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Articles 1 - 30 of 51
Full-Text Articles in Law
Maryland And The Constitution Of The United States: An Introductory Essay, William L. Reynolds
Maryland And The Constitution Of The United States: An Introductory Essay, William L. Reynolds
Faculty Scholarship
The State of Maryland and the attorneys who practice in it have played a profound role in the history of the Constitution of the United States. That relationship should not surprise anyone: after all, Maryland was one of the original thirteen states, and its proximity to the nation’s capitol ensured that its lawyers would play an active role in the bar of the Supreme Court. Although the case names alone would make that history apparent – McCulloch v. Maryland, Brown v. Maryland, Federal Baseball – I am not aware of a serious scholarly effort to bring that history to the …
Youngstown, Hamdan, And "Inherent" Emergency Presidential Policymaking Powers, Gordon G. Young
Youngstown, Hamdan, And "Inherent" Emergency Presidential Policymaking Powers, Gordon G. Young
Faculty Scholarship
This brief article explores the contribution that Hamdan v Rumsfeld may have made to clarifying what should happen in the large interstices of the rules created by the Youngstown case for determining the validity of claims of Presidential power. It offers its own view of the scope of Presidential powers in extreme emergencies involving the incapacitation of the legislative branch.
The Incredible Shrinking Constitutional Theory: From The Partial Constitution To The Minimal Constitution, James E. Fleming
The Incredible Shrinking Constitutional Theory: From The Partial Constitution To The Minimal Constitution, James E. Fleming
Faculty Scholarship
Cass Sunstein and I have written fundamentally different books. My Securing Constitutional Democracy: The Case of Autonomy' puts forward a liberal Constitution-perfecting theory, one that aspires to interpret the American Constitution so as to make it the best it can be. Sunstein's Radicals in Robes: Why Extreme Right-Wing Courts Are Wrong for America2 advances a minimalist critique of radical conservative constitutional theories of "fundamentalism" that call for restoring the "Constitution in exile."
The Unitary Executive, Jurisdiction Stripping, And The Hamdan Opinions: A Textualist Response To Justice Scalia, Steven G. Calabresi, Gary S. Lawson
The Unitary Executive, Jurisdiction Stripping, And The Hamdan Opinions: A Textualist Response To Justice Scalia, Steven G. Calabresi, Gary S. Lawson
Faculty Scholarship
In Hamdan v. Rumsfeld, a five to three majority of the United States Supreme Court held unlawful the Bush Administration's use of military commissions to try alien combatant detainees held at the United States airbase in Guantanamo Bay, Cuba-at least until and unless Congress enacted more specific authorization for the composition and procedures of the commissions. 1 There are many features of the Court's opinion that we find questionable: its analysis of the wartime scope of the "executive Power"2 vested in the President by Article II of the Constitution,3 its construction of the statutes that supposedly limit the President's power …
Beyond The Schoolhouse Gate: Do Student First Amendment Rights Apply To Classroom Assignments?, Leora Harpaz
Beyond The Schoolhouse Gate: Do Student First Amendment Rights Apply To Classroom Assignments?, Leora Harpaz
Faculty Scholarship
While it has long been apparent that the First Amendment protection for freedom of expression limits the discretion of public school teachers and administrators, it has been assumed that those limitations do not constrain equally all aspects of a school's operation. One area that has seemed somewhat immune from First Amendment free speech oversight has been the pedagogic choices made by schools in defining their own educational objectives. Public schools have been permitted to select curricular materials for use in their classrooms and have been able to evaluate whether students have fulfilled course requirements without concern that they may be …
Ordinary Powers In Extraordinary Times: Common Sense In Times Of Crisis Symposium: Extraordinary Powers In Ordinary Times, Gary S. Lawson
Ordinary Powers In Extraordinary Times: Common Sense In Times Of Crisis Symposium: Extraordinary Powers In Ordinary Times, Gary S. Lawson
Faculty Scholarship
The U.S. Constitution was written, debated, ratified, and implemented in the shadow of crisis. The country was birthed in war. In the aftermath of ratification, opponents of the Constitution could have precipitated a civil war that would have jeopardized the survival of the fledgling national government. I Throughout the founding era, any number of European powers were perceived to pose a serious threat of invasion. 2 Well into the 1800s, especially in certain northeastern states, substantial homegrown support for realignment with England persisted; the possibility of an internal rebellion in those areas was quite real.3 Individuals interested more in power …
Irrationality And Animus In Class-Of-One Equal Protection Cases, William D. Araiza
Irrationality And Animus In Class-Of-One Equal Protection Cases, William D. Araiza
Faculty Scholarship
No abstract provided.
