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Full-Text Articles in Law
The Jurisprudence Of Union, Gil Seinfeld
The Jurisprudence Of Union, Gil Seinfeld
Articles
The primary goal of this Article is to demonstrate that the interest in national unity does important, independent work in the law of vertical federalism. We have long been accustomed to treating union as a constitutionally operative value in cases involving the duties states owe one another (i.e. horizontal federalism cases), but in cases involving the relationship between the federal government and the states, the interest in union is routinely ignored. This Article shows that, across a wide range of cases relating to the allocation of power between the federal government and the states, the states are constrained by a …
Withdrawal: The Roberts Court And The Retreat From Election Law, Ellen D. Katz
Withdrawal: The Roberts Court And The Retreat From Election Law, Ellen D. Katz
Articles
Last Term the Supreme Court handed down four decisions that upheld diverse efforts by state governments to regulate the electoral process. The Court turned back challenges to New York’s method for nominating judicial candidates, Washington’s modified blanket primary system, Indiana’s voter identification requirement, and Alabama’s use of gubernatorial appointment to fill county commission vacancies in Mobile County. Unlike other recent election decisions, these were not close cases. All nine Justices supported the New York holding, while supermajorities voted in favor of the result in the others. This consensus, moreover, emerged even as the Court voted to reverse unanimous decisions by …
The State Judiciary's Role In Fulfilling Brown's Promise, Quentin A. Palfrey
The State Judiciary's Role In Fulfilling Brown's Promise, Quentin A. Palfrey
Michigan Journal of Race and Law
After a brief overview of school finance litigation since Rodriguez and school desegregation cases since Brown, Part I argues that the "adequacy" model of reform addresses many of the underlying concerns of the equity model without sharing its methodological and strategic shortcomings. Part II focuses in more detail on Campaign for Fiscal Equity v. State ("CFE"). Part III argues that education reform that is implemented after a finding that a state has violated a state constitutional duty should: (1) equalize funding to the extent necessary to guarantee certain minimum necessary inputs such as qualified teachers, small class …
On The Meaning And Impact Of The Physician-Assisted Suicide Cases, Yale Kamisar
On The Meaning And Impact Of The Physician-Assisted Suicide Cases, Yale Kamisar
Book Chapters
I read every newspaper article I could find on the meaning and impact of the U.S. Supreme Court's June 1997 decisions in Washington v Glucksberg and Vacco v Quill. I came away with the impression that some proponents of physician-assisted suicide (PAS) were unable or unwilling publicly to recognize the magnitude of the setback they suffered when the Court handed down its rulings in the PAS cases.
State Responses To Task Force Reports On Race And Ethnic Bias In The Courts, Suellyn Scarnecchia
State Responses To Task Force Reports On Race And Ethnic Bias In The Courts, Suellyn Scarnecchia
Articles
While several states have embarked on studies of race and ethnic bias in their courts, Minnesota is only the sixth to publish its report to date. As Minnesota joins the ranks of states with published reports, it is worthwhile to assess the impact of the five earlier published reports from other states. Final reports have been published in Michigan (1989), Washington (1990), New York (1991), Florida (1991) and New Jersey (1992). The published reports make findings and provide several specific recommendations for change. This article will review the published findings and recommendations of the task forces and will discuss the …
The Emergence Of A General Reformation Doctrine For Wills, Lawrence W. Waggoner, John H. Langbein
The Emergence Of A General Reformation Doctrine For Wills, Lawrence W. Waggoner, John H. Langbein
Articles
In this article, which both summarizes and updates an extensively footnoted article published last year ("Reformation of Wills on the Ground of Mistake: Change of Direction in American Law?" 130 University of Pennsylvania Law Rmiew 521 (1982)), we report on this new case law and discuss the analytic framework that we think it suggests and requires.
