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Full-Text Articles in Law
Regulating Milk: Women And Cows In France, Mathilde Cohen
Regulating Milk: Women And Cows In France, Mathilde Cohen
Faculty Articles and Papers
Animal milk, most commonly cow’s milk, is one of the most heavily regulated commodities in both France and the United States. With the increasing popularity of breastfeeding and the possibility of pumping, freezing, and storing breast milk, a cottage industry has emerged for people wishing to buy, sell, or donate milk produced by humans. Yet the legal landscape for human milk remains inchoate, prompting public health officials and medical professionals to call for tighter regulation. Animal and human milk are typically viewed as two distinct substances with little in common beyond a name. In contrast, this Article highlights the analogies …
Constitutional Change And Wade's Ultimate Political Fact, Richard Kay
Constitutional Change And Wade's Ultimate Political Fact, Richard Kay
Faculty Articles and Papers
The doctrine of parliamentary sovereignty in the United Kingdom may be alive but it is not exactly well. Over the last 40 years, the notion that Parliament may make binding law on any question whatsoever has been buffeted by various political and judicial developments and attacked by numerous academic commentators.' Looking back, the 1950s might seem a sort of golden age of the doctrine. But the first line of Sir William Wade's great article, 'The Basis of Legal Sovereignty', published in 1955, declared that a recent judgment had 'turned the thoughts of many lawyers to the subject of legal sovereignty'. …
When Judges Have Reasons Not To Give Reasons - A Comparative Law Approach, Mathilde Cohen
When Judges Have Reasons Not To Give Reasons - A Comparative Law Approach, Mathilde Cohen
Faculty Articles and Papers
Influential theories of law have celebrated judicial reasongiving as furthering a host of democratic values, including judges' accountability, citizens'participation in adjudication, and a more accurate and transparent decision-making process. This Article has two main purposes. First, it argues that although reasongiving is important, it is often in tension with other values of the judicial process, such as guidance, sincerity, and efficiency. Reason-giving must, therefore, be balanced against these competing values. In other words, judges sometimes have reasons not to give reasons. Second, contrary to common intuition, common law and civil law systems deal with this tension between reasons for and …
Ex Ante Versus Ex Post Deliberations: Two Models Of Judicial Deliberations In Courts Of Last Resort, Mathilde Cohen
Ex Ante Versus Ex Post Deliberations: Two Models Of Judicial Deliberations In Courts Of Last Resort, Mathilde Cohen
Faculty Articles and Papers
This Article discusses supreme and constitutional courts’ internal organizational cultures, that is, the way in which justices organize their work and establish informal decision-making norms. Courts of last resort are often presented as exemplary deliberative institutions. The conference meeting, which convenes judges in quiet seclusion to debate, has been glorified as the most significant step in a court’s decision-making process. Based in part on qualitative empirical research, I argue, however, that French, American, and European Justices may not deliberate in the full sense that deliberative democrats have theorized. The Article distinguishes two types of high court deliberations, which I call …
Public Debt In The United States And Germany: A Constitutional Perspective, Stephen Utz
Public Debt In The United States And Germany: A Constitutional Perspective, Stephen Utz
Faculty Articles and Papers
No abstract provided.
Constituent Authority, Richard Kay
Constituent Authority, Richard Kay
Faculty Articles and Papers
The force of a constitution, like the force of all enacted law, derives, in significant part, from the circumstances of its enactment. Legal and political theory have long recognized the logical necessity of a “constituent power.” That recognition, however, tells us little about what is necessary for the successful enactment of an enduring constitution. Long term acceptance of a constitution requires a continuing regard for the process that brought it into being. There must be, that is, recognition of the “constituent authority” of the constitution-makers. This paper is a consideration of the idea of “constituent authority” drawing on a comparison …
Tax Neutrality, Stephen Utz
Tax Neutrality, Stephen Utz
Faculty Articles and Papers
Is tax neutrality an illusion? My honored friend Pierre Beltrame and his distinguished co-author Lucien Mehl once wrote: “[L]orsque le taux de l’impôt s’éléve, qu’il devient progressif, et que d’importantes masses monétaires sont redistribuées, le fait financier ne peut être neutre, stricto sensu, à l’égard, ni de l’ensemble de l’économie, ne de la répartition de revenu national” (Pierre Beltrame & Lucien Mehl, Techniques, Politiques et Institutions Fiscales Comparées, Presses Universitaires de France, Paris, 2d ed., 1997, p. 314). As they also observed, however, relative judgments of neutrality, judgments that purport to deal the neutrality of isolated elements of a tax …
Upping The Ante: Collective Litigation In Latin America, Ángel Oquendo
Upping The Ante: Collective Litigation In Latin America, Ángel Oquendo
Faculty Articles and Papers
This work contends that Latin America has launched a true revolution on collective rights: moving beyond the paradigm of group entitlements, which concern a determinate — though potentially enormous — collectivity, to that of diffuse entitlements, which generally pertain to society as a whole. Latin American jurisdictions have created innovative procedural mechanisms in this area: the collective writ of protection for the realization of group rights, the popular action for the civic vindication of diffuse entitlements, and the public civil action for the official enforcement of both kinds of rights. The U.S. legal order has much to learn from a …
The Solitude Of Latin America: The Struggle For Rights South Of The Border, Ángel Oquendo
The Solitude Of Latin America: The Struggle For Rights South Of The Border, Ángel Oquendo