Hamdan As An Assertion Of Judicial Power, Jana B. Singer
Hamdan As An Assertion Of Judicial Power, Jana B. Singer
Faculty Scholarship
In Hamdan v Rumsfeld, the Supreme Court rebuffed the Bush administration’s initial attempt to use Military Commissions created by Executive Order to try detainees held at Guantanamo Bay. The Court ruled that the President, acting alone, lacked the authority to employ the Commissions because their structure and procedure violated both the Uniform Code of Military Justice and the Geneva Conventions. Most academic commentators have viewed the Hamdan decision as primarily about the limits of executive power. On this view, the central constitutional problem in Hamdan was that the Executive had acted unilaterally in an area where the Constitution required the …
Gender And Justice: Parity And The United States Supreme Court, Paula A. Monopoli
Gender And Justice: Parity And The United States Supreme Court, Paula A. Monopoli
Faculty Scholarship
There is a deep concern among many American women that only one woman remains on the United States Supreme Court. When Justice Sandra Day O’Connor was sworn in on September 25, 1981, most people never imagined that twenty-five years later there would still be only one woman on the Court. It appears that it will be many more years before there is a critical mass of women sitting on the high court. Given its central role, the Court should better represent the gender balance in American society. In a number of other countries, voluntary or involuntary parity provisions have been …
Foreword: Making Sense Of An Eighteenth-Century Constitution In A Twenty-First-Century World, Mark A. Graber
Foreword: Making Sense Of An Eighteenth-Century Constitution In A Twenty-First-Century World, Mark A. Graber
Faculty Scholarship
The Maryland Constitutional Law Schmooze, "An Eighteenth-Century Constitution in a Twenty-First-Century World" explores the interpretive and political challenges inherent in recourse to an ancient text for resolving political questions. Although no Essay cites Quentin Skinner, the debates between participants in the Schmooze and this Symposium mirror the debates between Skinner and his critics. Some participants insist that crucial aspects of an eighteenth-century text remain vibrant at present, that contemporary political life would be improved by more careful study of the Constitution. Others blame crucial pathologies of American politics on a combination of too careful study of and too uncritical veneration …
Tied Up In Knotts? Gps Technology And The Fourth Amendment, Renée Mcdonald Hutchins
Tied Up In Knotts? Gps Technology And The Fourth Amendment, Renée Mcdonald Hutchins
Faculty Scholarship
Judicial and scholarly assessment of emerging technology seems poised to drive the Fourth Amendment down one of three paths. The first would simply relegate the amendment to a footnote in history books by limiting its reach to harms that the framers specifically envisioned. A modified version of this first approach would dispense with expansive constitutional notions of privacy and replace them with legislative fixes. A third path offers the amendment continued vitality but requires the U.S. Supreme Court to overhaul its Fourth Amendment analysis. Fortunately, a fourth alternative is available to cabin emerging technologies within the existing doctrinal framework. Analysis …
What Is A Twentieth-Century Constitution?, Peter E. Quint
What Is A Twentieth-Century Constitution?, Peter E. Quint
Faculty Scholarship
At present, almost all of the constitutions in the world are twentieth-century constitutions; indeed, most of them were not adopted until the second half of the twentieth century. Accordingly, the eighteenth-century Constitution of the United States -- which includes the original constitution of 1787-89; the first ten amendments, adopted in 1791; and the Eleventh Amendment, adopted in 1798 -- antedates most other constitutions of the world by at least 150 years. Using the eighteenth-century Constitution of the United States as a form of base-line (a method that may be parochial, but one that I think also has a lot to …
"No Better Than They Deserve:" Dred Scott And Constitutional Democracy, Mark A. Graber
"No Better Than They Deserve:" Dred Scott And Constitutional Democracy, Mark A. Graber
Faculty Scholarship
No abstract provided.
