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Articles 1 - 30 of 34
Full-Text Articles in Law
Cartels As Rational Business Strategy: Crime Pays, John M. Connor, Robert H. Lande
Cartels As Rational Business Strategy: Crime Pays, John M. Connor, Robert H. Lande
All Faculty Scholarship
This article is the first to analyze whether cartel sanctions are optimal. The conventional wisdom is that the current level of sanctions is adequate or excessive. The article demonstrates, however, that the combined level of current United States cartel sanctions is only 9% to 21% as large as it should be to protect potential victims of cartelization optimally. Consequently, the average level of United States anti-cartel sanctions should be approximately quintupled.
The United States imposes a diverse arsenal of sanctions against collusion: criminal fines and restitution payments for the firms involved and prison, house arrest and fines for the corporate …
How The Ftc Could Beat Google, Robert H. Lande, Jonathan L. Rubin
How The Ftc Could Beat Google, Robert H. Lande, Jonathan L. Rubin
All Faculty Scholarship
The U.S. Federal Trade Commission is rumored to be deciding whether to bring a “pure Section 5” case against Google as a result of complaints that the company unfairly favors its own offerings over those of its rivals in its search results. But the case will fail miserably at the hands of a reviewing court and the agency will be confined to relatively non-controversial enforcement violations if the FTC fails to impose upon itself a tightly bounded and constrained legal framework that contains clear limiting principles. The only way a court will allow the FTC to pursue a pure Section …
Testimony Of Mary Spector On Examining The Uses Of Consumer Credit Data Before Subcommittee On Financial Institutions And Consumer Credit Committee On Financial Services, Mary B. Spector
Faculty Journal Articles and Book Chapters
No abstract provided.
Consumer Choice As The Best Way To Describe The Goals Of Competition Law, Robert H. Lande
Consumer Choice As The Best Way To Describe The Goals Of Competition Law, Robert H. Lande
All Faculty Scholarship
This article is both a short introduction to the Consumer Choice explanation for Competition Law or Antitrust Law, and also a short advocacy piece suggesting that Consumer Choice is the best way to articulate the goals of European Competition Law and United States Antitrust Law.
This article briefly:
- defines the consumer choice approach to antitrust or competition law and shows how it differs from other approaches;
- shows that the antitrust statutes and theories of violation embody a concern for optimal levels of consumer choice;
- shows that the United States antitrust case law embodies a concern for optimal levels of consumer …
First Amendment Protection For Union Appeals To Consumers, Michael C. Harper
First Amendment Protection For Union Appeals To Consumers, Michael C. Harper
Faculty Scholarship
This article explains why decisions of the National Labor Relations Board under President Obama holding non-picketing secondary appeals to consumers not to be illegal under the National Labor Relations Act were necessary under a 1988 decision of the Supreme Court, Edward J. DeBartolo Corp. v. Florida Gulf Coast Building & Construction Trades Council. The article also explains why both the Supreme Court decision and the Board’s recent decisions were compelled by the first amendment and could not be based on the language of § 8(b)(4)(ii)(B) of the National Labor Relations Act as interpreted by the Court in other cases. The …
Paper On The Business Case For Transparency, Perrine Toledano
Paper On The Business Case For Transparency, Perrine Toledano
Columbia Center on Sustainable Investment Staff Publications
CCSI strongly supports the transparency of contracts and tax flows. CCSI shares the belief of many stakeholders that transparency is essential to leverage extractive industries for sustainable development and is in the mutual interest of all stakeholders. However, some industry players continue to voice the concern that increased transparency would be harmful for their business. Therefore, CCSI is working to also establish the business case for transparency.
