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Full-Text Articles in Law
Foreword, Scott P. Stedjan
Foreword, Scott P. Stedjan
Penn State Journal of Law & International Affairs
No abstract provided.
Geopolitics Of Resource Scarcity, Kent Hughes Butts
Geopolitics Of Resource Scarcity, Kent Hughes Butts
Penn State Journal of Law & International Affairs
No abstract provided.
Symposium - The 9 Billion People Question: The Challenge Of Global Resource Scarcity
Symposium - The 9 Billion People Question: The Challenge Of Global Resource Scarcity
Penn State Journal of Law & International Affairs
No abstract provided.
From Scarcity To Abundance: The Changing Dynamics Of Energy Conflict, Michael T. Klare
From Scarcity To Abundance: The Changing Dynamics Of Energy Conflict, Michael T. Klare
Penn State Journal of Law & International Affairs
Energy security and geopolitics have played a pivotal role in international affairs for a very long time, ever since the development of oil-powered vehicles and weapons of war. Until recently, the geopolitics of energy have largely been governed by perceptions of scarcity—the assumption that oil and other energy reserves were relatively limited, and that competition over their exploitation would lead to recurring crisis and conflict. However, the recent utilization of advanced extractive technologies—including deep-sea drilling and hydraulic fracturing—have resulted in unexpected production gains and fostered a sense that abundance, rather than scarcity, will govern the future energy picture. …
Food As A Key Resource For Security And Stability: Implications Of Changes In The Global Food System 1950-2000, Bryan L. Mcdonald
Food As A Key Resource For Security And Stability: Implications Of Changes In The Global Food System 1950-2000, Bryan L. Mcdonald
Penn State Journal of Law & International Affairs
Food security remains an urgent problem affecting the national security and interests of states, as well as the human security of people and communities around the world. This article examines the changing landscape of food security threats and vulnerabilities by examining three sets of concerns that are converging to amplify, disrupt, and transform food relations: nutrition, food safety, and global environmental change. Ensuring food security will require utilization of a range of capabilities from the state, private, and non-state sectors to confront world food problems and build a sustainable and resilient world food network.
World Poverty And Food Insecurity, Carmen G. Gonzalez
World Poverty And Food Insecurity, Carmen G. Gonzalez
Penn State Journal of Law & International Affairs
The article draws upon the insights of Yale philosopher Thomas Pogge to suggest a way that we might think about the structural inequities in the global economic order that produce food insecurity. The article argues that chronic undernourishment is not a function of food scarcity, bad weather, or simply bad luck. Rather, it is a function of international political and economic arrangements that systematically benefit the wealthy at the expense of the poor. The article concludes with several legal and policy reforms that the United States and the European Union can adopt to reduce the burdens that our societies place …
The Future Of Food Assistance: Opportunities And Challenges, Erin Lentz
The Future Of Food Assistance: Opportunities And Challenges, Erin Lentz
Penn State Journal of Law & International Affairs
The past decade has seen a radical remaking of direct food security interventions and an expanded understanding of preventing undernutrition. Today, there are more food assistance choices; researchers have identified the first 1000 days as a critical window for life-long cognitive development and health outcomes; and our understanding of the value of more tailored, nutritionally-specific interventions has expanded. The opportunities resulting from these findings can generate more effective food assistance programs. However, benefits from these findings will only be achieved if policymakers and practitioners clarify and prioritize among objectives and seek ways to build greater programming flexibility into the current …
U.S. Aid To Agriculture: Shifting Focus From Production To Sustainable Food Security, Marc J. Cohen
U.S. Aid To Agriculture: Shifting Focus From Production To Sustainable Food Security, Marc J. Cohen
Penn State Journal of Law & International Affairs
Since the 1960s, agriculture has waxed and waned as a key theme of U.S. international development assistance. In the 1970s, the United States and other donors focused on “growing the pile of food” through the use of high-yielding cereal grain varieties, mineral fertilizer, and synthetic pesticides in developing countries—the Green Revolution. This led to huge productivity increases and lower food prices in Asia and Latin America. But donors paid less attention to questions of equity, environmental sustainability, and gender equality. Due to increased food availability at lower prices, the United States and other donors reduced their focus on aid to …
Global Hunger And The World Trade Organization: How The International Trade Rules Address Food Security, Terence P. Stewart, Stephanie Manaker Bell
Global Hunger And The World Trade Organization: How The International Trade Rules Address Food Security, Terence P. Stewart, Stephanie Manaker Bell
Penn State Journal of Law & International Affairs
No abstract provided.
The World Trade Organization Agreement On Agriculture And World Food Security, David Blandford
The World Trade Organization Agreement On Agriculture And World Food Security, David Blandford
Penn State Journal of Law & International Affairs
This article discusses the nature of food insecurity in poor countries, its causes, and how these can be addressed. Disciplines are imposed on domestic agricultural policies through World Trade Organization (WTO) agreements, in particular the Agreement on Agriculture (AoA), resulting from the Uruguay Round negotiations that were completed in 1994. The AoA provides considerable flexibility for countries to pursue a range of economically efficient policies aimed at food security objectives. However, it limits the use of some policy measures, such as price supports and input subsidies, that can be costly and inefficient, and also has negative environmental consequences. There is …
Land Is Not The New Oil: What The Nigerian Oil Experience Can Teach South Sudan About Balancing The Risks And Benefits Of Large Scale Land Acquisition, Scott P. Stedjan
Land Is Not The New Oil: What The Nigerian Oil Experience Can Teach South Sudan About Balancing The Risks And Benefits Of Large Scale Land Acquisition, Scott P. Stedjan
Penn State Journal of Law & International Affairs
Recent global food price volatility combined with the growing use of agricultural land to produce biofuels has sparked a global scramble for land, with Sub-Saharan African countries serving as the main targets for investors. Derided as “land-grabbing” by those opposed to the practice, the phenomenon of large-scale acquisition of farmland by governments and private investors sparked a global debate since the global food crisis of 2008. Although international investment in agriculture plays a vital role in development and poverty reduction, large scale international investment poses some serious risks to both communities and international investors. Because there are no signs of …
Not In My Backyard: Unconventional Gas Development And Local Land Use In Pennsylvania And Alberta, Canada, Nathaniel L. Foote
Not In My Backyard: Unconventional Gas Development And Local Land Use In Pennsylvania And Alberta, Canada, Nathaniel L. Foote
Penn State Journal of Law & International Affairs
Pennsylvania has struggled with rapid expansion in the state's unconventional oil and gas sector with the development of the Marcellus Shale formation. Likewise, Alberta, Canada has experienced similar growth. Yet Pennsylvania and Alberta's approaches to local land use and resource extraction differ considerably. This paper discusses each region's experience with oil and gas development, and contrasts their approaches to land use regulation in this context. The paper concludes that the Canadians' approach holds important lessons for Pennsylvania.
Should There Be Another Ewe? A Critical Analysis Of The European Union Cloning Legislation, Khristan A. Heagle
Should There Be Another Ewe? A Critical Analysis Of The European Union Cloning Legislation, Khristan A. Heagle
Penn State International Law Review
No abstract provided.