Law Commons^™

Arbitration (Tahkim) And Reconciliation (Sulh) In Islam As Alternative Dispute Resolution Mechanisms, Saidilyos Khakimov

The Light of Islam

The main reason behind this work is to illustrate the current need for Islamic alternative dispute resolution methods and offer analysis to show the benefts of their applications. There has been a vivid rise in ADRs’ recognition globally as a substitute for litigation and related issues that would be better if addressed with an Islamic perspective. The wide usage of the term has been intensifed uninterruptedly after the second half of the 20th century. This paper intends to introduce a 1,5-centuryyear-old background of legally institutionalized arbitration
(Tahkim) and reconciliation (Sulh), Islamic means or ways of alternative dispute resolution. I will …

The Rise Of Transnational Commercial Courts: The Astana International Financial Centre Court, Ilias Bantekas

Pace International Law Review

The proliferation of international commercial courts aims to boost income from legal services and serve as a catalyst for newly found rules of law and thus attract investor confidence. The latter is the underlying purpose for the creation of the Astana International Financial Centre (AIFC) and its Court. The Court’s legal framework is set out in the tradition of its competitors in the Gulf and similarly employs an impressive lineup of former senior judges from the United Kingdom. It is a unique experiment because it strives to create a balance between maintaining a judicial institution of the highest caliber while …

Evolution Of A Field: Personal Histories In Conflict Resolution, Howard Gadlin, Nancy A. Welsh

DRI Press

This book features 23 chapters written by founders, thinkers, inventors, reformers, disrupters and transformers in the field of conflict resolution, thus allowing readers to explore the field’s real, on-the-ground reasons for being and evolving. The contributors include mediators, facilitators, arbitrators, ombuds, academics, system designers, entrepreneurs, leaders of conflict resolution organizations, researchers, advocates for conflict resolution, and critics of conflict resolution. They share their personal and professional stories as well as the values, aspirations and characteristics of the field that inspired them to become involved in conflict resolution, develop their careers, and both influence and wrestle with the field’s evolution.

Contributors …

Nine Justices And #Metoo: How The Supreme Court Shaped The Future Of Mandatory Arbitration And Sexual Harassment Claims, Tamra J. Wallace

Maine Law Review

When the Federal Arbitration Act was signed into law in 1925, none would have guessed it would be used to perpetuate a system of silence surround workplace sexual harassment. With the Supreme Court’s continued stance to liberally applying the Act to uphold arbitration agreements contained within employment agreements over the past decades, it is apparent that any change needed to protect vulnerable workers will need to come from federal legislation. The rise of the #MeToo movement across the nation, and throughout various employment sectors, may be the push needed to bring about the necessary change.

Regulating Multinational Corporations In International Investment Law And Arbitration: Towards Limiting The Treaty Shopping, Sharaf Khaled Alsharaf

Maurer Theses and Dissertations

This study examines the limitations of treaty shopping in international investment law and arbitration by recognizing some steps and factors that states, especially developing states, and arbitral tribunals may consider regarding the purpose and objective of investment agreements and contracting states’ viewpoints. The focus is solely on the multinational corporation as a corporate investor. To understand these limitations, this study has divided the topic through three separate research questions. The first question is how a state can regulate MNCs in a way that limits their ability to practice treaty shopping, whether domestically or internationally via BITs or regional investment agreement, …

Unwaivable: Public Enforcement Claims And Mandatory Arbitration, Myriam E. Gilles, Gary Friedman

Articles

This essay, written for a conference on the “pathways and hurdles” that lie ahead in consumer litigation, is the first to examine the implications of California’s recent jurisprudence holding public enforcement claims unwaivable in standard-form contracts of adhesion, and the inevitable clash with the U.S. Supreme Court’s decisional law interpreting the Federal Arbitration Act. With its rich history of rebuffing efforts to deprive citizens of public rights through private contract, California provides an ideal laboratory for exploring this escalating conflict.