In one such case, some industry players have been lobbying against the regulations developed by the Security and Exchange Commission to implement the mandatory disclosure provisions of the Dodd Frank Wall Street Reform …
Defending Junk-Debt-Buyer Lawsuits, Peter A. Holland
Defending Junk-Debt-Buyer Lawsuits, Peter A. Holland
Faculty Scholarship
Junk debt buyer lawsuits have overwhelmed the courts all across the United States. These lawsuits wreak havoc on consumers and their families. Often overlooked is the fact that judgments against consumers which are based on junk debt are part of a zero sum game, where every bogus judgment deprives a legitimate creditor of the chance to get paid from scarce resources. Thus, the legitimate creditor to whom money is owed is materially harmed by the junk debt buyer who extracts money based on an illegitimate claim, or who causes someone to declare bankruptcy. Providing representation to this otherwise unrepresented population …
After Class: Aggregate Litigation In The Wake Of At&T Mobility V Concepcion, Myriam E. Gilles, Gary Friedman
After Class: Aggregate Litigation In The Wake Of At&T Mobility V Concepcion, Myriam E. Gilles, Gary Friedman
Articles
Class actions are on the ropes. Courts in recent years have ramped up the standards governing the certification of damages classes and created new standing requirements for consumer class actions. Most recently, in Wal-Mart v Dukes, the Supreme Court articulated a new and highly restrictive interpretation of the commonality requirement of Rule 23(a). But all of this pales in comparison to the Court's April 2011 decision in AT&T Mobility v Concepcion, broadly validating arbitration provisions containing class action waivers. The precise reach of Concepcion warrants close scrutiny. Our analysis suggests that following Concepcion, some plaintiffs will be able to successfully …
Still Chasing Chimeras But Finally Slaying Some Dragons In The Quest For Consumer Bankruptcy Reform, 25 Loy. Consumer L. Rev. 1 (2012), Jason Kilborn
Still Chasing Chimeras But Finally Slaying Some Dragons In The Quest For Consumer Bankruptcy Reform, 25 Loy. Consumer L. Rev. 1 (2012), Jason Kilborn
UIC Law Open Access Faculty Scholarship
Consumer bankruptcy systems in Europe and the United States have witnessed especially robust and dynamic development during the past decade. The ever-rising volume of seeking entry to these systems now allows for cross-systemic comparisons of substantially differing “markets” for the relief that these systems offer. In particular, the distinct trend toward greater efficiency seen in other financial markets can be increasingly observed in most consumer bankruptcy regimes, with some notable exceptions. In this context, market performance can be gauged in part by the degree to which systems offer efficient and effective relief as a stimulus to deploying available debtor resources …
Mixed Reality: How The Laws Of Virtual Worlds Govern Everyday Life, Joshua A.T. Fairfield
Mixed Reality: How The Laws Of Virtual Worlds Govern Everyday Life, Joshua A.T. Fairfield
Scholarly Articles
Just as the Internet linked human knowledge through the simple mechanism of the hyperlink, now reality itself is being hyperlinked, indexed, and augmented with virtual experiences. Imagine being able to check the background of your next date through your cell phone, or experience a hidden world of trolls and goblins while you are out strolling in the park. This is the exploding technology of Mixed Reality, which augments real places, people, and things with rich virtual experiences.
As virtual and real worlds converge, the law that governs virtual experiences will increasingly come to govern everyday life. The problem is that …
Toward A Stronger Financial History Antidiscrimination Norm., Lea Krivinskas Shepard
Toward A Stronger Financial History Antidiscrimination Norm., Lea Krivinskas Shepard
Faculty Publications & Other Works
This Article examines a topic at the intersection of consumer protection and antidiscrimination law: the use by employers and licensing organizations of applicants' credit reports and financial histories in the hiring and licensing processes. The Article begins with a broad normative assessment of the merits of the practice by examining applicable "logics of personhood," categories of a framework of antidiscrimination analysis that assesses whether traditionally unprotected groups are entitled to formal antidiscrimination safeguards. Thus, the Article considers whether financial histories validly and reliably reflect personality traits relevant to job performance. It then examines to what extent the use of financial …
Why Mortgage "Formalities" Matter, David A. Dana
Why Mortgage "Formalities" Matter, David A. Dana
Faculty Working Papers
This Article argues that adherence to mortgage formalities regarding foreclosure is valuable for expressive reasons and also as a potential deterrent to future undesirable underwriting and securitization practices. The Article reviews how some courts have in effect written procedural requirements for foreclosure out of the law, and asks why these courts have done so and whether lenders' behavior might have been improved during this housing crisis had the state courts uniformly afforded equal respect to the legal rights of homeowners and those of lenders.
