Law Commons^™

The Pathological Politics Of Criminal Law, William J. Stuntz

Michigan Law Review

Substantive criminal law defines the conduct that the state punishes. Or does it? If the answer is yes, it should be possible, by reading criminal codes (perhaps with a few case annotations thrown in), to tell what conduct will land you in prison. Most discussions of criminal law, whether in law reviews, law school classrooms, or the popular press, proceed on the premise that the answer is yes. Law reform movements regularly seek to broaden or narrow the scope of some set of criminal liability rules, always on the assumption that by doing so they will broaden or narrow the …

Policing Online Pharmacies: Bioterrorism Meets The War On Drugs, Mark Sweet

Duke Law & Technology Review

In light of the recent terrorists attacks and the increasing threat of bioterrorism, many U.S. citizens have turned to the Internet in an attempt to gather the supplies needed to protect them and their loved ones. Central to the effort is the increased purchasing of prescription drugs over the Internet. This iBrief explores the benefits and risks to consumers from buying drugs online, and examines recent initiatives to police the online pharmacy industry.

Prosecutorial Ethics: Private Decision Making In The Very Public Practice Of Law, Charles E. Maclean

Charles E. MacLean

No abstract provided.

Compelled Statements From Police Officers And Garrity Immunity, Steven D. Clymer

Cornell Law Faculty Publications

In this Article, Professor Steven Clymer describes the problem created when police departments require officers suspected of misconduct to answer internal affairs investigators' questions or face job termination. Relying on the Supreme Court's decision in Garrity v. New Jersey, courts treat such compelled statements as immunized testimony. That treatment not only renders such a statement inadmissible in a criminal prosecution of the suspect police officer, it also may require the prosecution to shoulder the daunting and sometimes insurmountable burden of demonstrating that its physical evidence, witness testimony, and strategic decisionmaking are untainted by the statement. Because police internal affairs …

Economic Hardship As Coercion Under The Protocol On International Trafficking In Persons By Organized Crime Elements, Linda A. Malone

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Unreasonable Probability Of Error, Jed Handelsman Shugerman

Faculty Scholarship

In Strickland v. Washington, the Supreme Court sought to create a uniform standard to guarantee effective assistance of counsel to criminal defendants, to "ensure a fair trial," and to assure the reliability of "a just result."' Justice O'Connor's majority opinion created a two-pronged test for overturning a trial verdict: deficient performance and resulting prejudice. The Court explicitly established a difficult burden for proving deficient performance,² but set a moderate standard for prejudice as the "reasonable probability that, but for counsel's unprofessional errors, the result of the proceeding would have been different. A reasonable probability is a probability sufficient …

A Hybrid Approach To The Use Of Deliberate Ignorance In Conspiracy Cases, Jessica A. Kozlov-Davis

Michigan Law Review

When hunted, the ostrich is said to run a certain distance and then thrust its head into the sand, thinking, because it cannot see, that it cannot be seen by the hunters. Legal parlance therefore refers to the "ostrich instruction," used when a defendant acts with the awareness of a high probability of the existence of an incriminating fact, but remains deliberately ignorant as to whether the fact actually exists, hoping his ignorance will maintain his innocence. The defendant is like the ostrich - he thinks that if he does not actually see the facts, even though he knows they …

Liberty For Security, Morgan Streetman

Duke Law & Technology Review

On 11 September 2001, we collectively endured the worst tragedy to touch American soil since the Civil War. In the wake of this horrible event, a national hysteria erupted. People are anxious to restore the lost security; but at what cost? Many Americans seem not to care about the costs, and national polls show that now, more than ever, Americans are willing to trade their precious civil liberties in an attempt to restore security. As the ACLU has stated these are difficult days. Not only are they difficult, they will define the future of America. This iBrief explores the reactions …

The Passions Of Battered Women: Cognitive Links Between Passion, Empathy, And Power, Mary Becker

William & Mary Journal of Race, Gender, and Social Justice

No abstract provided.

Appeals In The Ad Hoc International Criminal Tribunals: Structure, Procedure, And Recent Cases, Mark A. Drumbl, Kenneth S. Gallant

The Journal of Appellate Practice and Process

The International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia and the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda are international tribunals that are developing and remaking much of international humanitarian law. The courts double as trial and appellate courts. Each court has jurisdiction over events that occurred in a specific area during a specific time period. The courts have an unusual appellate structure. These unique Appellate Chambers review important trial decisions that deal with genocide, crimes against humanity, and war crimes.

Once, Twice, Four Times A Felon: North Carolina's Unconstitutional Recidivist Statutes, Jason White

Campbell Law Review

This article will examine actions taken by the North Carolina legislature to address problems posed by recidivist criminal behavior. In particular, the constitutional standing of North Carolina's habitual misdemeanor assault and habitual impaired driving statutes will be evaluated. In order to provide an adequate discussion, the history and general principles of recidivism will be addressed. In addition, the impact of recidivist statutory trends upon constitutional guarantees of double jeopardy will be analyzed. Finally, the article will explain that North Carolina's habitual misdemeanor statutes are standing upon teetering constitutional ground.

Look Who's Extrapolating: A Reply To Hoffmann, Valerie West, Jeffrey Fagan, James S. Liebman

Indiana Law Journal

No abstract provided.

A Brief Response To Liebman, Fagan, And West, Joseph L. Hoffmann

Indiana Law Journal

No abstract provided.

Lawyer Crimes: Beyond The Law?, Charles W. Wolfram

Cornell Law Faculty Publications

Violence And The Truth, Joseph L. Hoffmann

Indiana Law Journal

Harry Pratter Professorship Lecture, Indiana University School of Law, Bloomington, Indiana

Using The Master's Tools: Fighting Persistent Police Misconduct With Civil Rico, Steven P. Ragland

American University Law Review

No abstract provided.

