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12th International Conference On Business, Technology And Innovation 2023, University For Business And Technology - Ubt

UBT International Conference

Welcome to IC – UBT 2023

UBT Annual International Conference is the 12th international interdisciplinary peer reviewed conference which publishes works of the scientists as well as practitioners in the area where UBT is active in Education, Research and Development. The UBT aims to implement an integrated strategy to establish itself as an internationally competitive, research-intensive university, committed to the transfer of knowledge and the provision of a world-class education to the most talented students from all background. The main perspective of the conference is to connect the scientists and practitioners from different disciplines in the same place and make …

Environmental Law And The Legal Framework For Integrat-Ing Impacts On Indoor Air Quality In Life Cycle Assessments, Afrim Syla, Visar Hoxha

UBT International Conference

Products used during construction and operation of a building can contribute to Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) problems that affect occupants’ well-being. However, IAQ is conven-tionally not addressed in the life cycle assessments (LCAs) of buildings and building related products even though IAQ leads to one of the areas of protection under LCA - human health impacts. In this study, we proposed an overall framework for integrating IAQ into LCA using the standard steps of LCA. The framework focused on IAQ and LCA modeling from two cate-gories of building related products:

1) passive products that realize their function through initial installation …

Lifelong Maintenance Contract In Kosovo: Regulatory Framework, Implementation, And Judicial Challenges, Jorida Xhafaj, Tringa Thaqi

UBT International Conference

According to Kosovo Law No. 04/L-077 on Obligation Relations, lifelong maintenance occurs when one contracting party (the maintaining party) undertakes to support the other contracting party or any other person (the maintained party), and the other contracting party declares that he/she will leave the former all or part of his/her property, which includes real estate and movable property intended for the use and enjoyment of the real estate, and the delivery thereof is postponed until the former dies. In order to provide a thorough examination taking into account its origins, developments, and how it responds to practical situations, this paper …

International Conference On Law, University For Business And Technology - Ubt

UBT International Conference

UBT Annual International Conference is the 12th international interdisciplinary peer reviewed conference which publishes works of the scientists as well as practitioners in the area where UBT is active in Education, Research and Development. The UBT aims to implement an integrated strategy to establish itself as an internationally competitive, research-intensive university, committed to the transfer of knowledge and the provision of a world-class education to the most talented students from all background. The main perspective of the conference is to connect the scientists and practitioners from different disciplines in the same place and make them be aware of the recent …

Enhancing Real Estate Management: The Transformative Role Of Machine Learning In Predictive Gains And Risk Model Performance, Visar Hoxha, Blerta Demjaha, Veli Lecaj, Hazer Dana, Fuat Pallaska

UBT International Conference

Mortgage scoring models are pivotal in evaluating the risk associated with mortgages. Traditionally, these models were constructed using logistic regression. However, with the rise of machine learning, algorithms such as classification trees and neural networks have been employed. These algorithms are trained on a sample of mortgages, with the occurrence or non-occurrence of default observed. The data is then split into training and test samples, with machine learning algorithms further dividing the training sample for validation. This approach aims to determine hyperparameters that maximize performance while minimizing overfitting. Once calibrated, the model is applied to the test sample to predict …

Machine Learning In Mortgage Scoring: A Comparative Analysis With Traditional Statistical Methods, Visar Hoxha, Blerta Demjaha, Veli Lecaj, Hazer Dana, Fuat Pallaska

UBT International Conference

This paper delves into the comparative advantages of machine learning over traditional statistical methods in real estate mortgage scoring. By examining the efficiency, robustness, and productivity gains of machine learning, the study underscores its potential to transform the financial industry, particularly in mortgage application processing. The findings highlight the reduced need for extensive data preprocessing with machine learning and its implications for faster and more accurate mortgage decision-making.

Revolutionizing Real Estate Mortgage Scoring: The Superiority Of Machine Learning Over Traditional Statistical Methods, Visar Hoxha, Blerta Demjaha, Veli Lecaj, Hazer Dana, Fuat Pallaska

UBT International Conference

This paper explores the advantages of machine learning over traditional statistical methods in the context of real estate mortgage scoring. While traditional methods require extensive data preprocessing, machine learning offers a more streamlined and efficient approach. The financial industry is recognizing these benefits, with machine learning enabling faster mortgage application processing and reduced modeling biases. The findings underscore the potential of machine learning to revolutionize the financial sector.

