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Articles 1 - 30 of 79
Full-Text Articles in Law
A Structural Etiology Of The U.S. Constitution, Charles Lincoln
A Structural Etiology Of The U.S. Constitution, Charles Lincoln
Journal of Legislation
This article offers an interpretation of the problems addressed by and the eventual purpose of the United States government. Simultaneously, it seeks to analyze and explain the continued three-part structure of the United States federal government as outlined in the Constitution. Subsequently I define the three parts of the federal government—judiciary, executive, and legislative—as explained through the lens of the Platonic paradigm of (logos = word = law), (thymos = external driving spirit = executive), and (eros = general welfare = legislative) extrapolated from Plato’s dialogues.
First, the article establishes Plato’s theory of the three-part Platonic soul …
Solving The Information Security & Privacy Crisis By Expanding The Scope Of Top Management Personal Liability, Charles Cresson Wood
Solving The Information Security & Privacy Crisis By Expanding The Scope Of Top Management Personal Liability, Charles Cresson Wood
Journal of Legislation
While information security and privacy losses are now spiraling out of control, and have been demonstrably shown to threaten national sovereignty, military superiority, industrial infrastructure order, national economic competitiveness, the solvency of major businesses, faith and trust in the Internet as a platform for modern commerce, as well as political stability, the U.S. Congress has nonetheless to date refused to seriously address the root cause of these threats. The root cause is a legally reinforced incentive system that encourages, and further entrenches, top management decisions that provide inadequate resources for, and inadequate top management attention to, information security and privacy …
Education As A Vital Right, Clayton Kozinski
Education As A Vital Right, Clayton Kozinski
Journal of Legislation
No abstract provided.
Managing Fear-Based Derogation In Murder Trials, John Rafael Perez
Managing Fear-Based Derogation In Murder Trials, John Rafael Perez
Journal of Legislation
No abstract provided.
Evaluating Legislative Justice Sector Reforms: Creating An Environment For Survival, Lauren A. Shumate
Evaluating Legislative Justice Sector Reforms: Creating An Environment For Survival, Lauren A. Shumate
Journal of Legislation
No abstract provided.
The Clean Water Rule: What It Is And Why It Needs To Go, Charles C. Davis, Iii
The Clean Water Rule: What It Is And Why It Needs To Go, Charles C. Davis, Iii
Journal of Legislation
No abstract provided.
Prosecutorial Accountability 2.0, Bruce Green, Ellen Yaroshefsky
Prosecutorial Accountability 2.0, Bruce Green, Ellen Yaroshefsky
Notre Dame Law Review
This Article describes the rhetorical and regulatory changes that characterize
the new prosecutorial accountability, identifies the conditions that
have enabled them to occur, and considers their implications. While identifying
various necessary conditions, the Article argues that information technology
has been the essential catalyst; the evolution could not be sustained
without the aggregation, accessibility, and communication of data and commentary
about prosecutorial misconduct that new information technology
makes readily available to the public. Given the permanence of information
technology in modern society, the Article concludes by cautiously predicting
that the contemporary regulatory movement will be sustained; the pendulum
will not swing …
A Non-Contentious Account Of Article Iii's Domestic Relations Exception, James E. Pfander, Emily K. Damrau
A Non-Contentious Account Of Article Iii's Domestic Relations Exception, James E. Pfander, Emily K. Damrau
Notre Dame Law Review
Scholars and jurists have long debated the origins and current scope of the so-called domestic relations exception to Article III. Rooted in the perception that certain family law matters lie beyond the power of the federal courts, the exception was first articulated in the nineteenth-century decisional law of the Supreme Court and has perplexed observers ever since. Scholarly debate continues, despite the Court’s twentieth-century decision to place the exception firmly on statutory grounds in an effort to limit its potentially disruptive force.