Section 5: Criminal Law And Procedure, Institute Of Bill Of Rights Law, William & Mary Law School

Supreme Court Preview

No abstract provided.

4. Let’S Not Exaggerate The Suggestibility Of Children., Thomas D. Lyon

Thomas D. Lyon

Carnivore: Will It Devour Your Privacy?, Joseph Goodman, Angela Murphy, Morgan Streetman, Mark Sweet

Duke Law & Technology Review

Perhaps you have written an e-mail that looks something like this:

Celibacy, Sexual Exclusivity, And Illicit Drug Abstinence: Giving Up The Life As Taboo In Aids Prevention, Ibpp Editor

International Bulletin of Political Psychology

This article highlights social cognitions that seem to impede cost-effective approaches to AIDS prevention.

Terrorism And Remorse: Psychology And The Death Penalty, Ibpp Editor

International Bulletin of Political Psychology

This article provides commentary on the forensic psychological task to develop information bearing on penalties for convicted terrorists.

Trends. Human Rights And Politics: The Wrong Argument Against The International Criminal Court, Ibpp Editor

International Bulletin of Political Psychology

This article discusses the International Criminal Court, or ICC. At issue is the contention that the ICC has been used primarily as a political tool for settling vendettas against the governments of nation-states and/or the leaders of these states instead of furthering human rights through adjudicating allegations of genocide, crimes against humanity, and war crimes.

Knockin' On Heaven's Door: Rethinking The Role Of Religion In Death Penalty Cases, Gary J. Simson, Stephen P. Garvey

Cornell Law Faculty Publications

Religion has played a prominent role at various points of capital trials. In jury selection, peremptory challenges have been exercised against prospective jurors on the basis of their religion. At the sentencing phase, defendants have offered as mitigating evidence proof of their religiosity, and the prosecution has introduced evidence of the victim's religiosity. In closing argument, quotations from the Bible and other appeals to religion have long been common. During deliberations, jurors have engaged in group prayer and tried to sway one another with quotes from scripture.

Such practices have not gone unquestioned. Rather remarkably, however, the questions have almost …

Seventh Biennial Statewide Survey Of Drug And Alcohol Use Among California Students In Grades 7, 9 And 11, California Attorney General's Office, Gregory Austin Ph.D., Rodney Skager Ph.D.

California Agencies

No abstract provided.

Whose News About Justice? [Review Essay], Mark Findlay

Research Collection Yong Pung How School Of Law

Review of two books: Whose News About Justice? Nicholas Cowdery (2001), Getting Justice Wrong, Allen & Unwin, Sydney, ISBN 1865083224 & Jock Collins, Greg Noble, Scott Poynting & Paul Tabar (2001), Kebabs, Kids, Cops and Crime, Pluto Press, Sydney, ISBN 1864031131.

Prosecuting Conduit Campaign Contributions - Hard Time For Soft Money, Robert D. Probasco

Faculty Scholarship

In recent years, there have been several high-profile prosecutions for violations of the Federal Election Campaign Act, involving contributions nominally by one individual but funded or reimbursed by another individual deemed to be the true contributor. Prosecutions of these “conduit contribution” cases have been surprising in at least three significant respects. First, the prosecutions have been based on violations of FECA’s reporting requirements and may not have involved any violations of the substantive prohibitions or limitations of contributions. Second, the defendants were the donors rather than campaign officials who actually filed reports with FECA. Third, the cases were prosecuted as …

Apprendi V. New Jersey: Should Any Factual Determination Authorizing An Increase In A Criminal Defendant's Sentence Be Proven To A Jury Beyond A Reasonable Doubt, Jason Ferguson

Mercer Law Review

In Apprendi v. New Jersey, the United States Supreme Court held, with the exception of the fact of prior criminal convictions, that any factual determination that authorizes an increased sentence beyond the statutory maximum must be proven to a jury beyond a reasonable doubt.

The Inherent Constitutionality Of The Police Use Of Deadly Force To Stop Dangerous Pursuits, Michael Douglas Owens

Mercer Law Review

Every day in our country, police agencies pursue criminal suspects who are unlawfully attempling to elude them. Reality-based television shows, such as Cops and the Police Videos series on the Fox Network, bring home to the public some measure of the adrenaline-producing excitement that automobile pursuits engender. Rarely, however, does one see the tragedy that often results from these pursuits. While reliable nationwide statistics on police pursuits are not available, various studies depict the rate of accidents as ranging from twenty-nine percent to seventy percent, with a rate of injury ranging from eleven percent to twenty-seven percent. Injuries and deaths …

The Ex Ante Function Of The Criminal Law, Paul H. Robinson, John M. Darley, Kevin M. Carlsmith

All Faculty Scholarship

Criminal legal codes draw clear lines between permissible and illegal conduct, and the criminal justice system counts on people knowing these lines and governing their conduct accordingly. This is the "ex ante" function of the law; lines are drawn, and because citizens fear punishments or believe in the moral validity of the legal codes they do not cross these lines. But do people in fact know the lines that legal codes draw? The fact that several states have adopted laws that deviate from other state laws enables a field experiment to address this question. Residents (N = 203) of states …

Virtual Las Vegas: Regulate Or Prohibit?, Cara Franklin

Duke Law & Technology Review

With online gambling becoming increasingly accessible and popular, state and federal politicians are asking themselves how to make the prohibition on online gambling effective. Nevertheless, questions still linger as to whether outright prohibition is truly the right answer.