Regulation Of Payday Loans: Misguided?, Paige Marta Skiba
Regulation Of Payday Loans: Misguided?, Paige Marta Skiba
Vanderbilt Law School Faculty Publications
Since payday lenders came on the scene in 1990s, regulation of their "predatory" practices has been swift and often severe. Fourteen states now ban payday loans outright. From an economist's perspective, high-interest, short-term, small loans need not be a bad thing. Payday credit can help borrowers "smooth" consumption, unequivocally improving welfare as consumers borrow from future good times to help cover current shortfalls. These benefits of credit can accrue even at typical payday loan interest rates of 300%-600% APR. The question of whether payday credit actually assists borrowers in this way is an empirical one. In this Article, I review …
The Homeowners’ Illusory Safety Net: Mortgage Broker Surety Liability, Bryan Adamson
The Homeowners’ Illusory Safety Net: Mortgage Broker Surety Liability, Bryan Adamson
Faculty Articles
This Article exposes a critical consumer protection flaw in Washington State’s Mortgage Brokers Practices Act. While allowing aggrieved borrowers to bring claims against mortgage brokers at least up to three years from the date of injury, it requires a borrower to bring an action against the mortgage broker’s surety within one year of the injury. This Article posits that the one-year statute of limitations for actions against the mortgage surety is procedurally counterintuitive. Importantly, it also compels filing of possibly frivolous claims, and subverts all other statute of limitations provisions otherwise available to a wronged consumer. The Article explains why …
Consumer Rights Screening Tool For Domestic Violence Advocates And Lawyers, Leah A. Plunkett, Erica A. Sussman
Consumer Rights Screening Tool For Domestic Violence Advocates And Lawyers, Leah A. Plunkett, Erica A. Sussman
Law Faculty Scholarship
The information is this document is intended for use by advocates and attorneys working with survivors of domestic violence in understanding the common types of consumer problems faced by the survivors. The document provides an overview of the common consumer issues faced by survivors and offers solid guidance on how advocates and attorneys can identify these issues when working the survivors. The report begins with an overview of the role of economic abuse in cases of domestic violence. This is followed by a brief look at common consumer issues faced by survivors that include managing household income and expenses, credit …
Behaviorally Informed Regulation, Michael S. Barr, Sendhil Mullainathan, Eldar Shafir
Behaviorally Informed Regulation, Michael S. Barr, Sendhil Mullainathan, Eldar Shafir
Book Chapters
Policy makers typically approach human behavior from the perspective of the rational agent model, which relics on normativc, a priori analyses. The model assumes people make insightful, well-planned, highly controlled, and calculated decisions guided by considerations of personal utility. This perspective is promoted in the social sciences and in professional schools and has come to dominate much of the formulation and conduct of policy. An alternative view, developed mostly through empirical behavioral research, and the one we will articulate here, provides a substantially difierent perspective on individual behavior and its policy and regulatory implications. According to the empirical perspective, behavior …
Clash Of Cultures - Integrating Copyright And Consumer Law, Lucie Guibault, Natali Helberger
Clash Of Cultures - Integrating Copyright And Consumer Law, Lucie Guibault, Natali Helberger
Articles, Book Chapters, & Popular Press
Purpose – This article seeks to deal with the fundamental conceptual differences between consumer law and copyright law that render the application of consumer law to copyright-law related conflicts difficult. Design/methodology/approach – Following a normative approach to copyright and consumer law based on an analysis of the relevant literature and case law, the article examines in which situations consumers encounter obstacles when trying to rely on consumer law to invoke ‘‘privileges’’ granted to them under copyright law, such as the private copying exception. Findings – Research shows that most difficulties lie in the fundamental conceptual differences between consumer law and …
An Investigation Of The Rationality Of Consumer Valuations Of Multiple Health Risks, W. Kip Viscusi, Wesley A. Magat, Joel Huber
An Investigation Of The Rationality Of Consumer Valuations Of Multiple Health Risks, W. Kip Viscusi, Wesley A. Magat, Joel Huber
Vanderbilt Law School Faculty Publications
After developing a conceptual analysis of consumer valuation of multiple risks, we explore both economic and cognitive hypotheses regarding individual risk-taking. Using a sample of over 1,500 consumers, our study ascertains risk-dollar tradeoffs for the risks associated with using an insecticide and a toilet bowl cleaner. We observe the expected positive valuation of risk reductions andfind empirical supportfor a diminishing in the valuation of risk reduction as the extent of the risk reduction increases. We also find evidence of certainty premiums for the total elimination of one risk, but no strong evidence of additional certainty premiums for the elimination of …
Direct-To-Consumer Genetic Testing: Learning From The Past And Looking Toward The Future, Stephanie Bair
Direct-To-Consumer Genetic Testing: Learning From The Past And Looking Toward The Future, Stephanie Bair
Faculty Scholarship
A decade after the complete sequencing of the human genome, we have seen a proliferation of genetic testing services marketed directly to the consumer and purporting to use genetic information to generate individualized health information. These tests have been subject to only minimal regulation, despite the fact that scientists and policymakers have serious concerns about both the clinical effectiveness of the tests and the safety of releasing certain types of health information to the public without the supervision of a health care professional. Proponents of minimal regulation argue that the tests allow for patient autonomy and privacy of genetic information, …
Tying And Consumer Harm, Daniel A. Crane
Tying And Consumer Harm, Daniel A. Crane
Articles
Brantley raises important issues of law, economics, and policy about tying arrangements. Under current legal principles, Brantley was on solid ground in distinguishing between anticompetitive ties and those that might harm consumer interests without impairing competition. As a matter of economics, the court was also right to reject the claim that the cable programmers forced consumers to pay for programs the customers didn’t want. The hardest question is a policy one - whether antitrust law should ever condemn the exploitation of market power in ways that extract surplus from consumers but do not create or enlarge market power. I shall …
Tsunami: At&T Mobility Llc V. Concepcion Impedes Access To Justice, Jean R. Sternlight
Tsunami: At&T Mobility Llc V. Concepcion Impedes Access To Justice, Jean R. Sternlight
Scholarly Works
No abstract provided.