Confessions And Redemption—And Politics—For An Un-Neutral Person Who Mediates, Marjorie Corman Aaron

Faculty Articles and Other Publications

Within ADR’s house, and now in our arbitration and mediation rooms, we mediators, court ADR administrators, process designers,and arbitrators can construct and conduct processes that reflect moral values our law makers seem to have abandoned.

Blending Scripture And The Law: The Lack Of Christian Law And The Dangers It Presents In Christian Arbitration, Emily Holland

Pepperdine Dispute Resolution Law Journal

This paper will examine the ways in which a lack of an established substantive law within the Christian faith tradition affects the Christian arbitration process and explore the possible means to address these issues. It will outline the history and functions of Christian tribunals, highlighting the unique space within the justice system that these special tribunals fill. Next, it will discuss the differences between the application of law in tribunals of other religious faith traditions and the application of law in Christian arbitration. This paper will demonstrate how a lack of concrete and applicable law creates issues in the enforceability …

Why And How Users Make Choices In International Dispute Resolution: 2020 Sidra Survey, Nadja Alexander, Allison Goh

Research Collection Yong Pung How School Of Law

In this post on the Kluwer Mediation Blog, the experiences and views of legal and client users from common and civil law jurisdictions on why and how they choose dispute resolution mechanisms to resolve cross-border disputes are analysed.

Adversarial Failure, Benjamin P. Edwards

Washington and Lee Law Review

Investors, industry firms, and regulators all rely on vital public records to assess risk and evaluate securities industry personnel. Despite the information’s importance, an arbitration-facilitated expungement process now regularly deletes these public records. Often, these arbitrations recommend that public information be deleted without any true adversary ever providing any critical scrutiny to the requests. In essence, poorly informed arbitrators facilitate removing public information out of public databases. Interventions aimed at surfacing information may yield better informed decisions. Although similar problems have emerged in other contexts when adversarial systems break down, the expungement process to purge information about financial professionals provides …

Interpretation Of Article V Of The New York Convention In The Eleventh Circuit: Industrial Risk Insurers, Juan C. Garcia, Ivan Bracho Gonzalez

University of Miami Law Review

The widespread use and growing preference for international arbitration over cross-border litigation is primarily due to the existence of a clear and straightforward regime for the enforcement of arbitration agreements and awards. Even though this was not always the case, through the appearance of the New York Convention and the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law (“UNCITRAL”) Model Law on International Commercial Arbitration, the treatment and acceptance of international arbitration in different legal regimes has undergone a harmonization process which has served to develop consistency. That harmonization process, however, has not been completed. Several jurisdictions, even within their own …

A Cure For Every Ill? Remedies For “Pathological” Arbitration Clauses, Harout J. Samra, Ramya Ramachanderan

University of Miami Law Review

Defective arbitration and dispute resolution clauses—widely called “pathological clauses”—may undermine parties’ intent to seek recourse to arbitration rather than the courts. Questions concerning the existence and validity of arbitration clauses are subject to state contract law despite the wide sweep of the Federal Arbitration Act. This Article examines selected common “pathologies” and reviews recent court decisions, including from the Eleventh Circuit Court of Appeals and its constituent federal district courts, concerning the enforcement of such clauses.

Tax And Arbitration, William W. Park

Faculty Scholarship

When fiscal measures intertwine arbitration, undue mystification sometimes follows. To enhance analytic clarity, tax-related arbitration might be divided into three parts. The first derives from ordinary commercial disputes that become laced with incidental tax questions. A corporate acquisition, for example, might carry tax consequences which in turn implicate contract claims or defences presented to an arbitral tribunal for resolution. The second genre of tax-related arbitration arises in respect of cross-border investment disputes. Rightly or wrongly, foreign investors often perceive host-country fiscal enactments as discriminatory, unfair, or tantamount to expropriation, thus violating international commitments. Finally, arbitration comes into play under income …

