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- Corporate death penalty; financial crisis; financial institutions; financial services; financial industry; banks; regulation; prosecution; fraud; fraud prevention; mortgages; securities; Wall Street (1)
- Cryptocurrency; Bitcoin; Secured Transactions; Uniform Commercial Code; UCC; Article 12; Article 9; Wyoming; SEC; Securities Exchange Commission; Digital Assets; Controllable Electronic Records; Perfection; Securities; Commodities; (1)
- Fair housing; housing; discrimination; foreclosure; homeownership; real estate owned (REOs); maintenance (1)
- Finance; Startups; Innovation; Entrepreneurship; Intellectual Property; Banking; Tech (1)
- Home Affordable Modification Program; HAMP; trial period plan; TPP; mortgage crisis; mortgages; homeowner; foreclosure; banks; financial institutions; recession; claim; housing crisis (1)
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- Large banks; Bank of America; settlement; JPMorgan; Chase; Wells Fargo; Goldman Sachs; Citigroup; too big to jail; white collar crime; financial crisis; regulations; regulatory model; regulators; Securities & Exchange Commission; SEC; Department of Justice; DOJ; Commodity Futures Trading; CFTC; Federal Reserve Board; the Fed; prosecution; executives; financial services; fines; Wall Street (1)
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- Whistleblowers; Enron; Sarbanes-Oxley; Retaliatory Intent; Contributing Factor (1)
Articles 1 - 11 of 11
Full-Text Articles in Law
Emerging Technologies And Perfection Of Security Interests: A Financial University Of Uncertainty, Elizabeth M. Wagenbach
Emerging Technologies And Perfection Of Security Interests: A Financial University Of Uncertainty, Elizabeth M. Wagenbach
Brooklyn Law Review
Since the founding of Bitcoin in 2009, digital assets, such as cryptocurrency, have exploded in popularity. Cryptocurrency has been associated with stories of immense profit and immense loss. The lucky transactors have been able to capitalize on the price fluctuations of cryptocurrency, while the unlucky transactors became victims of the same volatility, losing tremendous amounts of money. The novelty and ingenuity of cryptocurrency has been coupled with mass confusion to transactors and regulators alike. These early days of cryptocurrency have been characterized by a sort of regulatory tug of war that is a direct result of confusion of what cryptocurrency …
Reimagining Financial Whistleblower Protection: A Proposal For Stronger Protection Under The Sarbanes-Oxley Act, Matthew J. Gilligan
Reimagining Financial Whistleblower Protection: A Proposal For Stronger Protection Under The Sarbanes-Oxley Act, Matthew J. Gilligan
Brooklyn Law Review
Whistleblowers occupy a unique place in American society. They operate in nearly every sphere of modern life, exposing unlawful conduct by financial institutions, technology companies, and government entities, just to name a few. When whistleblowers encounter retaliatory behavior, they are faced with an uphill battle to hold their employer accountable. This note discusses the circuit split regarding whistleblower protections under the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, which was recently granted cert by the US Supreme Court. Until recently, no circuit required whistleblowers suing their employers for engaging in retaliatory behavior to show that the employer acted with retaliatory intent. The Second Circuit broke …
Racial Pay Equity In “White” Collar Workplaces, Nantiya Ruan
Racial Pay Equity In “White” Collar Workplaces, Nantiya Ruan
Brooklyn Law Review
The racial pay gap in the US is staggering. Wealth disparities between Black, Latinx, and white households reflect the compound negative effects of discrimination, inequality, and lack of opportunities experienced by communities of color. One understudied way to address racial pay equity and the wealth gap is to examine how to widen career paths of high-paying, stable careers for people of color. Career paths are not equal. Some jobs are dead-end, minimum wage-paying, with little to no hope of promotion into a salary that catapults an earner into the next socioeconomic class. Others have growth potential, comfortable wages, and important …
How Discretionary Decision-Making Impacts The Financial Performance And Legal Disclosures Of S&P 500 Funds, Bernard S. Sharfman, Vincent Deluard
How Discretionary Decision-Making Impacts The Financial Performance And Legal Disclosures Of S&P 500 Funds, Bernard S. Sharfman, Vincent Deluard
Brooklyn Law Review
When investment funds track the S&P 500, the index becomes more than just a list of 500 companies. The focus then becomes the financial and regulatory issues that arise from the discretionary decision-making power of the Index Committee that governs the S&P 500. Based on our empirical research and analysis, this article recommends a new principal risk disclosure under SEC Form N-1A, which we refer to as “selection risk,” to be included in the statutory and summary prospectuses of investment funds that track the S&P 500. This type of risk results when the Index Committee uses its discretionary decision-making power …
A True Sense Of Security: How Kirschner V. J.P. Morgan Chase Illustrates The Failings Of The Reves Family-Resemblance Test And The Need To Recognize Some Syndicated Loans As Securities For The Sake Of The Financial System, Aidan D. Mulry
Brooklyn Law Review