Why Justice Scalia Should Be A Constitutional Comparativist ... Sometimes, David C. Gray
Why Justice Scalia Should Be A Constitutional Comparativist ... Sometimes, David C. Gray
Faculty Scholarship
The burgeoning literature on transjudicialism and constitutional comparativism generally reaffirms the familiar lines of contest between textualists and those more inclined to read the Constitution as a living document. As a consequence, it tends to be politicized, if not polemic. This article begins to shift the debate toward a more rigorous focus on first principles. In particular, it argues that full faith to the basic commitments of originalism, as advanced in Justice Scalia's writings, opinions, and speeches, requires domestic courts to consult contemporary foreign sources when interpreting universalist language found in the Constitution. While the article does not propose a …
Looking Off The Ball: Constitutional Law And American Politics, Mark A. Graber
Looking Off The Ball: Constitutional Law And American Politics, Mark A. Graber
Faculty Scholarship
“Looking Off the Ball” details how and why constitutional law influences both judicial and public decision making. Treating justices as free to express their partisan commitments may seem to explain Bush v. Gore*, but not the judicial failure to intervene in the other numerous presidential elections in which the candidate favored by most members of the Supreme Court lost. Constitutional norms and standards generate legal agreements among persons who dispute the underlying merits of particular policies under constitutional attack. The norms and standards explain constitutional criticism, why only a small proportion of the political questions that occupy Americans are normally …
False Modesty: Felix Frankfurter And The Tradition Of Judicial Restraint, Mark A. Graber
False Modesty: Felix Frankfurter And The Tradition Of Judicial Restraint, Mark A. Graber
Faculty Scholarship
Professor Jeffrey Rosen is the leading champion of judicial modesty among legal academics and public philosophers. Throughout his career, Professor Rosen has vigorously condemned justices “when they have tried to impose intensely contested visions of the Constitution on a divided nation.” This commentary on his Foulston lecture at Washburn Law School suggests that proponents of judicial restraint must avoid traps of false modesty which ensnared Justice Felix Frankfurter. The constitutional politics responsible for Poe v. Ullman and Barnette v. West Virginia State Board of Education challenge the too simple understanding of judicial unilateralism that Frankfurter advanced in his opinions in …
Aedpa's Wrecks: Comity, Finality, And Federalism, Lee B. Kovarsky
Aedpa's Wrecks: Comity, Finality, And Federalism, Lee B. Kovarsky
Faculty Scholarship
Over the last decade, federal courts have internalized the idea that interpretations of the Antiterrorism and Effective Death Penalty Act (AEDPA) should disfavor habeas relief. This Article explores the strange legislative history surrounding AEDPA's passage and the resulting problems in using 'comity, finality, and federalism' to express this interpretive mood. It demonstrates that such a simplistic reading of habeas reform is deeply misguided. Through the use of public choice and related models, the Article explores the roots of this interpretive problem. It ultimately rejects any attempt to characterize AEDPA by reference to legislative purpose.
The Constitution Outside The Constitution, Ernest A. Young
The Constitution Outside The Constitution, Ernest A. Young
Faculty Scholarship
Countries lacking a single canonical text define the “constitution” to include all laws that perform the constitutive functions of creating governmental institutions and conferring rights on individuals. The British Constitution, for example, includes a variety of constitutive statutes, such as the Magna Carta and the Parliament Acts. This Article proposes a thought experiment: what if we defined the U.S. Constitution by function, rather than by form? Viewed from this perspective, “the Constitution” would include not only the canonical document but also a variety of statutes, executive materials, and practices that structure our government. What these constitutive materials lack is a …
The Fifth Amendment And The Grand Jury, Sara Sun Beale, James E. Felman
The Fifth Amendment And The Grand Jury, Sara Sun Beale, James E. Felman
Faculty Scholarship
No abstract provided.
