctrine that race may be considered when a college or university decides whom to admit and whom to reject, as long as the consideration of race is part of a narrowly tailored holistic consideration of an applicant's many distinguishing features. The Court's latest decision heralds a new way of thinking about holistic race-conscious admissions programs. Rather than considering them as "affirmative action" plans that prefer any one applicant to the disadvantage of another, they should be viewed as the Court has described …


Fisher V. University Of Texas At Austin: Navigating The Narrows Between Grutter And Parents Involved, Kimberly A. Pacelli Oct 2017

Fisher V. University Of Texas At Austin: Navigating The Narrows Between Grutter And Parents Involved, Kimberly A. Pacelli

Maine Law Review

Universities’ use of race as a factor in their admissions decisions has been a divisive issue both in the legal system and in political discourse. Opponents of affirmative action have challenged racial preferences in public university admissions under the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment. Individuals who find themselves denied a coveted seat in a university class and suspect that racial preferences are to blame will often challenge their rejection as a denial of their state’s “equal protection of the laws.” The United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit recently considered whether the University of Texas at …


Embracing Race-Conscious College Admissions Programs: How Fisher V. University Of Texas At Austin Redefines "Affirmative Action" As A Holistic Approach To Admissions That Ensures Equal, Not Preferential, Treatment, Nancy L. Zisk Jan 2017

Embracing Race-Conscious College Admissions Programs: How Fisher V. University Of Texas At Austin Redefines "Affirmative Action" As A Holistic Approach To Admissions That Ensures Equal, Not Preferential, Treatment, Nancy L. Zisk

Marquette Law Review

In Fisher v. University of Texas at Austin, the United States Supreme Court affirmed well-established Supreme Court doctrine that race may be considered when a college or university decides whom to admit and whom to reject, as long as the consideration of race is part of a narrowly tailored holistic consideration of an applicant's many distinguishing features. The Court's latest decision heralds a new way of thinking about holistic race-conscious admissions programs. Rather than considering them as "affirmative action" plans that prefer any one applicant to the disadvantage of another, they should be viewed as the Court has described …


Sexualization, Sex Discrimination, And Public School Dress Codes, Meredith Johnson Harbach Mar 2016

Sexualization, Sex Discrimination, And Public School Dress Codes, Meredith Johnson Harbach

University of Richmond Law Review

This essay joins the conversation about sexualization, sex discrimination, and public school dress codes to situate current debates within in the broader cultural and legal landscapes in which they exist. My aim is not to answer definitively the questions I pose above. Rather, I ground the controversy in these broader contexts in order to better understand the stakes and to glean insights into how schools, students, and communities might better navigate dress code debates.


Still Unconstitutional: Our Nation's Experiment With State-Sponsored Sex Segregation In Education, David S. Cohen, Nancy Levit Jan 2014

Still Unconstitutional: Our Nation's Experiment With State-Sponsored Sex Segregation In Education, David S. Cohen, Nancy Levit

Faculty Works

Since federal regulations authorized single-sex education in 2006, there has been an explosion of single-sex schools and classes. Although the Supreme Court has not ruled, three federal court decisions have addressed the constitutionality of single-sex classes, and the issue will percolate toward Supreme Court review soon. The arguments are that parents should have choices and “diversity” of educational options, that “brain research” shows that boys and girls are so biologically different to need sex-specific educational environments, that educational outcomes are better, and single-sex learning environments allows boys and girls to break through gender stereotypes. This article dissects these arguments within …


Is The Antidiscrimination Project Being Ended?, Michael J. Zimmer Jun 2013

Is The Antidiscrimination Project Being Ended?, Michael J. Zimmer

Indiana Journal of Law and Social Equality

No abstract provided.


