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Articles 1 - 30 of 37
Full-Text Articles in Law
What Are Transitions For? Atrocity, International Criminal Justice, And The Political, Paulo Barrozo
What Are Transitions For? Atrocity, International Criminal Justice, And The Political, Paulo Barrozo
Paulo Barrozo
This essay offers an answer to the question of what societies afflicted by atrocities ought to transition into. The answer offered is able to better direct the evaluation of previous models and the design of new models of transitional justice. Into what, then, should transitional justice transition? I argue in this essay that transitional justice should be a transition into the political, understood in its robust liberalism version. I further argue that the most significant part of transitions ought to happen in the minds of the members of political communities, precisely where the less tangible and yet most important dimension …
Is Jus In Bello In Crisis?, Jens Ohlin
Is Jus In Bello In Crisis?, Jens Ohlin
Jens David Ohlin
It is a truism that new technologies are remaking the tactical and legal landscape of armed conflict. While such statements are undoubtedly true, it is important to separate genuine trends from scholarly exaggeration. The following essay, an introduction to the Drone Wars symposium of the Journal, catalogues today’s most pressing disputes regarding international humanitarian law (IHL) and their consequences for criminal responsibility. These include: (i) the triggering and classification of armed conflicts with non-state actors; (ii) the relative scope of IHL and international human rights law in asymmetrical conflicts; (iii) the targeting of suspected terrorists under concept- or status-based classifications …
Attempt, Conspiracy, And Incitement To Commit Genocide, Jens Ohlin
Attempt, Conspiracy, And Incitement To Commit Genocide, Jens Ohlin
Jens David Ohlin
In these brief commentaries to the U.N. Genocide Convention, I explore three criminal law modes of liability as they apply to the international crime of genocide. Part I analyzes attempt to commit genocide and uncovers a basic tension over whether attempt refers to the genocide itself (the chapeau) or the underlying offense (such as killing). Part I concludes that the tension stems from the fact that the crime of genocide itself is already inchoate in nature, since the legal requirements for the crime do not require an actual, completed genocide, in the common-sense understanding of the term, but only a …
On The Very Idea Of Transitional Justice, Jens Ohlin
On The Very Idea Of Transitional Justice, Jens Ohlin
Jens David Ohlin
The phrase "transitional justice" has had an amazingly successful career at an early age. Popularized as an academic concept in the early 1990s in the aftermath of apartheid's collapse in South Africa, the phrase quickly gained traction in a variety of global contexts, including Rwanda, Yugoslavia, Cambodia, and Sierra Leone. A sizeable literature has been generated around it, so much so that one might even call it a sub-discipline with inter-disciplinary qualities. Nonetheless, the concept remains an enigma. It defines the contours of an entire field of intellectual inquiry, yet at the same time it hides more than it illuminates. …
"Whodunit" Versus "What Was Done": When To Admit Character Evidence In Criminal Cases, Sherry Colb
"Whodunit" Versus "What Was Done": When To Admit Character Evidence In Criminal Cases, Sherry Colb
Sherry Colb
In virtually every jurisdiction in the United States, the law of evidence prohibits parties from offering proof of an individual's general character traits to suggest that, on a specific occasion, the individual behaved in a manner consistent with those traits. In a criminal trial in particular, the law prohibits a prosecutor's introduction of evidence about the defendant's character as proof of his guilt. In this Article, Professor Colb proposes that the exclusion of defendant character evidence is appropriate in one category of cases but inappropriate in another. In the first category, which Professor Colb calls "whodunit" cases, the parties agree …
Unwell: Indiana V. Edwards And The Plight Of Mentally Ill Pro Se Defendants, John Blume, Morgan Clark
Unwell: Indiana V. Edwards And The Plight Of Mentally Ill Pro Se Defendants, John Blume, Morgan Clark
John H. Blume
An Empirical Look At Atkins V. Virginia And Its Application In Capital Cases, John Blume, Sheri Johnson, Christopher Seeds
An Empirical Look At Atkins V. Virginia And Its Application In Capital Cases, John Blume, Sheri Johnson, Christopher Seeds
John H. Blume
In Atkins vs. Virginia, the Supreme Court declared that evolving standards of decency and the Eighth Amendment prohibit the death penalty for individuals with intellectual disability (formerly, "mental retardation"). Both supporters and opponents of the categorical exemption, however, have criticized the Atkins opinion. The Atkins dissent, for example, urged that the decision would open the gates of litigation to a flood of frivolous claims. Another prominent criticism, heard from those more supportive of the Court's ruling, has been that the language the Court used communicating that states must "generally conform" to the clinical definitions of mental retardation is ambiguous enough …
Is It Admissible?: Tips For Criminal Defense Attorneys On Assessing The Admissibility Of A Criminal Defendant's Statements, Part One, John Blume, Emily Paavola
Is It Admissible?: Tips For Criminal Defense Attorneys On Assessing The Admissibility Of A Criminal Defendant's Statements, Part One, John Blume, Emily Paavola
John H. Blume
This article addresses the Fifth Amendment issues to be considered when analyzing the admissibility of a criminal defendant's out-of-court statements.
