Law Commons^™

Maritime Security And The Blue Economy: Intersections And Interdependencies In The Indian Ocean, Michelle A. Voyer, Clive H. Schofield, Kamal Azmi, Robin M. Warner, Alistair Mcilgorm, Genevieve Quirk

Faculty of Law, Humanities and the Arts - Papers (Archive)

Maritime security is essential to supporting the Blue Economy. Many maritime security forums have been key supporters of the Blue Economy concept, particularly in the Indian Ocean region (IOR). This paper will explore the co-evolution and co-dependence of Blue Economy and maritime security agendas, with a particular focus on the IOR. It identifies two primary interactions between Blue Economy and maritime security interests. Firstly, maritime security is an enabler of the Blue Economy, for example, through safeguarding navigation routes, providing important oceanographic data to marine industries and protecting rights over valuable marine resources and activities within claimed zones of maritime …

Bridging Troubled Waters: China, Japan, And Maritime Order In The East China Sea. By James Manicom. Washington, D.C.: Georgetown University Press, 2014. Softcover: 266pp., Lowell Bautista

Faculty of Law, Humanities and the Arts - Papers (Archive)

In this book, James Manicom contests the orthodox view that the strategic rivalry between China and Japan will escalate into a fullblown military conflict. The book concedes that the East China Sea will be the likely medium for Sino–Japanese military rivalry and cyclical tensions will persist; however, it makes the compelling case that cooperation will endure.

Greenhouse Gas Emissions From International Shipping: The Response From China's Shipping Industry To The Regulatory Iinitiatives Of The International Maritime Organization, Yubing Shi

Faculty of Law, Humanities and the Arts - Papers (Archive)

The International Maritime Organization (IMO) received its mandate to regulate shipping greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from the Kyoto Protocol. However, the IMO Convention and the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea also provide it with competence in this area. In exercising its mandate, the IMO has developed regulatory initiatives. China’s shipping industry is playing a growing role in the international shipping market, and its response to these initiatives will have a substantial effect on the future application of these regulations. This article analyses the GHG mandate of the IMO, examines the main outcomes achieved within the organization on …

A Priceless Maritime Heritage, Mohd Hazmi Bin Mohd Rusli, Rahmat Mohamad

Faculty of Law, Humanities and the Arts - Papers (Archive)

THE Straits of Malacca and Singapore Strait have been vital shipping routes for international trade for hundreds of years. The region around the Straits of Malacca and Singapore Strait is steeped in a long and continuous history of trade, shipping, colonisation and the race towards attaining political and economic supremacy, both before and during the age of European dominion.

The Straits of Malacca was initially known as the “Sea of Malayu”. The first reference to the “Sea of Malayu” was from an Arabic document dating back to the 9th century AD, noting the Malay influence in the region. Both the …

Dispute Settlement In The Law Of The Sea Convention And Territorial And Maritime Disputes In Southeast Asia: Issues, Opportunities, And Challenges, Lowell Bautista

Faculty of Law, Humanities and the Arts - Papers (Archive)

The 1982 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (LOSC) provides for a dispute settlement regime that establishes a compulsory and binding framework for the peaceful settlement of all ocean-related disputes. In Southeast Asia, despite the long-standing myriad of territorial and maritime disputes, there appears to be a general reluctance to utilize the dispute settlement provisions of LOSC. The region has very little experience in international litigation involving territorial and maritime disputes, and a reluctance to utilize the dispute settlement provisions of LOSC.While the LOSC legal framework offers some options, the highly complicated nature of the disputes in …

Southeast Asia's Maritime Piracy: Challenges, Legal Instruments And A Way Forward, Ahmad Amri

Faculty of Law, Humanities and the Arts - Papers (Archive)

Piracy is considered a critical maritime security threat in Southeast Asia. Whilst piracy has always been a perennial problem in the region, this threat has received increasing attention over the past few years. Reports published by the International Maritime Organization as well as the International Maritime Bureau show an alarming increase in acts of piracy on Southeast Asian waters over the past decade. In ancient times, the main drivers of piracy were raiding for plunder and capture of slaves; however, in modern times, developments in politics, economics and even military technology have drastically altered the universal crime of piracy. There …

Book Review: Limits Of Maritime Jurisdiction By Schofield, Lee And Kwon (Eds.), Lowell Bautista

Faculty of Law, Humanities and the Arts - Papers (Archive)

There has been no shortage of books written on vital aspects of oceans law and policy. But there are few with the breadth and diversity of coverage, written by the most prominent law of the sea scholars and practitioners assembled in a single volume, such as in The Limits of Maritime Jurisdiction. The appeal of this book is undeniable: it is authoritative and scholarly yet accessible and refreshingly practical both to the seasoned scholar and the practitioner, dealing with important contemporary law of the sea issues from an enduring, intellectually robust and critical perspective.