Reformation Of Wills On The Ground Of Mistake: Change Of Direction In American Law?, John H. Langbein, Lawrence W. Waggoner
Reformation Of Wills On The Ground Of Mistake: Change Of Direction In American Law?, John H. Langbein, Lawrence W. Waggoner
Articles
Although it has been "axiomatic" that our courts do not entertain suits to reform wills on the ground of mistake, appellate courts in California, New Jersey, and New York have decided cases within the last five years that may presage the abandonment of the ancient "no-reformation" rule. The new cases do not purport to make this fundamental doctrinal change, although the California Court of Appeal in Estate of Taff and the New Jersey Supreme Court in Engle v. Siegel did expressly disclaim a related rule, sometimes called the "plain meaning" rule. That rule, which hereafter we will call the "no-extrinsic-evidence …
Fraudulent Conveyances In The Conflict Of Laws: Easy Cases May Make Bad Law, Albert A. Ehrenzweig, Peter K. Westen
Fraudulent Conveyances In The Conflict Of Laws: Easy Cases May Make Bad Law, Albert A. Ehrenzweig, Peter K. Westen
Michigan Law Review
It has been said that hard cases often make bad law. The recent decision by the New York Court of Appeals in James v. Powell suggests that easy cases, too, may make bad law-especially where a scholarly judge ventures beyond the demands of the case before him.
Legal Aid--Lay Control And Organizational Complexity Render Oeo Legal Service Program Unacceptable To New York Court--In Re Community Action For Legal Services, Inc., Michigan Law Review
Legal Aid--Lay Control And Organizational Complexity Render Oeo Legal Service Program Unacceptable To New York Court--In Re Community Action For Legal Services, Inc., Michigan Law Review
Michigan Law Review
The Office of Economic Opportunity (OEO) and the New York City Council Against Poverty approved the organization and the OEO funding of three legal service corporations as part of a comprehensive program to provide legal assistance to New York City's poor. According to the plan, the first corporation, Community Action for Legal Services, Inc. (CALS), was to approve proposed plans for setting up and operating neighborhood law offices with OEO funds and then to supervise and coordinate the agencies that sought to put those plans into operation. These agencies, operating as delegates of CALS, and under subcontracts with it, were …
International Law-Immunity Of Employee Of United Nations Delegation From In Rem Proceedings In Municipal Courts, Allan Neef
Michigan Law Review
A landlord's summary proceeding for recovery of possession was brought in a New York municipal court against a secretary of the Argentine delegation to the United Nations. The defendant appeared specially and moved to vacate the service of the precept, claiming immunity from suit by virtue of the grant of diplomatic privileges and immunities to official employees of member delegations under Article V of the Headquarters Agreement between the United States and the United Nations. Held, motion denied. Realty not directly pertaining to a delegation's employee's official position is not removed from the jurisdiction of the local courts by …
Federal Courts-Venue-Transfer To A More Convenient Forum Under Title 28, United States Code, Section 1404(A), Nolan W. Carson S. Ed.
Federal Courts-Venue-Transfer To A More Convenient Forum Under Title 28, United States Code, Section 1404(A), Nolan W. Carson S. Ed.
Michigan Law Review
A cause of action based on diversity of citizenship was brought in a United States District Court in Pennsylvania by a New York corporation against a Delaware corporation. Plaintiff joined a New York corporation as an involuntary plaintiff. Defendant then moved for a transfer based on forum non conveniens to the Southern District of New York. Held, this suit could not have been brought originally in the Southern District of New York since the present involuntary plaintiff, amenable to process in that district, could only have been joined as a defendant and diversity of citizenship would have been absent. …
Federal Courts-Substitution Of Parties By Amendment Under The Federal Rules To Correct A Jurisdictional Defect, Rex Eames S.Ed.
Federal Courts-Substitution Of Parties By Amendment Under The Federal Rules To Correct A Jurisdictional Defect, Rex Eames S.Ed.
Michigan Law Review
The plaintiffs, local officers of a union, sued to enjoin the national officers of the union from interfering with plaintiffs' union duties. Because the original complaint failed to show diversity of citizenship as a basis for federal jurisdiction, plaintiffs sought by amendment to substitute five nonresident members of the union as parties plaintiff and to change the action to a class suit. Held, the court had the power to permit such an amendment but, in the exercise of its discretion, it would not do so here. National Maritime Union of America v. Curran, (D.C. N.Y. 1949) 87 F. …
Federal Courts-Forum Non Conveniens-Derivative Suits, Edward S. Tripp S.Ed.
Federal Courts-Forum Non Conveniens-Derivative Suits, Edward S. Tripp S.Ed.