Arbitration Archetypes For Enhancing Access To Justice, Jill I. Gross

Elisabeth Haub School of Law Faculty Publications

In the second half of the twentieth century, the use of arbitration proliferated in the United States as part of a greater alternative dispute resolution (ADR) movement, with the promise that using ADR processes would, among other things, enhance disputants' access to justice. Arbitration offers disputing parties a process to resolve their dispute, which, at least in theory, is known for decreased cost, increased speed, party control, privacy, and finality. These characteristics generally enhance parties' access to justice because, as compared to litigation, barriers to entry are lower, outcomes are delivered more quickly, substantive outcomes are more equitable, and parties …

Making Employment Arbitration Fair And Accessible, Theodore J. St. Antoine

Articles

Mandatory arbitration agreements require employees, as a condition of employment, to agree to arbitrate all employment disputes instead of filing court suits. The Supreme Court has approved such agreements but many labor experts oppose them. The U.S. House of Representatives has passed a bill to prohibit pre-dispute agreements, the common form for mandatory arbitrations. This article argues that the House bill would have the practical effect of virtually eliminating employment arbitration. Instead, proposals are presented for either legislative or judicial steps to ensure that employment arbitration is fair and accessible. Requirements would include: (1) voluntary agreements on the part of …

In God We Trust (Unless We Change Our Mind): How State Of Mind Relates To Religious Arbitration, Skylar Reese Croy

Pepperdine Dispute Resolution Law Journal

Arguably, binding religious arbitration agreements are constitutionally problematic because they hinder freedom of religion: They inhibit parties’ ability to change their beliefs. However, religious arbitration agreements also offer an outlet for the religiously inclined to further practice their beliefs. This Article offers a middle ground: If a party to a religious arbitration agreement changes religion, he or she can claim a “conscientious objector” status if he or she can prove the agreement violates his or her sincerely held religious beliefs. Courts are allowed to inquire into the sincerity of a person’s religious beliefs. The religious question doctrine — which restricts …

Compelling Parties To Mediate Investor-State Disputes: No Pressure, No Diamonds?, James M. Claxton

Pepperdine Dispute Resolution Law Journal

There was nothing preordained about arbitration becoming shorthand for investor-state dispute settlement. The ICSID system was built on the assumption that disputing parties would choose conciliation to settle their disputes. Those expectations went unrealized as arbitration rose to prominence, and since that time institutions, parties, and academics have observed that facilitated negotiation could play a greater role in resolving investor-state disputes. A number of domestic court systems have made mediation part of the fabric of dispute resolution through incentives and compulsions to mediate. Drawing on this experience, this manuscript considers how obstacles to the uptake of investor-state mediation might be …

Aging Out Arbitration For Wrongful Death Suits In Nursing Homes, Courtney Dyer

Pepperdine Dispute Resolution Law Journal

The first section of this article will discuss the significance of removing arbitration agreements from wrongful death claims and implementing mediation instead. The second section will detail the background of arbitration clauses in nursing homes. The third section will review state acts that have opposed the use of arbitration agreements for wrongful death claims in nursing homes. The fourth section will analyze cases that have challenged arbitration agreements in nursing homes for wrongful death claims. The fifth section will propose compulsory mediation and multi-tiered dispute resolution clauses as substitutes for arbitration clauses. Finally, the sixth section will consider potential objections …

Express Preclusion Of The Federal Arbitration Act For All Bankruptcy-Related Matters, John R. Hardison

St. John's Law Review

(Excerpt)

This Article sets forth a more solid justification for bankruptcy courts to refuse to order arbitration of any matter related to and affecting a bankruptcy case through express preclusion. First, this Article describes the historical development of the Supreme Court’s holdings on preclusion of the FAA in general and on the courts of appeals’ current formulation of a bankruptcy exception to the FAA. Next, this Article discusses the statutory, historical, and policy-based support for reading the bankruptcy jurisdictional provisions as creating an express exception to the FAA, or alternatively as supporting an implied exception to the FAA. As discussed, …

The New Qui Tam: A Model For The Enforcement Of Group Rights In A Hostile Era, Myriam E. Gilles, Gary Friedman