Affirmative Action, Justice Kennedy, And The Virtues Of The Middle Ground, Allen K. Rostron Jan 2013

Affirmative Action, Justice Kennedy, And The Virtues Of The Middle Ground, Allen K. Rostron

Faculty Works

When the Supreme Court hears arguments this fall about the constitutionality of affirmative action policies at the University of Texas, attention will be focused once again on Justice Anthony Kennedy. With the rest of the Court split between a bloc of four reliably liberal jurists and an equally solid cadre of four conservatives, the spotlight regularly falls on Kennedy, the swing voter that each side in every closely divided and ideologically charged case desperately hopes to attract. Critics condemn Kennedy for having an unprincipled, capricious, and self-aggrandizing style of decision-making. Though he is often decisive in the sense of casting …


Education As A Counterterrorism Tool And The Curious Case Of The Texas School Book Resolution, Diane Webber Jan 2011

Education As A Counterterrorism Tool And The Curious Case Of The Texas School Book Resolution, Diane Webber

University of Maryland Law Journal of Race, Religion, Gender and Class

No abstract provided.


Unlocking The Power Of State Constitutions With Equal Protection: The First Step Toward Education As A Federally Protected Right, Derek W. Black Oct 2010

Unlocking The Power Of State Constitutions With Equal Protection: The First Step Toward Education As A Federally Protected Right, Derek W. Black

Derek W. Black

This Article analyzes the intersection of state constitutional law right at stake and the responsibility for enforcing it. Thus, the scrutiny of this right under federal equal protection would be far different than it was just a few decades ago. Given the states’ weakened ability to enforce these rights, the future of education equity depends on federal intervention. with federal equal protection, revealing how federal equal protection, by relying on state constitutional education standards, can force states to further equalize and increase the resources available to struggling schools. It begins by exploring the extent of inequality and inadequacy in our …


Unlocking The Power Of State Constitutions With Equal Protection: The First Step Toward Education As A Federally Protected Right, Derek W. Black Oct 2010

Unlocking The Power Of State Constitutions With Equal Protection: The First Step Toward Education As A Federally Protected Right, Derek W. Black

Derek W. Black

This Article analyzes the intersection of state constitutional law right at stake and the responsibility for enforcing it. Thus, the scrutiny of this right under federal equal protection would be far different than it was just a few decades ago. Given the states’ weakened ability to enforce these rights, the future of education equity depends on federal intervention. with federal equal protection, revealing how federal equal protection, by relying on state constitutional education standards, can force states to further equalize and increase the resources available to struggling schools. It begins by exploring the extent of inequality and inadequacy in our …


Unlocking The Power Of State Constitutions With Equal Protection: The First Step Toward Education As A Federally Protected Right, Derek W. Black Mar 2010

Unlocking The Power Of State Constitutions With Equal Protection: The First Step Toward Education As A Federally Protected Right, Derek W. Black

William & Mary Law Review

This Article analyzes the intersection of state constitutional law right at stake and the responsibility for enforcing it. Thus, the scrutiny of this right under federal equal protection would be far different than it was just a few decades ago. Given the states’ weakened ability to enforce these rights, the future of education equity depends on federal intervention. with federal equal protection, revealing how federal equal protection, by relying on state constitutional education standards, can force states to further equalize and increase the resources available to struggling schools. It begins by exploring the extent of inequality and inadequacy in our …


What About Our Future - The Chaos That Is The Texas School Finance System., Brian Stork Mar 2006

What About Our Future - The Chaos That Is The Texas School Finance System., Brian Stork

The Scholar: St. Mary's Law Review on Race and Social Justice

The current school finance system has failed to address the changing demographics of the state and has serious, long lasting negative effects on disadvantaged students by not providing better funding, services, or facilities. None of the attempts made to fix this glaring problem of inequity within the Texas school finance system has done anything besides point out these blatant flaws and patchwork approach to solving them. Judge Dietz concluded that since the current school finance system does not properly meet the general diffusion of knowledge requirement proscribed by Article VII, Section 1 of the Texas Constitution, it is inadequate and …


Autonomy, Gay Rights And Human Self-Fulfillment: An Argument For Modified Liberalism In Public Education, Vincent J. Samar Feb 2004

Autonomy, Gay Rights And Human Self-Fulfillment: An Argument For Modified Liberalism In Public Education, Vincent J. Samar

William & Mary Journal of Race, Gender, and Social Justice

No abstract provided.


