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Markets, Monocultures, And Malnutrition: Agricultural Trade Policy Through An Environmental Justice Lens, Carmen Gonzalez
Markets, Monocultures, And Malnutrition: Agricultural Trade Policy Through An Environmental Justice Lens, Carmen Gonzalez
Faculty Articles
Much of the literature on environmental justice struggles in the United States and in the Global South has highlighted the disproportionate concentration of environmental hazards in poor communities and communities of color. However, it is equally important to evaluate how human societies distribute access to environmental necessities, such as food and water. Food is a quintessential environmental necessity that is critical human survival, and the right to food is recognized under a variety of international human rights law instruments. This article examines the complex ways in which the rules governing international trade in agricultural products affect the fundamental human right …
Seasons Of Resistance: Sustainable Agriculture And Food Security In Cuba, Carmen G. Gonzalez
Seasons Of Resistance: Sustainable Agriculture And Food Security In Cuba, Carmen G. Gonzalez
Faculty Articles
Beginning in the mid-1990s, Cuba embarked upon a transformation of the agricultural sector that has been hailed by some observers as a model of socially equitable and ecologically sustainable agriculture. Cuba shifted from an export-oriented, chemical-intensive agricultural development strategy to one that promoted organic agriculture and encouraged production for the domestic market. This article places Cuba's agricultural reforms in historical context by examining the evolution of Cuban agriculture from the colonial period until the present through the lens of food security and ecological sustainability. The article argues that Cuba, for most of its history, was food insecure and ecologically compromised …
Institutionalizing Inequality: The Wto Agreement On Agriculture, Food Security, And Developing Countries, Carmen G. Gonzalez
Institutionalizing Inequality: The Wto Agreement On Agriculture, Food Security, And Developing Countries, Carmen G. Gonzalez
Faculty Articles
The article examines the food security implications of the WTO Agreement on Agriculture. It places the Agreement in historical context, examines its key provisions, and argues that the Agreement systematically favors industrialized country agricultural producers at the expense of farmers in developing countries. The Agreement enables industrialized countries to continue to subsidize agricultural production and to protect domestic producers from foreign competition while requiring market openness in developing countries. The article evaluates the effect of this imbalance on food security in developing countries, and proposes reforms to provide developing countries with the tools to promote access by all people at …