Imposition Of Alternative Measures In North Macedonia And Comparison Of Probation In France And Croatia, Alma Doko

UBT International Conference

When the criminal offense is mentioned, the only association is the prison sentence, as a justification that the purpose of the punishment is achieved with it. But today, modern criminal law legislation is characterized by humanity and the request for the imposition of non-institutional sanctions, in the sense that it is not always possible to expect that the desired results will be achieved with the prison sentence, which is the fight against criminality, its prevention and suppression. Fierce criticism of the short-term prison sentence and the prison sentence for its emphasized retributive character led to the emergence of new sanctions …

A Comparative Analysis Of Legal Restrictions Impacting Housing Prices: A Study Of Kosovo And Slovenia, Visar Hoxha, Egzone Osmanaj

UBT International Conference

The purpose of this study is to undertake a comparative analysis of the laws between Kosovo and Slovenia in terms of legal restrictions that affect housing prices. The present study uses a comparative analysis of laws that impose restrictions that affect the housing prices in Kosovo and Slovenia. The research found that both countries impose similar restrictions on building regulations such as sanitation, lighting, air quality, fire safety, and materials standards. Spatial and zoning laws in both countries regulate urban containment, population growth, and municipal development plans. This study provides a novel and comparative analysis of the impact of legal …

11th International Conference On Business, Technology And Innovation 2022, University For Business And Technology - Ubt

UBT International Conference

Welcome to IC – UBT 2022

UBT Annual International Conference is the 11th international interdisciplinary peer reviewed conference which publishes works of the scientists as well as practitioners in the area where UBT is active in Education, Research and Development. The UBT aims to implement an integrated strategy to establish itself as an internationally competitive, research-intensive university, committed to the transfer of knowledge and the provision of a world-class education to the most talented students from all background. The main perspective of the conference is to connect the scientists and practitioners from different disciplines in the same place and make …

International Conference On Law, University For Business And Technology - Ubt

UBT International Conference

UBT Annual International Conference is the 9th international interdisciplinary peer reviewed conference which publishes works of the scientists as well as practitioners in the area where UBT is active in Education, Research and Development. The UBT aims to implement an integrated strategy to establish itself as an internationally competitive, research-intensive university, committed to the transfer of knowledge and the provision of a world-class education to the most talented students from all background. The main perspective of the conference is to connect the scientists and practitioners from different disciplines in the same place and make them be aware of the recent …

Kosovo And The Eu Stabilization And Association Agreement, Sazan Isufi, Veli Lecaj, Visar Hoxha

UBT International Conference

The purpose of this research paper is to analyse the impact of the EU Stabilization and Association Agreement (“SAA”) in Kosovo. This agreement was signed between Kosovo and the European Union (“EU”) on 27 October 2015. The High Representative for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy at that time, Federica Mogherini, signed the agreement on behalf of the EU and noted that a new phase was opened for the relationship between the two and prosperity and stability would be improved significantly. On the other hand, Commissioner Johannes Hahn indicated that a milestone has been reached, and SAA will enable Kosovo to …

Legal Treatment Of Foreign Investment And Role International Investment Arbitration Through The Prism Of Kosovo, Arianit Kaçandolli, Bashkim Nuredini

UBT International Conference

The main purpose of this study is the legal treatment of foreign direct investment (FDI) in the Republic of Kosovo and in the countries of the region, as well as the role of International Investment Arbitration, with a specific reference to an analysis of the positive effects FDI and the problems faced by foreign investors. Global trends show that competition for FDI inflows is particularly strong among developing countries, as it represents an important source of foreign capital and with a positive impact on the host economy. FDI can facilitate rapid economic growth in developing countries by increasing investment and …

State Aid Rules In Kosovo: The Need For Approximation With Eu Acquis, Elton Tota

UBT International Conference

Provided in the EU Treaty (Arts 107-109 TFEU) and applied in the EU institutional level and the EU Member States, the State Aid rules are also provided as criteria to be achieved for the WB by being included as parts of the respective Stabilization and Association Agreements (SAAs) signed between the EU and each of Western Balkan (WB) countries. In this regard, the SAA between EU and Kosovo has provided the relevant provisions for Kosovo to be properly implemented in the national legislation. The respective SAA provision (Arts. 74, 75) have outlined certain requirements to be achieved such as: it …

The Western Balkans And Possible Alternatives To Accelerating Eu Membership, Mersel Bilalli

UBT International Conference

"The future of the Balkans lies within the European Union" - this is the central sentence of the European Council conclusions adopted at the Thessaloniki Summit in 2003. Today, almost two decades later, the Western Balkans are even further away from that goal. After mass membership in 2004, then Bulgaria and Romania in 2007, and finally Croatia in 2013, the EU obviously looks tired. Montenegro has entered the twelve years tenth year of negotiations, and the results are still halfway through. Serbia is experiencing the same fate. And other Western Balkan countries have been on "waiting tracks" for decades.