Victim Gender And The Death Penalty, Caisa Royer, Amelia Hritz, Valerie Hans, Theodore Eisenberg, Martin Wells, John Blume, Sheri Lynn Johnson
Victim Gender And The Death Penalty, Caisa Royer, Amelia Hritz, Valerie Hans, Theodore Eisenberg, Martin Wells, John Blume, Sheri Lynn Johnson
John H. Blume
Previous research suggests that cases involving female victims are more likely to result in death sentences. The current study examines possible reasons for this relationship using capital punishment data from the state of Delaware. Death was sought much more for murders of either male or female white victims compared to murders of black male victims. Analyzing capital sentencing hearings in Delaware from 1977-2007 decided by judges or juries, we found that both characteristics of the victims and characteristics of the murders differentiated male and female victim cases. The presence of sexual victimization, the method of killing, the relationship between the …
"I Object" Is Not Enough: Tips For Criminal Defense Attorneys On Avoiding Procedural Default, John Blume, Emily Paavola
"I Object" Is Not Enough: Tips For Criminal Defense Attorneys On Avoiding Procedural Default, John Blume, Emily Paavola
John H. Blume
No abstract provided.
Killing The Non-Willing: Atkins, The Volitionally Incapacitated, And The Death Penalty, John Blume, Sheri Lynn Johnson
Killing The Non-Willing: Atkins, The Volitionally Incapacitated, And The Death Penalty, John Blume, Sheri Lynn Johnson
John H. Blume
Jamie Wilson, nineteen years old and severely mentally ill, walked into a school cafeteria and started shooting. Two children died, and Jamie was charged with two counts of capital murder. Because he admitted his guilt, the only issue at his trial was the appropriate punishment. The trial judge assigned to his case, after hearing expert testimony on his mental state, found that mental illness rendered Jamie unable to conform his conduct to the requirements of law at the time of the crime—not impaired by his mental illness in his ability to control his behavior, but unable to control his behavior. …
Crime Labs And Prison Guards: A Comment On Melendez-Diaz And Its Potential Impact On Capital Sentencing Proceedings, John Blume, Emily Paavola
Crime Labs And Prison Guards: A Comment On Melendez-Diaz And Its Potential Impact On Capital Sentencing Proceedings, John Blume, Emily Paavola
John H. Blume
The Sixth Amendment to the United States Constitution guarantees a criminal defendant the right "to be confronted with the witnesses against him." Four years ago, in Crawford v. Washington, the United States Supreme Court held that this right bars the admission of testimonial hearsay statements against criminal defendants, regardless of whether or not the statements fall within an evidentiary hearsay exception. It was a decision that other courts later described as a "bombshell," a "renaissance," and "a newly shaped lens" through which to view the Confrontation Clause. The case generated an extensive amount of discussion among legal commentators. Since its …
Rethinking Proportionality Under The Cruel And Unusual Punishments Clause, John Stinneford
Rethinking Proportionality Under The Cruel And Unusual Punishments Clause, John Stinneford
John F. Stinneford
Although a century has passed since the Supreme Court started reviewing criminal punishments for excessiveness under the Cruel and Unusual Punishments Clause, this area of doctrine remains highly problematic. The Court has never answered the claim that proportionality review is illegitimate in light of the Eighth Amendment’s original meaning. The Court has also adopted an ever-shifting definition of excessiveness, making the very concept of proportionality incoherent. Finally, the Court’s method of measuring proportionality is unreliable and self contradictory. As a result, a controlling plurality of the Court has insisted that proportionality review be limited to a narrow class of cases. …
Acpera And What Business Lawyers Need To Know Right Away In An Antitrust Investigation, Robert Sanger
