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Full-Text Articles in Law
Compensation For Expropriations In A World Of Investment Treaties: Beyond The Lawful/Unlawful Distinction, Steven Ratner
Compensation For Expropriations In A World Of Investment Treaties: Beyond The Lawful/Unlawful Distinction, Steven Ratner
Law & Economics Working Papers
When a state expropriates a foreign investment in violation of a bilateral or other treaty on investment protection and a foreign investor sues, where should a tribunal look for the standard of compensation -- to the amount specified in the treaty, to an external standard for violations of internationally law generally, or elsewhere? Investor-state tribunals have offered wildly different answers to this question, trapped in a paradigm set by the Permanent Court of International Justice ninety years ago that distinguishes between so-called lawful and unlawful expropriations. This article evaluates and criticizes the caselaw of tribunals and proposes a new framework …
Minority And Women Entrepreneurs: Building Capital, Networks, And Skills, Michael S. Barr
Minority And Women Entrepreneurs: Building Capital, Networks, And Skills, Michael S. Barr
Other Publications
The United States has an enviable entrepreneurial culture and a track record of building new companies. Yet new and small business owners often face particular challenges, including lack of access to capital, insufficient business networks for peer support, investment, and business opportunities, and the absence of the full range of essential skills necessary to lead a business to survive and grow. Women and minority entrepreneurs often face even greater obstacles. While business formation is, of course, primarily a matter for the private sector, public policy can and should encourage increased rates of entrepreneurship, and the capital, networks, and skills essential …
A Vision For Scaling Microfinance: More Than Dollars And Smarts, Deborah Burand
A Vision For Scaling Microfinance: More Than Dollars And Smarts, Deborah Burand
Book Chapters
The following is a stock-taking of some of the key initiatives that have taken place to date in the world of microfinance at building an international financial architecture that attracts and retains flows of commercial capital to microfinance. It also is a call to those of us in the microfinance world to do much, much more.
Policies To Expand Minority Entrepreneurship: Closing Comments, Michael S. Barr
Policies To Expand Minority Entrepreneurship: Closing Comments, Michael S. Barr
Book Chapters
This essay is based on comments delivered at the Conference on on Entrepreneurship in Low- and Moderate-Income Communities, November 3-4, 2005. This has been a productive conversation. In my closing comments, I want to shift our focus somewhat, from entrepreneurship in low-income communities to minority entrepreneurship generally. I want to do so because many minority entrepreneurs are connected to or hire from low-income communities, and because minority entrepreneurs face critical barriers even when they attempt to create and grow firms outside of distressed communities. In this comment, I want to highlight key barriers and suggest five steps for Congress, the …