School Naming Rights And The First Amendment’S Perfect Storm, Joseph Blocher
School Naming Rights And The First Amendment’S Perfect Storm, Joseph Blocher
Faculty Scholarship
In the past five years, public schools across the country have begun to explore a new avenue of fundraising: selling naming rights to school facilities. The popularity and monetary value of these sales, however, only highlight the importance of the First Amendment concerns they raise. This Article uses school naming rights as a lens through which to examine the conflicts between government speech, commercial speech, and forum analysis, three categories of First Amendment analysis that are simultaneously and problematically implicated by school naming rights sales. Courts and scholars have long noted the internal ambiguities within these three categories, but have …
Introductory Remarks: The Relationship Of Law And Morality In Respect To Constitutional Law, William W. Van Alstyne
Introductory Remarks: The Relationship Of Law And Morality In Respect To Constitutional Law, William W. Van Alstyne
Faculty Scholarship
This article explores the consequences of a Constitution not entirely aligned with moral law. These remarks encourage all legal minds to acknowledge such gaps when they are found, although there are a variety of ways in which such acknowledgment may take shape.
Rediscovering Brandeis’S Right To Privacy, Erwin Chemerinsky
Rediscovering Brandeis’S Right To Privacy, Erwin Chemerinsky
Faculty Scholarship
No abstract provided.
Federal Suits And General Laws: A Comment On Judge Fletcher's Reading Of Sosa V. Alvarez-Marchain, Ernest A. Young
Federal Suits And General Laws: A Comment On Judge Fletcher's Reading Of Sosa V. Alvarez-Marchain, Ernest A. Young
Faculty Scholarship
No abstract provided.
Federalism And Accountability: State Attorneys General, Regulatory Litigation, And The New Federalism, Timothy Meyer
Federalism And Accountability: State Attorneys General, Regulatory Litigation, And The New Federalism, Timothy Meyer
Faculty Scholarship
No abstract provided.
The State-Created Danger Doctrine, Erwin Chemerinsky
The State-Created Danger Doctrine, Erwin Chemerinsky
Faculty Scholarship
No abstract provided.
A Constitutional Conundrum Of Second Amendment Commas: A Short Epistolary Report, William W. Van Alstyne
A Constitutional Conundrum Of Second Amendment Commas: A Short Epistolary Report, William W. Van Alstyne
Faculty Scholarship
Prompted by the court’s decision in Parker v. District of Columbia, this series of correspondence discusses the effect possible forms of punctuation may have on the Second Amendment. The article makes comments on the important grammars during the founding and also two possible writings of the Second Amendment that contain different sets of punctuation.
Truth Matters: A Call For The American Bar Association To Acknowledge Its Past And Make Reparations To African Descendants, Adjoa A. Aiyetoro
Truth Matters: A Call For The American Bar Association To Acknowledge Its Past And Make Reparations To African Descendants, Adjoa A. Aiyetoro
Faculty Scholarship
No abstract provided.
Ethical And Effective Representation In Arkansas Capital Trials, J. Thomas Sullivan
Ethical And Effective Representation In Arkansas Capital Trials, J. Thomas Sullivan
Faculty Scholarship
No abstract provided.
Mission Possible: Reciprocal Deference Between Domestic Regulatory Structures And The Wto, Elizabeth Trujillo
Mission Possible: Reciprocal Deference Between Domestic Regulatory Structures And The Wto, Elizabeth Trujillo
Faculty Scholarship
One of the goals of Article III of GATT is to invalidate domestic regulatory measures, including taxes and non-fiscal policies that amount to non-tariff barriers to trade (NTB) and therefore violate the principles of national treatment. While internal policies that directly discriminate between products based on nationality or origin are clearly in violation of national treatment principles, it is the facially neutral regulatory measures with protectionist and discriminatory effects that are more difficult to assess, even within transparent regulatory processes. However, with their emphasis on the likeness of the products in question, WTO panels run the risk of alienating member …
Presidential Powers Including Military Tribunals In The October 2005 Term, Erwin Chemerinsky
Presidential Powers Including Military Tribunals In The October 2005 Term, Erwin Chemerinsky
Faculty Scholarship
No abstract provided.