Following the 2008 financial crisis, Congress implemented a number of reforms aimed at ensuring that such a man-made disaster—fueled by greed and willful ignorance—is not permitted to happen again. On the surface, these reforms appear to be a success; however, under the surface, there is currently a capital market that is effectively ignored, not only by the reforms passed in the wake of the financial crisis, but by virtually all securities regulation. This capital market, which revolves around so-called syndicated loans, is estimated to be larger than the subprime-mortgage collateralized debt obligations market was at its apex, and yet it …
Avoiding Wasteful Competition: Why Trading On Inside Information Should Be Illegal, Michael D. Guttentag
Avoiding Wasteful Competition: Why Trading On Inside Information Should Be Illegal, Michael D. Guttentag
Brooklyn Law Review
This article offers a new and compelling reason to make all trading based on inside information illegal. The value realized by trading on inside information is unusual in two respects. First, inside information is produced at little or no incremental cost and is nevertheless quite valuable. Second, profits made from trading on inside information come largely at the expense of others. When the value of something exceeds the cost to produce it, a wasteful race to be the first to capture the resulting surplus is likely to ensue. Similarly, resources expended solely to take something of value from others are …
Lending Innovations, Xuan-Thao Nguyen
Lending Innovations, Xuan-Thao Nguyen
Brooklyn Law Review
This article is about innovations. Startups and their founders in the innovation intensive sectors cannot reach their dreams without financing. They cannot turn to banks for loans. Banks, from community to commercial banks, shun startups due to antiquated banking law, business model and high risks associated with tech lending. But there are outlier banks who disrupt the banking business model with lending innovation, fueling startups with loans that allow tech innovations to occur from Silicon Valley to Route 128 of the northeast corridor, and from Shanghai, China to Herzliya, Israel. With qualitative and quantitative patent data, this article demonstrates how …
Things Fall Apart (Next Door): Discriminatory Maintenance And Decreased Home Values As The Next Fair Housing Battleground, Michelle Y. Ewert
Things Fall Apart (Next Door): Discriminatory Maintenance And Decreased Home Values As The Next Fair Housing Battleground, Michelle Y. Ewert
Brooklyn Law Review
Banks that once preyed on communities of color through predatory lending now drive property values down by failing to adequately maintain foreclosed properties they own in those neighborhoods. Declining home values are especially destructive in communities of color because the family home is often a household’s most significant asset and, thus, the key to accumulating wealth and creating opportunity. This article argues that neighboring homeowners whose property values have declined as a result of banks’ discriminatory maintenance of foreclosed properties have standing to sue those banks under the Fair Housing Act (FHA). This article explores historic barriers to homeownership in …
The End Of The Home Affordable Modification Program And The Start Of A New Problem, Christopher K. Whelan
The End Of The Home Affordable Modification Program And The Start Of A New Problem, Christopher K. Whelan
Brooklyn Law Review
The mortgage crisis hit the United States hard, leaving millions of homeowners facing hardship and foreclosure. One of many programs enacted during the mortgage crisis was the Home Affordable Modification Program (HAMP). The Obama Administration set out to assist three to four million struggling homeowners in modifying their mortgages and avoiding foreclosure. This note examines HAMP, focusing on the years of litigation that shaped HAMP, giving life to a program that was built on a foundation ready to crack. HAMP provided homeowners with modified mortgage payments, typically beginning with a trial period plan. Once completed, homeowners were routinely denied, resulting …
Regulating The “Too Big To Jail” Financial Institutions, Jerry W. Markham
Regulating The “Too Big To Jail” Financial Institutions, Jerry W. Markham
Brooklyn Law Review
This article addresses the “too big to jail” regulatory model in which large banks pay hundreds of billions of dollars to settle multiple and duplicative regulatory charges brought by a horde of state, federal, and even foreign regulators. The banks pay those massive settlements in order to keep their banking charters and to obtain immunity from prosecution for senior executives. In turn, regulators benefit from the headlines these fines generate. Much criticism has been directed at these settlements because the banks are allowed to continue business as usual and no senior executives are jailed. Other critics contend that these settlements …
Opacity, Fragility, & Power: Lessons From The Law Enforcement Response To The Financial Crisis, Gregory M. Gilchrist
Opacity, Fragility, & Power: Lessons From The Law Enforcement Response To The Financial Crisis, Gregory M. Gilchrist
Brooklyn Law Review
Review of Mary Kreiner Ramirez and Steven A. Ramirez, THE CARE FOR THE CORPORATE DEATH PENALTY: RESTORING LAW AND ORDER ON WALL STREET (New York 2017) The Case for the Corporate Death Penalty, by Mary Kreiner Ramirez and Steven A. Ramirez, argues that the limited law enforcement response to the 2008 financial crisis represented an unprecedented failure of the rule of law. It further maintains that the weak response by law enforcement was caused by the economic and political power of the largest financial institutions and those who run them. It concludes that the failure to vigorously prosecute the people …