Maritime Outlaws, Rowan Cahill

Faculty of Law, Humanities and the Arts - Papers (Archive)

For thirty-odd years, American historian Marcus Rediker (University of Pittsburgh) has been writing about the sea, deep-sea sailing ships, seafaring proletariats, and seafaring rebels, during the seventeenth through to the early nineteenth centuries. Internationally, his landmark study of sailors, mutineers, and pirates, Between the Devil and the Deep Blue Sea (1987), is widely acknowledged as a major ‘history from below’, that genre of historical writing dealing with people traditionally written out of ruling class histories which glorify and enshrine the wealthy, the propertied, and the interests of the state.

Erecting Malaysia's Maritime Fence Over The Straits Of Malacca And Singapore, Mohd Hazmi Bin Mohd Rusli, Abdul Ghafur Hamid Khin Maung Sein, Wan Izatul Asma Binti Wan Talaat, Maizatun Binti Mustafa

Faculty of Law, Humanities and the Arts - Papers (Archive)

Malaysia shares the Straits of Malacca and Singapore with Indonesia, Singapore and briefly, with Thailand. Before colonial times, there were no proper maritime boundary delimitation within the Straits of Malacca and Singapore. The Anglo-Dutch Treaty of 1824 has divided the Straits of Malacca and Singapore into two spheres of dominions, which later on became the basis of modern territories of Malaysia, Indonesia and Singapore. Since independence in 1957, Malaysia has been working closely with Thailand, Indonesia and Singapore to properly demarcate maritime boundary lines in the Straits of Malacca and Singapore. Nevertheless, there are still unresolved issues between these littoral …

Combating Maritime Piracy In Southeast Asia From International And Regional Legal Perspectives: Challenges And Prospects, Ahmad Amri

Faculty of Law, Humanities and the Arts - Papers (Archive)

Piracy is considered a critical maritime security threat in Southeast Asia. Whilst piracy has always been a perennial problem in the region, this threat has received increasing attention in the region over the past few years. Reports published by the International Maritime Organisation as well as the International Maritime Bureau show an alarming increase in acts of piracy on Southeast Asian waters over the past decade. In ancients times, the main drivers of piracy were raiding for plunder and capture of slaves; however, in modern times, developments in politics, economics and even military technology have drastically altered the universal crime …

One Step Forwards, Two Steps Back? Progress And Challenges In The Delimitation Of Maritime Boundaries Since The Drafting Of The United Nations Convention On The Law Of The Sea, Clive Schofield

Faculty of Law, Humanities and the Arts - Papers (Archive)

The provisions of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea dealing with the delimitation of maritime boundaries are limited and open to varied interpretation. Nevertheless, the advent of the Convention had a significant impact on ocean boundary making. Subsequent developments have also arguably led to a clearer approach to maritime boundary delimitation. These evolutions are traced and contemporary challenges highlighted

Holding Back The Waves? Sea Level Rise And Maritime Claims, Clive Schofield

Faculty of Law, Humanities and the Arts - Papers (Archive)

Sea level rise has the potential to influence the location of baselines along the coast from which claims to maritime jurisdiction are made. Accordingly, sea level rise may have adverse impacts on the extent of national maritime claims. This article provides a brief discussion of sea level rise before exploring the link between potentially variable baselines and the outer limits to maritime claims. Options to address these challenges are then discussed.

Options To Protect Coastlines And Secure Maritime Jurisdictional Claims In The Face Of Global Sea Level Rise, Clive Schofield, David Freestone

Faculty of Law, Humanities and the Arts - Papers (Archive)

It is now widely accepted that significant sea level rise is taking place and that this phenomenon is likely to accelerate in the future. This poses potentially disastrous implications for many coastal States, especially those with large and heavily populated low-lying coastal areas, as well as small low-lying island States. In addition to the essentially terrestrial, inward-looking threat posed to low-lying coastal areas and their associated populations from inundation by rising seas, threats also exist looking outward from the land to the ocean spaces adjacent to such threatened territories. In particular, sea level rise has the potential to significantly affect …

Increasingly Contested Waters? Conflicting Maritime Claims In The South China Sea, Clive Schofield

Faculty of Law, Humanities and the Arts - Papers (Archive)

The South China Sea is host to a complex coastal geography, numerous sovereignty disputes over islands featuring multiple claimants, excessive and controversial claims to baselines, confl icting and overlapping claims to maritime jurisdiction and, most recently, contested submissions regarding extended continental shelf rights. The objective of this paper is to review and analyse these issues from spatial, legal and geopolitical perspectives. An overview and assessment of the geographical and geopolitical factors that inform and underlie the South China Sea disputes is offered prior to the claims of the littoral states to baselines and maritime zones being assessed. Maritime boundary agreements …

Maritime Security Issues In An Arc Of Instability And Opportunity, Walter S. Bateman, Quentin A. Hanich

Faculty of Law, Humanities and the Arts - Papers (Archive)

The Pacific Arc of islands and archipelagos to the north and east of Australia has been characterised both as an ‗arc of instability' and as an ‗arc of opportunity'. It is the region from or through which a threat to Australia could most easily be posed, as well as an area providing opportunities for Australia to work on common interests with the ultimate objective of a more secure and stable region. Maritime issues are prominent among these common interests. This article identifies these issues and their relevance to Australia's maritime strategy. It suggests measures Australia might take to exploit the …

The Challenge Of Reducing Greenhouse Gas Emissions From International Shipping: Assessing The International Maritime Organization's Regulatory Response, Yubing Shi