Acpera And What Business Lawyers Need To Know Right Away In An Antitrust Investigation, Robert Sanger
Robert M. Sanger
Just about every practitioner advising businesses needs to be up-to-date on antitrust law. It is all too easy for a person involved in business to make casual comments or engage in what they think is legitimate activity only to find that they are the subject of a federal or state investigation for horizontal or vertical restraint of trade or price fixing, customer allocation, bid-rigging, or some other form of technically prohibited behavior. Blatant willful violations are, understandably, criminal but technical violations are a part of the trend of state and federal overcriminalization. Potential criminal prosecution for technical antitrust violations is …
Property Outlaws, Eduardo Peñalver, Sonia Katyal
Property Outlaws, Eduardo Peñalver, Sonia Katyal
Eduardo M. Peñalver
Most people do not hold those who intentionally flout property laws in particularly high regard. The overridingly negative view of the property lawbreaker as a wrong-doer comports with the nearly sacrosanct status of property rights within our characteristically individualist, capitalist, political culture. This dim view of property lawbreakers is also shared to a large degree by property theorists, many of whom regard property rights as a fixed constellation of allocative entitlements that collectively produce stability and order through ownership. In this Article, we seek to rehabilitate, at least to a degree, the maligned character of the intentional property lawbreaker, and …
The Curious Criminality Of Mass Atrocity: Diverse Actors, Multiple Truths, And Plural Responses, Mark Drumbl
The Curious Criminality Of Mass Atrocity: Diverse Actors, Multiple Truths, And Plural Responses, Mark Drumbl
Mark A. Drumbl
No abstract provided.
Juvenile Offenders: Life Without Parole (Lwop), Term Of Years And A Reasonable Opportunity For Release, Robert Sanger
Juvenile Offenders: Life Without Parole (Lwop), Term Of Years And A Reasonable Opportunity For Release, Robert Sanger
Robert M. Sanger
A juvenile offender (a person who committed an offense before the age of 18 years) can be tried as an adult and will be subject to adult punishments, with some restrictions. Juveniles cannot be executed and they cannot be mandatorily confined to life imprisonment without the possibility of parole. Justice Kagen of the United States Supreme Court stated for a majority of the Court in Miller v. Alabama, that a mandatory life sentence for a juvenile violates the 8th and 14th Amendments to the United States Constitution. In other words, life without hope should be unconstitutional for juveniles.
Prosecutors have …
Prosecutorial Misconduct And The "P" Word, Andrea Lyon
Prosecutorial Misconduct And The "P" Word, Andrea Lyon
Andrea D. Lyon
No abstract provided.
Empiricism In Daubert And The California Supreme Court In Sargon, Robert Sanger
Empiricism In Daubert And The California Supreme Court In Sargon, Robert Sanger
Robert M. Sanger
California has become a Daubert state. In Sargon v. The University of Southern California, the California Supreme Court held that judges are the “gatekeepers” with regard to expert or scientific evidence in this state, just as has been the case in the federal system (and many other states) since the decision in Daubert. Now that California is avowedly a Daubert state, it is important to understand why courtroom evidence – scientific, expert or, for that matter, otherwise – is properly grounded in empiricism. Empiricism is the theory that knowledge is derived from experience. Understanding this empirical basis for both Daubert …
Through The Looking Glass, Andrea Lyon
Sensible Drug Sentencing Reform, Andrea Lyon
Attitude Structures Of Different Ethnic And Age Groups Concerning Police, Peggy Sullivan, Roger Dunham, Geoffrey Alpert
Attitude Structures Of Different Ethnic And Age Groups Concerning Police, Peggy Sullivan, Roger Dunham, Geoffrey Alpert
Roger G. Dunham Dr.
No abstract provided.