This Article offers a novel, historically grounded account of the domestic relations exception, connecting its origins to the …
Product Hopping: A New Framework, Michael A. Carrier, Steve D. Shadowen
Product Hopping: A New Framework, Michael A. Carrier, Steve D. Shadowen
Notre Dame Law Review
One of the most misunderstood and anticompetitive business behaviors in today’s economy is “product hopping,” which occurs when a brand-name pharmaceutical company switches from one version of a drug to another. These switches, benign in appearance but not necessarily in effect, can significantly decrease consumer welfare, impairing competition from generic drugs to an extent that greatly exceeds any gains from the “improved” branded product.
The antitrust analysis of product hopping is nuanced. It implicates the intersection of antitrust law, patent law, the Hatch-Waxman Act, and state drug product selection laws. In fact, the behavior is even more complex because it …
Misalignment: Corporate Risk-Taking And Public Duty, Steven L. Schwarcz
Misalignment: Corporate Risk-Taking And Public Duty, Steven L. Schwarcz
Notre Dame Law Review
This Article argues for a “public governance duty” to help manage excessive risk-taking by systemically important firms. Although governments worldwide, including the United States, have issued an array of regulations to attempt to curb that risk-taking by aligning managerial and investor interests, those regulations implicitly assume that investors would oppose excessively risky business ventures. That leaves a critical misalignment: because much of the harm from a systemically important firm’s failure would be externalized onto the public, including ordinary citizens impacted by an economic collapse, such a firm can engage in risk-taking ventures with positive expected value to its investors but …
One Federalism And The Judicial Role: Enforcing The Limits Of Article I, Alexa R. Baltes
One Federalism And The Judicial Role: Enforcing The Limits Of Article I, Alexa R. Baltes
Notre Dame Law Review
Part I of this Note offers a brief account of the two main theories of
federalism protection: the political safeguards (or process federalism) and
judicial review. Part II then suggests a dual-safeguards approach as the single
constitutionally grounded theory, and proceeds to situate the procedural
safeguards and, importantly, judicial review, in the history, text, and structure
of the Constitution. Next, delving into the Court’s New Federalism line of
decisions, Part III analyzes the implications for these two constitutionally
grounded safeguards to deduce the proper framework for their respective
applications. It suggests that while political safeguards may be conceived in
terms …
Police Body-Worn Camera Policy: Balancing The Tension Between Privacy And Public Access In State Law, Kyle J. Maury
Police Body-Worn Camera Policy: Balancing The Tension Between Privacy And Public Access In State Law, Kyle J. Maury
Notre Dame Law Review
Body camera implementation remains in its infancy stage. As such,
there is a dearth of legal scholarship analyzing the policy considerations associated
with body cameras. Instead of raising the issues involved and assessing
arguments for and against implementation, this Note assumes body cameras
are a force for good and are here to stay for the long haul. Consequently, the
goal of this Note is to analyze various issues involved in administering body
cameras against a backdrop of recently enacted state legislation—focusing
specifically on the tension between protecting privacy interests while also
ensuring public access to recordings. This Note examines these …
The First Amendment Walks Into A Bar: Trademark Registration And Free Speech, Rebecca Tushnet
The First Amendment Walks Into A Bar: Trademark Registration And Free Speech, Rebecca Tushnet
Notre Dame Law Review
This Article analyzes the First Amendment arguments against section
2(a)’s disparagement bar with reference to the consequences of any
invalidation on the rest of the trademark statute. My fundamental conclusions
are that In re Tam is wrongly reasoned even given the Supreme Court’s
increased scrutiny of commercial speech regulations, and that to hold otherwise
and preserve the rest of trademark law would require unprincipled distinctions
within trademark law. More generally, the Supreme Court’s First
Amendment jurisprudence has become so expansive as to threaten basic
aspects of the regulatory state; the result of subjecting economic regulations
such as trademark registration to …
The Bill Of Rights As A Term Of Art, Gerard N. Magliocca
The Bill Of Rights As A Term Of Art, Gerard N. Magliocca
Notre Dame Law Review
This Article argues that the use of the “Bill of Rights” to describe the first
set of constitutional amendments emerged long after the Founding as a justification
for expanding federal power at home and abroad. In making that
claim, I challenge two common misconceptions about the Bill of Rights. One
is that the first set of amendments was known by that name from the start.