Michigan Law Review
Plaintiff, a resident of New York, and a policyholder in defendant Illinois corporation, brought a suit in the United States District Court in New York to force one of defendant's directors and another corporation to account to defendant for alleged waste of its corporate assets. Defendant moved for dismissal on the grounds that the suit would involve interference with the internal affairs of a foreign corporation, and that. the suit in New York would work great hardship, since the defendant would be required to transport many records and witnesses from Illinois to New York at great expense. The suit was …
Federal Courts-Forum Non Conveniens Applied In Negligence Action, Edward S. Tripp S.Ed.
Federal Courts-Forum Non Conveniens Applied In Negligence Action, Edward S. Tripp S.Ed.
Michigan Law Review
ln a Federal District Court in New York, plaintiff, a resident of Virginia, sued defendant, a Pennsylvania corporation doing business in New York and Virginia, for negligent destruction of plaintiff's warehouse in Virginia. Defendant moved to dismiss on the ground that suit in New York would not be proper because neither plaintiff nor defendant was a resident of New York, the cause of action arose in Virginia, and because suit in New York would work great hardship on defendant since it would be unable to compel the attendance of material witnesses resident in Virginia, nor could it join, as defendant, …
Bankruptcy - Chapter X Reorganization - Power Of The Trustee To Sue In A Foreign Jurisdiction, Shubrick T. Kothe S.Ed.
Bankruptcy - Chapter X Reorganization - Power Of The Trustee To Sue In A Foreign Jurisdiction, Shubrick T. Kothe S.Ed.
Michigan Law Review
Plaintiffs, trustees appointed under Chapter X of the Bankruptcy Act, as amended, by the District Court for the Eastern District of Virginia, sued defendants in the District Court for the Southern District of New York to recover corporate assets, alleging a conspiracy to defraud the debtor corporation. Jurisdiction was rested, not upon diversity of citizenship, but upon sections 2 and 102 of the Bankruptcy Act, and certain sections of the Judicial Code, not pertinent here. The district court dismissed the action for want of jurisdiction. On appeal, held, reversed. The reorganization trustee under Chapter X may maintain an action …
The Scope Of A Civil Action, William Wirt Blume
The Scope Of A Civil Action, William Wirt Blume
Michigan Law Review
In the last fifty years the rules which deal with what Professor Millar happily has called "The Compass of the Cause" have shown "conspicuous advance." This advance is clearly reflected in the Rules of Civil Procedure of the District Courts of the United States, effective in 1938. It is the purpose of this paper, first, to present a complete analysis of the concept: scope of a civil action; second, to show the weaknesses of the codes in dealing with this concept; and, third, to indicate to what extent these, weaknesses have been remedied by the new …
Federal Courts - Jurisdiction - Diversity Of Citizenship - Realignment Of Parties, Michigan Law Review
Federal Courts - Jurisdiction - Diversity Of Citizenship - Realignment Of Parties, Michigan Law Review
Michigan Law Review
Plaintiff, a New York corporation, was trustee under a mortgage deed to secure a bond issue executed by A, an Indiana corporation, in 1902. In 1906, B, an Indiana corporation, was formed, its franchise providing, inter alia, that after the expiration of twenty-five years, the company should be wound up and its property conveyed to C, the city of Indianapolis, subject to B's "outstanding legal obligations." In 1913, A leased all of its plant property to B for a term of ninety-nine years, B agreeing to pay as rental the interest on A's outstanding bonded …
Bankruptcy-Debtor Proceedings-Power Of Court To Enjoin State Court Actions
Bankruptcy-Debtor Proceedings-Power Of Court To Enjoin State Court Actions
Michigan Law Review
A debtor proceeding was initiated in a Florida federal court and an ancillary proceeding was begun in a New York federal court. The latter court enjoined petitioner, who had obtained a tort judgment against the debtor in a New York state court, which judgment had been affirmed by the Appellate Division, from arguing the case as appellee in the New York Court of Appeals and from continuing to prosecute an action commenced by him (petitioner) against the sureties on an appeal bond filed by the debtor pending the appeal to the Appellate Division. Shares of stock had been pledged by …
Injunctions Of State Courts Restraining Parties From Proceeding In The Tribunals Of Other States
Injunctions Of State Courts Restraining Parties From Proceeding In The Tribunals Of Other States
Michigan Law Review
It has long been accepted that a court of equity, acting in personam, can enjoin one over whom it has jurisdiction from bringing an action in a foreign tribunal. A nice question is presented when an effort is made to determine on what occasions the court will exercise that power. It is frequently said that it will be exercised but sparingly, and then only where a clear equitable right is established by the petitioner. This, in spite of the strong language commonly accompanying such statements, is no more than that which the court requires for the issuance of any …