Articles

The present Administration has made clear it has no interest in enforcing statutes designed to protect workers, consumers, voters, and others. And, as we have chronicled in prior work, the ability of private litigants to enforce these laws has been undercut by developments in the case law concerning class actions—particularly class-banning arbitration clauses. As these critical enforcement methods recede, will alternative methods of prosecuting claims arise? How might they work? Are they politically and fiscally sustainable? We focus here on a promising approach just now coming into view: qui tam legislation authorizing private citizens to bring representative claims on behalf …

State Attribution: Whether State Ownership Of A Private Entity Is Important In Determining If The Actions Of That Entity Are Attributable To The State, Alejandro Solano Meardi

Arbitration Brief

No abstract provided.

Are Pre-Dispute Agreements To Arbitration Online Enforceable?, Caleb Gerbitz

Arbitration Brief

Arbitration is a favored adjudicatory mechanism because it is efficient, effective, and informal compared to judicial litigation. Scholar Thomas Carbonneau has noted that arbitration is “America’s optimal trial procedure.” The ubiquity of pre-dispute agreements to arbitrate in consumer contracts makes arbitration the dominant method to resolve such disputes. Yet, despite its hallmarks of accessibility and informality, arbitration’s reliance on face-to- face proceedings limits its benefits. Online dispute resolution (ODR) has grown in popularity among e-commerce retailers over the last two decades—and more recently within court systems.5 However, ODR’s rise has not meaningfully affected how pre-dispute agreements to arbitrate are drafted …

Letter From The Editor, Elena Z. Ritchie

Arbitration Brief

No abstract provided.

Arbitration Of Worker Contracts: New Prime's Proper Statutory Interpretation Of The 1925 Federal Arbitration Act, Margaret L. Moses

Faculty Publications & Other Works

In 1925, the Congress that adopted the Federal Arbitration Act did not intend for it to cover any workers’ contracts. However, this changed dramatically when the Supreme Court determined in Circuit City Stores, Inc. v. Adams (2001) that all workers’ contracts were covered except for transportation workers. Thus, today, thousands of workers are forced into adhesion contracts requiring arbitration. However, the recent unanimous decision of the Supreme Court in New Prime v. Oliveira unequivocally declares that the proper way to interpret the Act is to give it the meaning it had when Congress enacted the statute. This very reasonable conclusion …

Cullinane V. Uber Technologies, Inc., Carly Schreiber

NYLS Law Review

No abstract provided.

Making Sense Of The Arbitrator’S Ruling In Ds 316 Ec And Certain Member States – Measures Affecting Trade In Large Civil Aircraft (Article 22.6-Ec): A Jigsaw Puzzle With (At Least) A Couple Missing Pieces, Petros C. Mavroidis, Kamal Saggi

Faculty Scholarship

“The U.S. won a $7.5 Billion award from the World Trade Organization against the European Union, who has for many years treated the USA very badly on Trade due to Tariffs, Trade Barriers, and more. This case going on for years, a nice victory”, tweeted President Trump’s on October 3, 2019. The United States (US) won not only the highest amount of retaliation ever adjudicated in the history of the WTO but also an ongoing right to retaliate on an annual basis until such time as the EU had complied by either removing the subsidies it granted Airbus or somehow …

The Final Frontier: Are Class Action Waivers In Broker-Dealer Employment Agreements Enforceable?, Jill I. Gross

Elisabeth Haub School of Law Faculty Publications

How would a court resolve a broker-dealer's action to enforce its class action waiver, which would require the court to disregard FINRA Rule 13204? The Supreme Court has identified one exception to the FAA's mandate: if a “contrary congressional command” displaces the FAA. Thus far, the Court has not had occasion to examine whether a class action waiver in a broker-dealer's employment agreement with an employee is enforceable under this exception. While the Court seems very supportive of these waivers, the securities industry is different. Securities arbitration is heavily regulated, and pronouncements by the SEC--when exercising power expressly delegated to …