Faculty of Law, Humanities and the Arts - Papers (Archive)

As a comparatively cost effective, clean, and safe method of transportation, international shipping offers an important means of moving goods internationally and enables other activities such as leisure cruising.1 Many factors contribute to the development of international shipping. As an example, the evolution of ship propulsion has progressed from sailing ships to steam ships powered by coal and then to an almost universal use of diesel engines, significantly accelerating international trade.2 Similarly, advances in telecommunication and information and communications technology infrastructure, reductions in trade barriers, and low energy costs have also contributed to the expansion of international shipping and seaborne …

Parting The Waves: Claims To Maritime Jurisdiction And The Division Of Ocean Space, Clive H. Schofield

Faculty of Law, Humanities and the Arts - Papers (Archive)

This article casts aside traditional obsessions and examines the development and present state of coastal State claims to maritime jurisdiction, the overlapping claims to maritime space that have inevitably resulted from the significant extension of maritime claims in recent decades, and thus the delimitation of maritime boundaries.

Imaginary Islands?: Options To Preserve Maritime Jurisdictional Entitlements And Provide Stable Maritime Limits In The Face Of Coastal Instability, Clive Schofield, I Made Andi Arsana

Faculty of Law, Humanities and the Arts - Papers (Archive)

The inundation of a disputed island in the Bay of Bengal in March 2010 was reported as an unlooked for benefit of climate change, eliminating the object of a contentious bilateral dispute. In fact this has not proved to be the case and the incident instead highlights the vulnerability of certain low-lying coastlines and insular features to significant and rapid changes in location, whether caused by sea level rise or not. While acknowledging ongoing debates on climate change and sea level rise, the paper examines key challenges in this context, notably concerning the ambulatory nature of normal baselines and the …

The Delimitation Of Maritime Boundaries Of The Pacific Island States, Clive H. Schofield

Faculty of Law, Humanities and the Arts - Papers (Archive)

The Pacific island States possess limited land territory but enormous maritime entitlements. Claims to maritime jurisdiction out to 200 nautical miles offshore, and in some cases the existence of continental shelf rights extending beyond the 200 mile limit, have resulted in overlapping claims and the creation of numerous “new” international maritime boundaries. The majority of these potential maritime boundaries both among the Pacific island States and between the Pacific island States and their maritime neighbours have yet to be delimited. The paper outlines relevant claims to maritime jurisdiction including recent submissions regarding outer continental shelf limits, explores how maritime boundaries …

Against A Rising Tide: Ambulatory Baselines And Shifting Maritime Limits In The Face Of Sea Level Rise, Clive H. Schofield

Faculty of Law, Humanities and the Arts - Papers (Archive)

This paper addresses a critical issue for many coastal States: rising global sea levels. While the causes of climate change still excite controversy and debate, it is now widely accepted that significant sea level rise is taking place and that this trend appears likely to accelerate in the future. This phenomenon raises a number of important challenges for coastal and island States. Among these threats is the likely impact of rising sea levels on national claims to maritime jurisdiction. Significant changes to coastlines and therefore baselines and the potential submergence of key basepoints may potentially lead to the loss of …

Lessons Learned From The Gulf Of Maine Case: The Development Of Maritime Boundary Delimitation Jurisprudence Since Unclos Iii, Stuart B. Kaye

Faculty of Law, Humanities and the Arts - Papers (Archive)

The Chamber of the International Court of Justice (ICJ) delivered its judgment on the location of the maritime boundary between Canada and the United States in the Gulf of Maine, on October 12, 1984. Less than two years before, after many years consideration, and an almost complete failure of consensus during the Third United Nations Conference on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS III),1 the international community adopted the text of Articles 74 and 83 of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea.2 These two almost identically-worded articles provided the formula for delimiting the maritime boundaries between …

Protecting Australia's Maritime Borders: The Mv Tampa And Beyond, Ben M. Tsamenyi, Christopher Rahman

Faculty of Law, Humanities and the Arts - Papers (Archive)

The protection of Australia's maritime borders and sovereign interests at sea has, in recent times, increasingly become a leading national security issue. The arrangements for surveillance and enforcement in Australia's maritime zones have seemingly been in almost constant review in what has become a highly politicised issue. Furthermore, the increased incidence of seaborne illegal migration attempts in late 2001, together with the events of 11 September of that year has focused public, as well as official, attention upon all aspects of what has come to be known as "homeland security." Homeland security is a complex issue, and the problems associated …

Conclusion: Maritime Border Protection After The Tampa And 9/11, Anthony Bergin, Ben M. Tsamenyi, Christopher Rahman

Faculty of Law, Humanities and the Arts - Papers (Archive)

The objective of these proceedings has been to review current arrangements for national maritime border protection and to canvass some fresh approaches. The book (and preceding conference) have been designed to avoid getting bogged down in any great detail on sectoral issues, instead taking a more holistic view of the overall maritime border protection regime. The issue is timely in view of the public and political interest in developments regarding maritime security and border protection following the controversy surrounding the MV Tampa incident of August 2001 and the September 11 attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon.

On …