Perpetuity Statutes, Edwin C. Goddard
Perpetuity Statutes, Edwin C. Goddard
Articles
THE common law of perpetuities is one of the most interesting examples of almost pure judicial legislation. De Donis, The Statutes of Uses and of Wills, but gave wider scope to the development by the courts of rules of law to thwart the attempt of the great landowners to tie up their landed estates in their families in perpetuity. One body of rules to this end limited restraints upon alienation, another the creation of future interests vesting at too remote a period. Restriction of restraints upon alienation, and the rule against perpetuities, these two were developed for the same end, …
Unrecognized Government Or State In English And American Law (Part 1), Edwin D. Dickinson
Unrecognized Government Or State In English And American Law (Part 1), Edwin D. Dickinson
Articles
From the decision of this novel case, reported as Pelzer v. United Dredging Co., we may infer that the New York courts regard unrecognized Mexico as a sort of legal vacuum. In granting the corporation's motion for judgment on the pleadings, the Supreme Court said: "The administratrix plaintiff is an officer of a foreign court. It is syllogistically true that if the foreign court has no recognized power here she may not assert a right derived through her appointment therefrom. The Mexican government is not de facto here, since recognition alone can make it so. It may have all the …
Unrecognized Government Or State In English And American Law (Part 2), Edwin D. Dickinson
Unrecognized Government Or State In English And American Law (Part 2), Edwin D. Dickinson
Articles
PROBABLY no one in the British Empire or the United States would question the doctrine that it belongs exclusively to the political departments to recognize new governments or states. The difficulties involved are those which arise in the application of a doctrine so broadly stated. Not every situation involving an unrecognized government or state requires the decision of a question of recognition. If the decision of a political question is not involved, then it is entirely proper for the courts to take cognizance of a mere de facto government or state. In what situations may the courts appropriately take account …
Extension Of Judicial Review In New York, Edward S. Corwin
Extension Of Judicial Review In New York, Edward S. Corwin
Michigan Law Review
There are several reasons why it should be worth while to investigate the operation of the most unique of American governmental institutions in the most important state of the Union. For one thing, in the person of Chancellor KZN" New York furnished one of the founders of American Constitutional Law, while at the same time it was KzNT's fame that early gave New York decisions the importance they still retain in great part in the field of citation and precedent. Again it was YNT'S influence that inclined the fresh shoot of constitutional jurisprudence in New York in a conservative direction, …
The Michigan Judicature Act Of 1915, Edson R. Sunderland
The Michigan Judicature Act Of 1915, Edson R. Sunderland
Articles
IN 1848 a wave of reform in judicial procedure began to sweep over the United States. In that year the legislature of New York enacted the Code of Civil Procedure, a statute of far-reaching importance, for it became the source of and the model for similar legislation in almost two-thirds of the States in the Union.
Mortgagee In Possession In New York And Michigan, Edgar N. Durfee
Mortgagee In Possession In New York And Michigan, Edgar N. Durfee
Articles
It is interesting to observe how tenaciously the old common law of mortgages has persisted in the state of New York, the very cradle of the modem lien theory of the mortgage. As early as 1802 Chancellor KENT began the importation into that state of Lord MANSFIELD'S Civil Law doctrines of mortgage. Johnson v. Hart, 3 Johns. Cas. 322. In 1814, in the case of Runyan v. Mersereau, 11 Johns. 534, the lien theory definitely triumphed over the old law. In other cases, both before and since the statute of 1828 denying ejectment to the mortgagee, the details of mortgage …
Taking Of Equitable Easements For Public Use, Edgar N. Durfee
Taking Of Equitable Easements For Public Use, Edgar N. Durfee
Articles
The case of Flynn v. New York &c Railway Co., decided by the Court of Appeals of New York in April last, involves the right of an owner of land to which is appurtenant a so-called equitable easement, arising under a covenant restricting the use of other land, to compensation upon the taking of the servient land for a public use inconsistent with the restriction. A tract of land was laid out in accordance with a plan, and all, lots therein were sold and conveyed by deeds containing covenants, inter alia, that, "No building or structure for any business purpose …