This is not true. James Madison never said that what was ratified in 1791 was
a bill of rights, and that label was not widely used for those provisions until
after 1900. The second fallacy …
Arbitrariness Review Made Reasonable: Structural And Conceptual Reform Of The "Hard Look", Sidney A. Shapiro, Richard W. Murphy
Arbitrariness Review Made Reasonable: Structural And Conceptual Reform Of The "Hard Look", Sidney A. Shapiro, Richard W. Murphy
Notre Dame Law Review
As Representative John Dingell remarked in the best sentence ever said on the power of procedure over substance, “I’ll let you write the substance . . . you let me write the procedure, and I’ll screw you every time.”1 Accordingly, designing procedures for legislative rulemaking, a dominant feature of modern governance, has spawned one of the most contentious debates in all of administrative law. Compounding the stakes, over the last fifty years, the courts, with help from Congress and presidents, have relentlessly made rulemaking procedures more burdensome, impeding efforts to preserve the environment, protect workers, and forestall financial collapse, among …
"Come Now Let Us Reason Together": Restoring Religious Freedom In America And Abroad, John Witte Jr, Joel A. Nichols
"Come Now Let Us Reason Together": Restoring Religious Freedom In America And Abroad, John Witte Jr, Joel A. Nichols
Notre Dame Law Review
American religious freedom used to be “taken for granted.” It’s now “up
for grabs.” So writes distinguished religious liberty scholar Paul Horwitz.
Until a generation ago, the opposite was true.
So matters stood a generation ago. But in the ensuing years, these special
legislative protections of religious freedom have come under increasing
attack.
(In)Valid Patents, Paul R. Gugliuzza
(In)Valid Patents, Paul R. Gugliuzza
Notre Dame Law Review
Increasingly, accused infringers challenge a patent’s validity in two different forums: in litigation in federal court and in post-issuance review at the Patent and Trademark Office (PTO). These parallel proceedings have produced conflicting and controversial results. For example, in one recent case, a district court rejected a challenge to a patent’s validity and awarded millions of dollars in damages for infringement. The Federal Circuit initially affirmed those rulings, ending the litigation over the patent’s validity. In a subsequent appeal about royalties owed by the infringer, however, the Federal Circuit vacated the entire judgment—including the validity ruling and damages award it …
Honoring Dan Meltzer, Bradford R. Clark
Honoring Dan Meltzer, Bradford R. Clark
Notre Dame Law Review
Dan Meltzer was a giant in the field of Federal Courts, and it is hard to overstate his influence on its development. He taught Federal Courts at Harvard Law School and was a long-time co-author of Hart & Wechsler’s The Federal Courts and the Federal System (“Hart & Wechsler ”), the casebook that created the field and shaped how generations of judges, lawyers, and scholars think about complex questions of federal jurisdiction. In addition, Dan enriched the field immeasurably by writing seminal articles on a wide range of Federal Courts topics. His work was characterized by deep knowledge of the …
A “Second Magna Carta”: The English Habeas Corpus Act And The Statutory Origins Of The Habeas Privilege, Amanda L. Tyler
A “Second Magna Carta”: The English Habeas Corpus Act And The Statutory Origins Of The Habeas Privilege, Amanda L. Tyler
Notre Dame Law Review
In my own scholarship, Fallon and Meltzer’s work on habeas models prompted me to dig deeper into the historical backdrop that informed ratification of the Suspension Clause and think harder about the relevance of that history for questions of constitutional interpretation. This, in turn, has spurred work that has occupied me for many years since. In the spirit of engaging with my federal courts professor one more time, this Article tells the story of the statutory origins of the habeas privilege—what Blackstone called a “second magna carta”—and argues that any explication of the constitutional privilege and discussion of how …
Authorized Personnel Only: The Patent Exhaustion Doctrine After Helferich, Jeffrey W. Schmidt
Authorized Personnel Only: The Patent Exhaustion Doctrine After Helferich, Jeffrey W. Schmidt
Notre Dame Law Review