Fulfillment …

10th International Conference On Business, Technology And Innovation 2021, University For Business And Technology - Ubt

UBT International Conference

Welcome to IC – UBT 2021

UBT Annual International Conference is the 10th international interdisciplinary peer reviewed conference which publishes works of the scientists as well as practitioners in the area where UBT is active in Education, Research and Development. The UBT aims to implement an integrated strategy to establish itself as an internationally competitive, research-intensive university, committed to the transfer of knowledge and the provision of a world-class education to the most talented students from all background. The main perspective of the conference is to connect the scientists and practitioners from different disciplines in the same place and make …

Policing And Challenges Throughout The Covid-19 Pandemic, Fatos Haziri

UBT International Conference

In this paper I aim to examine some new roles and practices that the police should have during the COVID 19 pandemic crisis, some of the challenges that this situation creates; new policing approach to developing a two-dimensional police response, both in carrying out traditional legal missions and responsibilities, as well as in its new role in the complex context created by the COVID-19 pandemic crisis, to operate and to serve their community as the broadest function of public safety. Police today is facing a new challenge, that of policing the Covid-19 Pandemic. Traditional police practices in the pandemic situation …

The Style Of Translation In George Orwell’S Masterpiece “1984” Between English Sl And Albanian Tl Language, Redi Papa

UBT International Conference

The main purpose of this paper is to provide an all-embracing approach with respect to the style and method of translation between English and Albanian versions of George Orwell’s masterpiece “1984”. Among others, it is worth pointing out that the underlying peculiarity of translating literary or so-called non-fiction texts is that of explaining the cultural context, translator foreword may be at a high degree permissible. Consequently it leads to a close relation author-translator-reader relationship. The style is of “1984”, is at a large extent an emotional one. The style primarily reflects on the gist of this masterpiece and strives to …

9th International Conference On Business, Technology And Innovation 2020, University For Business And Technology - Ubt

UBT International Conference

Welcome to IC – UBT 2020

UBT Annual International Conference is the 9th international interdisciplinary peer reviewed conference which publishes works of the scientists as well as practitioners in the area where UBT is active in Education, Research and Development. The UBT aims to implement an integrated strategy to establish itself as an internationally competitive, research-intensive university, committed to the transfer of knowledge and the provision of a world-class education to the most talented students from all background. The main perspective of the conference is to connect the scientists and practitioners from different disciplines in the same place and make …

International Conference On Law, University For Business And Technology - Ubt

UBT International Conference

UBT Annual International Conference is the 9th international interdisciplinary peer reviewed conference which publishes works of the scientists as well as practitioners in the area where UBT is active in Education, Research and Development. The UBT aims to implement an integrated strategy to establish itself as an internationally competitive, research-intensive university, committed to the transfer of knowledge and the provision of a world-class education to the most talented students from all background. The main perspective of the conference is to connect the scientists and practitioners from different disciplines in the same place and make them be aware of the recent …

Freedom Of Expression, Libel And Insult And Compensation Of Damage, Florim H. Shefqeti

UBT International Conference

Freedom of expression is a fundamental human right, this right is guaranteed by the domestic law the legislation of the Republic of Kosovo and with international documents. In the Republic of Kosovo, this institute has been regulated through the Constitution of Kosovo where Article 40 stipulating that this right includes the right to express, to distribute and receive information, thoughts and other messages, without being obstructed by anyone, and that this right can only be limited by the Law.

Through international documents it is determined that this right belongs to the group of fundamental human rights, so that freedom of …

Protection Of Privacy And Banking Secrecy In Swiss Banking, Bashkim Nuredini, Vesna Paunkoska Dodevska

UBT International Conference

Despite being one of the most developed and regulated countries in the world, Switzerland is also considered to be the leading financial center in the world. Everyone agrees with the fact that banking is one of the most recognizable activities in Switzerland, and also places it among the most important international financial centers with a long tradition, stretching back to medieval times.