Cybercrime, Ronald C. Griffin
Cybercrime, Ronald C. Griffin
Journal Publications
This essay recounts campaigns against privacy; the fortifications erected against them; and hi-jinx attributable to hackers, crackers, and miscreants under the Fair Credit Reporting Act.
At&T Mobility And Faa Over-Preemption, Jill I. Gross
At&T Mobility And Faa Over-Preemption, Jill I. Gross
Elisabeth Haub School of Law Faculty Publications
The Supreme Court's recent arbitration law decisions reflect the Court's strong support for arbitration agreements, but also severely limit the states’ powers to police the fairness of arbitration. In particular, the Court’s decision in AT&T Mobility v. Concepcion, LLC expands the FAA preemption doctrine beyond its prior boundaries, signaling how far the Court is willing to go to support arbitration clauses at the expense of states’ rights and the values of federalism. This article explores the impact of AT&T Mobility on the preemption of state arbitration law, and the concomitant impact on the balance between state and federal power in …
Investor Protection Meets The Federal Arbitration Act, Jill I. Gross
Investor Protection Meets The Federal Arbitration Act, Jill I. Gross
Elisabeth Haub School of Law Faculty Publications
In the past three decades, most recently in AT&T Mobility LLC v. Concepcion, the United States Supreme Court has advanced an aggressive pro-arbitration campaign, transforming the Federal Arbitration Act (FAA) into a powerful source of anti-consumer substantive arbitration law. In the aftermath of AT&T Mobility, which upheld a prohibition on class actions in a consumer contract despite state law that refused to enforce such provisions on unconscionability grounds, efforts have been made to prohibit investors from bringing class actions or joining claims, including claims under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the Exchange Act). In the most egregious example to …
Consumer Protection Out Of The Shadows Of Shadow Banking: The Role Of The Consumer Financial Protection Bureau, David Reiss
Consumer Protection Out Of The Shadows Of Shadow Banking: The Role Of The Consumer Financial Protection Bureau, David Reiss
Faculty Scholarship
No abstract provided.
Secret Class Action Settlements, Rhonda Wasserman
Secret Class Action Settlements, Rhonda Wasserman
Articles
This Article analyzes the phenomenon of secret class action settlements. To illustrate the practice, Part I undertakes a case study of a class action lawsuit that recently settled under seal. Part II seeks to ascertain the scope of the practice. Part II.A examines newspaper accounts describing class action settlements from around the country. Part II.B focuses on a single federal judicial district – the Western District of Pennsylvania – and seeks to ascertain the percentage of suits filed as class actions that were settled under seal. Having gained some understanding of the scope of the practice, the Article then seeks …
Does Product Liability Make Us Safer?, W. Kip Viscusi
Does Product Liability Make Us Safer?, W. Kip Viscusi
Vanderbilt Law School Faculty Publications
Product liability law is intended to create an environment that fosters safer products. However, this law often has adverse consequences. Some of the problems stem from the inherent nature of product risk decisions and the function of tort liability, while others may derive from individuals’ cognitive limitations and inability to think properly about balancing risk and cost. This paper examines both types of problems and summarizes relevant academic literature.
Freedom Of Contract In An Augmented Reality: The Case Of Consumer Contracts, Scott R. Peppet
Freedom Of Contract In An Augmented Reality: The Case Of Consumer Contracts, Scott R. Peppet
Publications
This Article argues that freedom of contract will take on different meaning in a world in which new technology makes information about places, goods, people, firms, and contract terms available to contracting parties anywhere, at any time. In particular, our increasingly "augmented reality" calls into question leading justifications for distrusting consumer contracts and strengthens traditional understandings of freedom of contract. This is largely a descriptive and predictive argument: This Article aims to introduce contract law to these technologies and consider their most likely effects. It certainly has normative implications, however. Given that the vast majority of consumer contracting occurs in …
Regulation Goes Medieval, Andrew A. Schwartz
Regulation Goes Medieval, Andrew A. Schwartz
Publications
Section 301 of the 2009 federal Credit Card Accountability, Responsibility, and Disclosure Act prohibits the issuance of consumer credit cards to young adults ages 18–20 unless the credit contract is cosigned by an older adult who accepts joint liability for the card, or else the young adult proves she has “independent means of repaying” her credit card obligations. This prohibition is at odds with a 50-year trend of extending the rights of adulthood to people ages 18–20. It also blocks an important source of credit for young entrepreneurs, who often use consumer credit to launch their enterprises.
Privacy & The Personal Prospectus: Should We Introduce Privacy Agents Or Regulate Privacy Intermediaries, Scott R. Peppet
Privacy & The Personal Prospectus: Should We Introduce Privacy Agents Or Regulate Privacy Intermediaries, Scott R. Peppet
Publications
No abstract provided.