The Long Shadow Of The Confederacy In America's Schools: State-Sponsored Use Of Confederate Symbols In The Wake Of Brown V. Board, Kathleen Riley Feb 2002

The Long Shadow Of The Confederacy In America's Schools: State-Sponsored Use Of Confederate Symbols In The Wake Of Brown V. Board, Kathleen Riley

William & Mary Bill of Rights Journal

Critics of Confederate symbols have become increasingly vocal in recent years, forcing state and local governments to reevaluate their use of such symbols in public settings. This Note tracks the proliferation of Confederate symbols in American society since the 1950s, arguing that such use of these symbols, especially in the realm of public schools, stands in violation of the Constitution. Particularly, the Note analyzes the viability of possible legal remedies to school-sponsored racism based on the lack of government free speech rights, Thirteenth Amendment protections against "Badges of Inferiority," and Fourteenth Amendment claims under the Equal Protection and Due Process …


Equal Protection Jan 1996

Equal Protection

Touro Law Review

No abstract provided.


Equal Protection Jan 1992

Equal Protection

Touro Law Review

No abstract provided.


Reading, Writing, But No Biting: Isolating School Children With Aids, Carolyn J. Kasler Jan 1989

Reading, Writing, But No Biting: Isolating School Children With Aids, Carolyn J. Kasler

Cleveland State Law Review

AIDS is a unique disease with unknown, unproven risks and undetermined potential for affecting our society's well-being. Due to the age and uncertainty of the disease, it must be addressed differently from any other diseases with which we have been faced in the past. The problems are severe, and barriers facing both victims and non-victims in the school setting are phenomenal. We must not be without compassion for the victims, children innocently contaminated by this devastating disease, for the victims in this country may soon outweigh the unaffected citizens. Presently, we have a duty to prevent the spread of this …


Constitutional Law - School Desegregation - Interdistrict Desegregation Order Is Within Discretion Of District Court When Based Upon Finding Of One Or More Interdistrict Constitutional Violation, James D. Hilly Jan 1977

Constitutional Law - School Desegregation - Interdistrict Desegregation Order Is Within Discretion Of District Court When Based Upon Finding Of One Or More Interdistrict Constitutional Violation, James D. Hilly

Villanova Law Review

No abstract provided.


Recent Developments, Various Editors Jan 1976

Recent Developments, Various Editors

Villanova Law Review

No abstract provided.


The Property Tax, Governmental Services, And Equal Protection: A Rational Analysis, Thomas Allen Moon, William D. Moon Jan 1973

The Property Tax, Governmental Services, And Equal Protection: A Rational Analysis, Thomas Allen Moon, William D. Moon

Villanova Law Review

No abstract provided.


Wellsand V. Valparaiso Community School Corporation: Equal Protection For The Married Football Player, Randolph L. Seger Jan 1972

Wellsand V. Valparaiso Community School Corporation: Equal Protection For The Married Football Player, Randolph L. Seger

Indiana Law Journal

No abstract provided.


The Aftermath Of Serrano: The Strict Scrutiny Approach And The Viability Of Property Tax Financing For Public Educational Systems, Randall C. Rolfe Jan 1972

The Aftermath Of Serrano: The Strict Scrutiny Approach And The Viability Of Property Tax Financing For Public Educational Systems, Randall C. Rolfe

Villanova Law Review

No abstract provided.


Constitutional Law - Charitable Tax Exemptions - Granting Of Tax Benefits To Discriminatory Fraternal Orders Is A Violation Of The Equal Protection Aspect Of The Fifth Amendment, Marc Howard Jaffe Jan 1972

Constitutional Law - Charitable Tax Exemptions - Granting Of Tax Benefits To Discriminatory Fraternal Orders Is A Violation Of The Equal Protection Aspect Of The Fifth Amendment, Marc Howard Jaffe

Villanova Law Review

No abstract provided.


The Dilemma Of The Professoriate, Matthew W. Finkin Jan 1972

The Dilemma Of The Professoriate, Matthew W. Finkin

Villanova Law Review

No abstract provided.