Swiss banking is a synonym for a banking system in which the principle of secrecy in banking is widely used. Banking secrecy as an established practice is based on the fact that customer data is kept secret for …

Criminal Law Convention On Corruption And Its Relation To The Criminal Code Of Republic Of Kosovo, Bejtush Gashi, Adrianit Ibrahimi

UBT International Conference

Corruption is a global concern today and Kosovo is no exception! As a matter fact, successful combat against corruption is a crucial condition that has to be met for every legal and a democratic state. For the Republic of Kosovo this means first of all establishing a consistent legal framework based on the general principals of the European Law.

Aim of this research is to prove that in order to have a more successful combat against corruption, Kosovo has to take all measures that are foreseen from the Criminal Law Convention on Corruption, even though Kosovo has not signed this …

International Conference On Law, University For Business And Technology - Ubt

UBT International Conference

UBT Annual International Conference is the 8th international interdisciplinary peer reviewed conference which publishes works of the scientists as well as practitioners in the area where UBT is active in Education, Research and Development. The UBT aims to implement an integrated strategy to establish itself as an internationally competitive, research-intensive university, committed to the transfer of knowledge and the provision of a world-class education to the most talented students from all background. The main perspective of the conference is to connect the scientists and practitioners from different disciplines in the same place and make them be aware of the recent …

Aspects Of Land Privatization Process In Albania, Ilda (Kovaci) Melo, Zhaklina Peto

UBT International Conference

Land is one of the main categories of immovable property and as such the legal regulation of land relations always has been of particular importance. The 90-s brought important economical, political and social changes in Albania. These changes led to important legal reforms on land regime. One of them is the privatization process In this paper we intend to give a general overview of the privatization process undertaken in Albania, as a result of the political and social economic changes that Albania encountered after the 90s, evidencing both the positive and negative consequences that brought the implementation of land privatization …

Trial Of Young Adults And Sanctions Against Them, Albulena U. Ukimeraj

UBT International Conference

The juvenile delinquency issue is also regulated by the Kosovo legislation, respectively with the Juvenile Justice Code. This Code, also addresses the issue of adjudication of young adults. To these category, a special and more favorable status is been recognized comparing to the older persons in criminal procedure conducted against them, because of their different personality features and their different reaction in specific situations. The possibility to pronounce soft sanctions on the young adults is also well covered by other social sciences such as criminology, psychology, criminal law, criminal procedure law and it is claimed that the purpose of criminal …

Justice Reform And The Constituitional Court, Noela Ruço

UBT International Conference

During these years Albania has experienced numerous political, economic and social developments, which naturally have been accompanied with certain developments in the legal framework. Not only were these initiatives about the adoption of different legal acts, but also about the practice of state institutions themselves in the materialization of the law in general and the constitutional law in particular. The activity of constitutional institutions, especially the constitutional control exercised by the Constitutional Court, during these years has highlighted some of the issues needed to be reviewed by the constitutional lawmaker in the framework of the justice reform. The constitutional amendments …

Human Rights, Flora Kadriu

UBT International Conference

The aim of this paper is to look into the topic of human rights; consequently showing that the fight for recognizing the cultural identity develops through the system of human rights. Specifically speaking, the latter is achieved through civil and political rights, individual rights, and I generation. The collective practices of the cultural self-identification of the individual develop exactly through the civil rights, namely speaking the right of self-determination. The collective practices also influence and determine the political system. Therefore, in this paper I direct the tone towards the democratic form of the political system of the segmented or the …

Associations Of Municipalities In The Republic Of Kosovo, Ramiz Fazliu

UBT International Conference

The subject of this paper are the forms of cooperation and partnerships of municipalities, respectively the establishment of associations of municipalities in the Republic of Kosovo. Currently in Kosovo is the Association of Kosovo Municipalities and it is expected that the Association of Serb-majority Municipalities will soon be established the result of the Brussels Agreement, reached in the negotiations between the delegations of the republic of Kosovo and Serbia. In addition, the legal and constitutional basis for the establishment and functioning of these associations and their position in the legal system of Kosovo is analyzed and treated. Municipal Associations, their …

Process Of Decentralization In The Republic Of Kosovo, Agni Aliu, Artan Tahiri

UBT International Conference

The subject of the study in this paper is the process of decentralization in the Republic of Kosovo and the obstacles faced by this process. The Republic of Kosovo is one of the world's newest states, so it is natural to face a numerous complex problems in local government in general, while special attention should be paid to the process of decentralization.

The decentralization process should be well analyzed by comparing with some notions such as: Local Governance and its Basic Characteristics, Democracy, Centralization, Non-concentration, etc. This process implies the transfer of competencies from central government to a certain degree …