This Note will analyze the framework utilized by the Federal Circuit in Helferich to assess whether or not it follows Supreme Court precedent along with the public policies that govern American patent law. Part I provides a brief introduction to the patent exhaustion doctrine and the public policies surrounding the doctrine and patent law in general and discusses important Supreme Court cases that defined the doctrine. Part II discusses Helferich in detail and lays out some of the major differences between the approaches taken by the Federal Circuit and the one taken by the district court. Part III analyzes the …
Swept Away: Should Courts Retain A Recklessness Standard In Assessing Rescuer Injury Claims Under The Maritime Rescue Doctrine?, Anthony Acciaioli
Swept Away: Should Courts Retain A Recklessness Standard In Assessing Rescuer Injury Claims Under The Maritime Rescue Doctrine?, Anthony Acciaioli
Notre Dame Law Review
This Note asserts that courts should continue to apply the traditional maritime rescue doctrine along with its “wanton or reckless” standard when assessing whether a rescuer injured during a maritime rescue attempt stemming from a negligent tortfeasor’s conduct may recover for his or her injuries. Part I will analyze the arc of rescue doctrine–related case law surrounding the aforementioned circuit split, scrutinizing how the rescue doctrine has been impacted by the larger-scale paradigm shift in apportioning liability from contributory negligence to comparative negligence. Part II will discuss the circuit split directly and argue that in light of admiralty law’s historical …
On Viewing The Courts As Junior Partners Of Congress In Statutory Interpretation Cases: An Essay Celebrating The Scholarship Of Daniel J. Meltzer, Richard H. Fallon Jr
On Viewing The Courts As Junior Partners Of Congress In Statutory Interpretation Cases: An Essay Celebrating The Scholarship Of Daniel J. Meltzer, Richard H. Fallon Jr
Notre Dame Law Review
In this Essay, written in tribute to Dan Meltzer, I shall attempt to explicate his views regarding statutory interpretation in general, thematic terms. In doing so, I shall register my agreement with virtually all of Dan’s conclusions and frequently echo his practically minded arguments in support of them. But I shall also advance arguments—with which I cannot be entirely sure he would have agreed—that seek to show that his position reflected theoretical insights about how language works, not only in law, but also more generally in life. By seeking simultaneously to defend Dan’s views and to build on them, this …
Honoring Dan Meltzer—Congressional Standing And The Institutional Framework Of Article Iii: A Comparative Perspective, Vickie C. Jackson
Honoring Dan Meltzer—Congressional Standing And The Institutional Framework Of Article Iii: A Comparative Perspective, Vickie C. Jackson
Notre Dame Law Review
In this short Essay, I focus on only one aspect of the broader question of government standing to sue: congressional standing. For one thing, separation of powers problems are more acutely presented in federal level disputes.
Given an increased interest by parts of the Congress, especially the House of Representatives, in seeking to intervene in ongoing litigation, there are pressing new issues in the lower federal courts: U.S. District Court Judge Rosemary Collyer recently upheld congressional standing to challenge an asserted violation of the Appropriations Clause in connection with spending under the Affordable Care Act, while rejecting the House’s standing …
Compensation's Role In Deterrence, Russell M. Gold
Compensation's Role In Deterrence, Russell M. Gold
Notre Dame Law Review
There are plenty of noneconomic reasons to care whether victims are compensated in class actions. The traditional law-and-economics view, however, is that when individual claim values are small, there is no reason to care whether victims are compensated. Rather than compensation deterring wrongdoing is tort law’s primary economic objective. And on this score, law-and-economics scholars contend that only the aggregate amount of money that a defendant expects to pay affects deterrence. They say that it does not matter for deterrence purposes how that money is split between victims, lawyers, and charities. This Article challenges that claim about achieving tort law’s …
A Cause Of Action, Anyone?: Federal Equity And The Preemption Of State Lalw, Henry Paul Monaghan
A Cause Of Action, Anyone?: Federal Equity And The Preemption Of State Lalw, Henry Paul Monaghan
Notre Dame Law Review