Government Denial Under Oath – Hidta, Hemisphere And Parallel Construction, Robert Sanger
Government Denial Under Oath – Hidta, Hemisphere And Parallel Construction, Robert Sanger
Robert M. Sanger
In September of last year, the New York Times reported on a remarkable program of the United States Government that involved spying on domestic phone records without a warrant.1 The news had a limited independent impact as it seemed to be lost in the disclosures of Michael Snowden regarding the National Security Administration (NSA), which purportedly was aimed at foreign terrorists but also included domestic targets. Yet, this program, called “Hemisphere,” was authorized by the Office of the President of the United States, Office of Drug Control Policy, under the High Intensity Drug Trafficking Area Program (HIDTA) and it primarily …
Race Bias And The Importance Of Consciousness For Criminal Defense Attorneys, Andrea Lyon
Race Bias And The Importance Of Consciousness For Criminal Defense Attorneys, Andrea Lyon
Andrea D. Lyon
No abstract provided.
Shredded Fish,, Robert Sanger
Shredded Fish,, Robert Sanger
Robert M. Sanger
There are just too many criminal laws and their proliferation has expanded exponentially over the last few decades. This is overcriminalization. In addition, the jurisdiction of federal authorities under general or vague laws has vastly expanded federal criminal prosecution of people and organizations for what otherwise would not be a crime. This is overfederalization and overcriminalization. In this article we will look at the current litigation before the United States Supreme Court that had directly taken on this controversy. The case of Yates v. United States involves briefing by the parties and by amici curae directly invoking and defending the …
The Punishment Of Dixie Shanahan: Is There Justice For Battered Women Who Kill?, Leigh Goodmark
The Punishment Of Dixie Shanahan: Is There Justice For Battered Women Who Kill?, Leigh Goodmark
Leigh S. Goodmark
No abstract provided.
A Troubled Marriage: Domestic Violence And The Legal System, Leigh Goodmark
A Troubled Marriage: Domestic Violence And The Legal System, Leigh Goodmark
Leigh S. Goodmark
The development of a legal regime to combat domestic violence in the United States has been lauded as one of the feminist movement’s greatest triumphs. But, Leigh Goodmark argues, the resulting system is deeply flawed in ways that prevent it from assisting many women subjected to abuse. The current legal response to domestic violence is excessively focused on physical violence; this narrow definition of abuse fails to provide protection from behaviors that are profoundly damaging, including psychological, economic, and reproductive abuse. The system uses mandatory policies that deny women subjected to abuse autonomy and agency, substituting the state’s priorities for …
Death Penalty In America -- Recent Pew Study, Robert Sanger
Death Penalty In America -- Recent Pew Study, Robert Sanger
Robert M. Sanger
The Pew Research Center published the results of its 2013 survey in a release dated February 12, 2014. That study has implications for the continuation of the death penalty in America and California, in particular. It also contains some striking results with regard to the position taken by the game theory strategists who argue against discussing the moral issues.
Capital Punishment In Recent Literature -- Jaques Derrida, Robert Sanger
Capital Punishment In Recent Literature -- Jaques Derrida, Robert Sanger
Robert M. Sanger
The University of Chicago Press has just published The Death Penalty, Volume One (The Seminars of Jacques Derrida) translated by Peggy Kamuf. They are the lectures of the late continental philosopher Jacques Derrida (1930-2004) on capital punishment. Derrida is the author of deconstruction (if deconstruction were allowed to have an author) and has a reputation for being, let us say, opaque in his writings.
In his later years, he took up certain legal and political issues in a fashion that seems more intelligible. Particularly, Derrida’s lectures on moral subjects were popular in the United States as well as Europe. The …
The Quest For Finality: Five Stories Of White Collar Criminal Prosecution, Lucian Dervan
The Quest For Finality: Five Stories Of White Collar Criminal Prosecution, Lucian Dervan
Lucian E Dervan
In this symposium article, Professor Dervan examines the issue of finality and sentencing. In considering this issue, he argues that prosecutors, defendants, and society as a whole are drawn to the concept of finality in various ways during criminal adjudications. Further, far from an aspirational summit, he argues that some outgrowths of this quest for finality could be destructive and, in fact, obstructive to some of the larger goals of our criminal justice system, including the pursuit of truth and the protection of the innocent.
Given the potential abstraction of these issues, Professor Dervan decided to discuss the possible consequences …