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Civil Rights and Discrimination

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William & Mary Journal of Race, Gender, and Social Justice

Civil Rights

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An Unfulfilled Promise: Section 1557'S Failure To Effectively Confront Discrimination In Healthcare, Majesta-Doré Legnini Feb 2022

An Unfulfilled Promise: Section 1557'S Failure To Effectively Confront Discrimination In Healthcare, Majesta-Doré Legnini

William & Mary Journal of Race, Gender, and Social Justice

When the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act passed, it offered a broad promise to provide access to quality care on a nondiscriminatory basis. To achieve nondiscrimination, Congress included Section 1557, which integrated the nondiscrimination protections granted under Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, Title IX of the Education Amendments, Section 504, and the Age Discrimination Act. The language of the statute has proved that the section cannot achieve its broad promise. Covering only intentional discrimination and usually interpreted to divide the standard so that intersectional discrimination cannot be redressed, Section 1557 fails to address discrimination in …


Section 1983 & Qualified Immunity: Qualifying The Death Of Due Process And America's Most Vulnerable Classes Since 1871. Can It Be Fixed?, Gabrielle Pelura Jul 2020

Section 1983 & Qualified Immunity: Qualifying The Death Of Due Process And America's Most Vulnerable Classes Since 1871. Can It Be Fixed?, Gabrielle Pelura

William & Mary Journal of Race, Gender, and Social Justice

No abstract provided.


The First Amendment And The Roots Of Lgbt Rights Law: Censorship In The Early Homophile Era, 1958-1962, Jason M. Shepard Jul 2020

The First Amendment And The Roots Of Lgbt Rights Law: Censorship In The Early Homophile Era, 1958-1962, Jason M. Shepard

William & Mary Journal of Race, Gender, and Social Justice

Long before substantive due process and equal protection extended constitutional rights to homosexuals under the Fourteenth Amendment, in three landmark decisions by the Supreme Court of the United States, First Amendment law was both a weapon and shield in the expansion of LGBT rights. This Article examines constitutional law and “gaylaw” from the perspective of its beginning, through case studies of One, Inc. v. Olesen (1958), Sunshine Book Co. v. Summerfield (1958), and Manual Enterprises, Inc. v. Day (1962). In protecting free press rights of sexual minorities to use the U.S. mail for mass communications, the Warren Court’s liberalization of …


Married On Sunday, Fired On Monday: Approaches To Federal Lgbt Civil Rights Protections, Lisa Bornstein, Megan Bench Nov 2015

Married On Sunday, Fired On Monday: Approaches To Federal Lgbt Civil Rights Protections, Lisa Bornstein, Megan Bench

William & Mary Journal of Race, Gender, and Social Justice

No abstract provided.


Allyship To The Intersex Community On Cosmetic, Non-Consensual Genital "Normalizing" Surgery, Robert Hupf Nov 2015

Allyship To The Intersex Community On Cosmetic, Non-Consensual Genital "Normalizing" Surgery, Robert Hupf

William & Mary Journal of Race, Gender, and Social Justice

No abstract provided.


Unhappy Meals: Sex Discrimination In Toy Choice At Mcdonald’S, Ian Ayres, Antonia Rose Ayres-Brown Feb 2015

Unhappy Meals: Sex Discrimination In Toy Choice At Mcdonald’S, Ian Ayres, Antonia Rose Ayres-Brown

William & Mary Journal of Race, Gender, and Social Justice

This Essay reports on a commonplace form of sex discrimination that we unsuccessfully challenged in a lawsuit before the Connecticut Human Rights Commission. In a small-scale pilot study that we conducted 5 years ago (which was the basis of our initial complaint) and in a follow-up study conducted in 2013, we found that McDonald’s franchises, instead of asking drive-through customers ordering a Happy Meal about their toy preference, asked the customer for the sex of the customer’s child (“Is it for a boy or a girl?”) and then gave different types of toys for each sex. Moreover, our 2013 visits …


Why Gays Should Not Serve In The United States Armed Forces: A Gay Liberationist Statement Of Principle, Shannon Gilreath Dec 2011

Why Gays Should Not Serve In The United States Armed Forces: A Gay Liberationist Statement Of Principle, Shannon Gilreath

William & Mary Journal of Race, Gender, and Social Justice

No abstract provided.


"Better Dead Than Co-Ed"? Transgender Students At An All-Women's College, Laura Minsun Brymer Dec 2011

"Better Dead Than Co-Ed"? Transgender Students At An All-Women's College, Laura Minsun Brymer

William & Mary Journal of Race, Gender, and Social Justice

No abstract provided.


Tumbling Towers As Turning Points: Will 9/11 Usher In A New Civil Rights Era For Gay Men And Lesbians In The United States?, Susan J. Becker Feb 2003

Tumbling Towers As Turning Points: Will 9/11 Usher In A New Civil Rights Era For Gay Men And Lesbians In The United States?, Susan J. Becker

William & Mary Journal of Race, Gender, and Social Justice

No abstract provided.


Introduction To The Symposium, (De)Constructing Sex: Transgenderism, Intersexuality, Gender Identity And The Law, Jane Allison Sitton Oct 2000

Introduction To The Symposium, (De)Constructing Sex: Transgenderism, Intersexuality, Gender Identity And The Law, Jane Allison Sitton

William & Mary Journal of Race, Gender, and Social Justice

No abstract provided.