In this very brief Essay, I focus on aspects of a topic on which both Danny and I have written and on which our reasoning differed: federal court authority, “sitting in equity,” to enjoin enforcement of state law on federal preemption grounds. In a coercive action brought by the state to enforce the state law, the federal act could of course be set up as a defense. Suppose, however, that alleging “arising under” subject-matter jurisdiction, the plaintiff sues the appropriate state officials to restrain enforcement of the state statute. Many such challenges are readily entertained on the merits, often because …
The Coupon Quandry: Restructuring Incentives In Cafa Coupon Settlements, Michael Gallagher Ii
The Coupon Quandry: Restructuring Incentives In Cafa Coupon Settlements, Michael Gallagher Ii
Notre Dame Law Review
This Note proceeds in five parts. Part I provides a background of coupon settlements with special attention paid to the incentives of class counsel. Part II outlines CAFA’s relevant statutory provisions and examines them in light of the “Purposes” section in the statute and the Senate report accompanying the legislation—the most illuminating indicia of legislative intent. Part III examines the rationale supporting both cases in the circuit split and the implications behind both interpretive regimes. Part IV argues that the Seventh Circuit has the better legal argument for two reasons: (1) its strong textual argument; and (2) its support found …
An Incomplete Discussion Of "Arising Under" Jurisdiction, David L. Shapiro
An Incomplete Discussion Of "Arising Under" Jurisdiction, David L. Shapiro
Notre Dame Law Review
My purpose in this brief Essay is to expand on this theme as it played out in Dan Meltzer’s role as collaborator, friendly critic, and keen analyst, and to do so by exploring a problem that in some ways lies at the heart of our elaborate system of judicial federalism, even though (perhaps because it does not arise that often) it has received somewhat less attention than it deserves. That problem addresses the nature of federal judicial authority—and especially the appellate jurisdiction of the Supreme Court—when a federal issue is embedded in, or when its determination may affect the resolution …
Corporate Criminal Minds, Mihailis E. Diamantis
Corporate Criminal Minds, Mihailis E. Diamantis
Notre Dame Law Review
In order to commit the vast majority of crimes, corporations must, in some sense, have mental states. Lawmakers and scholars assume that factfinders need fundamentally different procedures for attributing mental states to corporations and individuals. As a result, they saddle themselves with unjustifiable theories of mental state attribution, like respondeat superior, that produce results wholly at odds with all the major theories of the objectives of criminal law.
This Article draws on recent findings in cognitive science to develop a new, comprehensive approach to corporate mens rea that would better allow corporate criminal law to fulfill its deterrent, retributive, and …
Revising Our “Common Intellectual Heritage”: Federal And State Courts In Our Federal System, Judith Resnik
Revising Our “Common Intellectual Heritage”: Federal And State Courts In Our Federal System, Judith Resnik
Notre Dame Law Review
This Essay pays tribute to Daniel Meltzer’s insight that, to the extent “lawyers have a common intellectual heritage, the federal courts are its primary source.” I do so by analyzing how that heritage is made and remade, as political forces press Congress to deploy federal courts to protect a wide array of interests and state courts absorb the bulk of litigation. The heritage that Meltzer celebrated and to which he contributed was the outcome of twentieth-century social movements that focused on the federal courts as hospitable venues, serving as vivid sources of rights and remedies. A competing heritage has since …
Lights, Camera, Legal Action: Assessing The Question Of Acting Performance Copyrights Through The Lens Of Comparative Law, Chrissy Milanese
Lights, Camera, Legal Action: Assessing The Question Of Acting Performance Copyrights Through The Lens Of Comparative Law, Chrissy Milanese
Notre Dame Law Review
This Note will use comparative methods to consider whether an actor should have such an interest based on America’s international obligations under various intellectual property treaties, the treatment of acting performances in parallel foreign jurisdictions, and the current framework of American copyright law. Despite agreeing that, on the particular facts of Garcia, the Ninth Circuit reached the correct conclusion, this Note asserts that Garcia has identified a gap in American intellectual property law. In accordance with the fundamental principles underlying intellectual property law and global trends, this Note will argue that this problem should be addressed by incorporating into the …