Faculty Articles and Papers
The article focuses, comparatively, on remarkable recent developments in Latin America regarding the programmatic adjudication, procedural enforcement, and internationalization of fundamental entitlements. It applauds, first, the manner in which many Latin American courts have uncompromisingly enforced positive guaranties in the last decade or so. Secondly, it analyzes various widely available procedures for the vindication of rights, including the writ of protection or security, unconstitutionality actions, and collective suits. Thirdly, it studies the manner in which the interaction between domestic and transnational rights has become extremely intense in the region. Finally, it notes the tension between the realization of the juridical …
Building A Better Lawyer Discipline System: The Queensland Experience, Leslie Levin
Building A Better Lawyer Discipline System: The Queensland Experience, Leslie Levin
Faculty Articles and Papers
In many jurisdictions, lawyer-run discipline systems are inefficient, overly lenient and insufficiently responsive to consumer's concerns. Queensland's Legal Profession Act 2004 (Qld) breaks away from that model by moving lawyer discipline out of lawyers' professional associations and into an independent agency. It articulates a decidedly consumer-oriented approach to lawyer discipline and gives Queensland's new Legal Services Commissioner the power to investigate and prosecute all discipline complaints. This article looks at Queensland's recent reforms, and considers how well the new system is meeting its twin goals of consumer protection and traditional lawyer discipline. Using interviews and other data, the article identifies …
Ability To Pay, Stephen Utz
Ability To Pay, Stephen Utz
Faculty Articles and Papers
There is broad agreement that a fair tax should be imposed in accordance with taxpayers' ability to pay. A utility-based interpretation of this standard, used in most tax policy discussions today, does not adequately reflect the its historical development and cannot escape long standing and devastating criticisms from within welfare economics and on other general grounds. This article traces the history of ability to pay, with special reference to the standard's emergence along with the British and German income tax laws, and in the theoretical literature that followed the adoption of income tax laws there and elsewhere. The article concludes …
Asserting Human Rights Against Multinational Corporations Under United States Law: Conceptual And Procedural Problems, Phillip Blumberg
Asserting Human Rights Against Multinational Corporations Under United States Law: Conceptual And Procedural Problems, Phillip Blumberg
Faculty Articles and Papers
No abstract provided.
William Iii And The Legalist Revolution, Richard Kay
William Iii And The Legalist Revolution, Richard Kay
Faculty Articles and Papers
A symposium dedicated to the paradoxical idea of rebellious leadership, therefore, is a particularly apt way to honor Dean Macgill's tenure. This phrase also captures a notion that is especially fruitful when applied to basic questions of constitutional structure and political value. Every legal system rests, at the end, on a set of political assumptions. Every instance of law, that is, is ultimately supported by something that is not law. When, as inevitably happens, there develops a fundamental disharmony between the artifacts of law and the political values of a society the law will have to give way. When this …
Corruption And Legitimation Crises In Latin America, Ángel Oquendo
Corruption And Legitimation Crises In Latin America, Ángel Oquendo
Faculty Articles and Papers
No abstract provided.
The Comparative And The Critical Perspective In International Agreements, Ángel Oquendo
The Comparative And The Critical Perspective In International Agreements, Ángel Oquendo
Faculty Articles and Papers
No abstract provided.
Nafta's Procedural Narrow-Mindedness: The Panel Review Of Antidumping And Countervailing Duty Determinations Under Chapter Nineteen, Ángel Oquendo
Nafta's Procedural Narrow-Mindedness: The Panel Review Of Antidumping And Countervailing Duty Determinations Under Chapter Nineteen, Ángel Oquendo
Faculty Articles and Papers
No abstract provided.
Some Comparative Remarks About The Efficacy Of International And Constitutional Law, Mark Weston Janis
Some Comparative Remarks About The Efficacy Of International And Constitutional Law, Mark Weston Janis
Faculty Articles and Papers
No abstract provided.
The Canadian Constitution And The Dangers Of Establishment, Richard Kay
The Canadian Constitution And The Dangers Of Establishment, Richard Kay
Faculty Articles and Papers
No abstract provided.
Comparative Constitutional Fundamentals, Richard Kay
Comparative Constitutional Fundamentals, Richard Kay
Faculty Articles and Papers
No abstract provided.
Tax Aspects Of Doing Business With The People’S Republic Of China, Richard Pomp, Timothy A. Gelatt
Tax Aspects Of Doing Business With The People’S Republic Of China, Richard Pomp, Timothy A. Gelatt
Faculty Articles and Papers
Before 1979, the People’s Republic of China did not have a logical system of taxing foreign business. That summer, a few selected American tax professors met with Chinese tax officials to explain the complexities of source rules, foreign tax credits, and tax treaties. That gave Chinese officials a detailed knowledge of intricate tax issues, and they have used this knowledge to develop China’s new tax system. Since 1979, China’s tax structure has conformed to generally accepted international structures with the adoption of three important taxes affecting foreign business activity. At first, China’s statutes and regulations did not clearly explain the …
The Creation Of Constitutions In Canada And The United States, Richard Kay
The Creation Of Constitutions In Canada And The United States, Richard Kay
Faculty Articles and Papers
No abstract provided.
Legal And Moral Duty In Game Theory: Common Law Contract And Chinese Analogies, Robert Birmingham
Legal And Moral Duty In Game Theory: Common Law Contract And Chinese Analogies, Robert Birmingham
Faculty Articles and Papers
No abstract provided.