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Articles 1 - 30 of 180
Full-Text Articles in Law
Testing The Limits Of Virtual Compliance: Website Accessibility, "Tester" Plaintiffs, And Article Iii Standing Under The Ada, Ashlyn Dewberry
Testing The Limits Of Virtual Compliance: Website Accessibility, "Tester" Plaintiffs, And Article Iii Standing Under The Ada, Ashlyn Dewberry
Georgia Law Review
Federal courts have split in determining whether “tester” plaintiffs bringing suit under the ADA assert the requisite injury in fact necessary for Article III standing. These “website accessibility testers” allege that defendants’ websites do not make certain information available to disabled persons in violation of Title III of the ADA and one of its implementing regulations. This split presents an excellent opportunity to clarify which informational and stigmatic harms qualify as injuries in fact for Article III standing purposes. This Note argues that ADA website accessibility testers cannot obtain standing under current law. Neither the text of the ADA nor …
The Problem Of Extravagant Inferences, Cass Sunstein
The Problem Of Extravagant Inferences, Cass Sunstein
Georgia Law Review
Judges and lawyers sometimes act as if a constitutional or statutory term must, as a matter of semantics, be understood to have a particular meaning, when it could easily be understood to have another meaning, or several other meanings. When judges and lawyers act as if a legal term has a unique semantic meaning, even though it does not, they should be seen to be drawing extravagant inferences. Some constitutional provisions are treated this way; consider the idea that the vesting of executive power in a President of the United States necessarily includes the power to remove, at will, a …
Constitutional Text, Founding Era History, And The Independent-State-Legislature Theory, Dan T. Coenen
Constitutional Text, Founding Era History, And The Independent-State-Legislature Theory, Dan T. Coenen
Georgia Law Review
One question raised by proponents of the so-called independent-state-legislature theory concerns the extent to which state courts can apply state constitutional requirements to invalidate state laws that concern federal elections. According to one proposed application of the theory, state courts can never subject such laws to state-constitution-based judicial review. According to another application, federal courts can broadly, though not invariably, foreclose state courts from drawing on state constitutions to invalidate federal-election-related state legislation. This article evaluates whether either of these positions comports with the original meaning of the Constitution. Given the article’s focus on the originalist methodology, it directs attention …
A Fourteenth Century Solution To A Twenty-First Century Problem: Using Qui Tam Legislation To Limit Executive War Power, Nicholas R. Lewis
A Fourteenth Century Solution To A Twenty-First Century Problem: Using Qui Tam Legislation To Limit Executive War Power, Nicholas R. Lewis
Georgia Law Review
The United States was founded on the principle that Congress alone has the power to take the nation to war. This founding principle has failed. In its place now stands the modern principle that the Executive holds the power to initiate, wage, and conclude warfare. This modern principle, which is irreconcilable with the intent of America’s Founders, is a problem that must be remedied. And while this problem may be most pronounced in the twenty-first century, a possible solution comes from the most unlikely of places: fourteenth century England. In the 1300s, England developed qui tam legislation, a novel legal …
Tax Incentives In Three Common Markets, Sarah Khaled Alsultan
Tax Incentives In Three Common Markets, Sarah Khaled Alsultan
Georgia Journal of International & Comparative Law
There are three approaches to dealing with tax incentives within common markets: permit them, limit them, or harmonize them. Broadly speaking, the United States (U.S.) follows the first approach, the European Union (EU) adopts the second, and the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) pursues the third by harmonizing some tax incentives, particularly those offered to the industrial sector. Unlike the U.S. and EU common markets, where incentives have gained significant scholarly attention, no academic literature exists on the legal framework of tax incentives in GCC common market. This work attempts to compensate for this insufficiency in scholarship and compares the three …
Constitutionalism In The Land Of The Peaceful Thunder Dragon: The Kingdom Of Bhutan's Marbury Moment, Markus G. Puder, Ngawang Choden
Constitutionalism In The Land Of The Peaceful Thunder Dragon: The Kingdom Of Bhutan's Marbury Moment, Markus G. Puder, Ngawang Choden
Georgia Journal of International & Comparative Law
No abstract provided.
Hiv No Longer A Death Sentence But Still A Life Sentence: The Constitutionality Of Hiv Criminalization Under The Eighth Amendment, Lauren Taylor
Hiv No Longer A Death Sentence But Still A Life Sentence: The Constitutionality Of Hiv Criminalization Under The Eighth Amendment, Lauren Taylor
Georgia Law Review
When the HIV/AIDS epidemic began in the 1980s in the United States, there was mass confusion and hysteria regarding HIV transmission and prevention, leading many states to enact HIV criminalization statutes to prosecute persons living with HIV who either exposed another person to HIV or put someone in danger of being exposed to HIV. Yet, almost forty years later, these statutes are still used to criminalize and control the behaviors of people living with HIV, and in some cases, impose lengthy prison sentences hinging on the possibility of exposure. These HIV criminalization statutes and subsequent criminal cases often do not …
The Gig Economy’S Short Reach: An Analysis Of The Scope Of The Federal Arbitration Act’S “Transportation Worker” Exemption, Emina Sadic Herzberger
The Gig Economy’S Short Reach: An Analysis Of The Scope Of The Federal Arbitration Act’S “Transportation Worker” Exemption, Emina Sadic Herzberger
Georgia Law Review
The Federal Arbitration Act (FAA) governs arbitration agreements in the United States. Section 1 of the FAA provides an exemption from arbitration for “contracts of employment of seamen, railroad employees, or any other class of workers engaged in foreign or interstate commerce.” In a 2001 decision, Circuit City Stores, Inc. v. Adams, the U.S. Supreme Court held that the residual phrase “any other class of workers engaged in foreign or interstate commerce” includes transportation workers. But, such language is ambiguous, and the Supreme Court did not expound upon what it means to be a transportation worker or to be engaged …
Fundamental Rights Or Hand-Me-Down Restrictions: The Specter Of Sumptuary Law In Clothing Expression Doctrines Of The U.K., The U.S., & Canada, Taran Harmon-Walker
Fundamental Rights Or Hand-Me-Down Restrictions: The Specter Of Sumptuary Law In Clothing Expression Doctrines Of The U.K., The U.S., & Canada, Taran Harmon-Walker
Georgia Journal of International & Comparative Law
No abstract provided.
Invoke Your Right To Remain Silent After You Confess: Self-Reporting Regulations And Potential Conflicts With International Law Prohibiting Compulsory Self-Incrimination, Patrick Testa
Georgia Journal of International & Comparative Law
No abstract provided.
Bird's-Eye View: A Comparative Examination Of Drone Regulation Through The Lens Of Privacy Protection, Allison Mcgregor
Bird's-Eye View: A Comparative Examination Of Drone Regulation Through The Lens Of Privacy Protection, Allison Mcgregor
Georgia Journal of International & Comparative Law
No abstract provided.
Catalytic Courts And Enforcement Of Constitutional Education Funding Provisions, Hugh Spitzer, Andy Omara
Catalytic Courts And Enforcement Of Constitutional Education Funding Provisions, Hugh Spitzer, Andy Omara
Georgia Journal of International & Comparative Law
It is well-recognized that it is easier for judges to enforce constitutional “negative rights” provisions than positive social and economic rights. This article focuses on the challenges of enforcing one specific positive right: the constitutional right of children to attend adequately funded schools. Our article tests on-the-ground judicial implementation of education funding provisions against the general theoretical framework of judicial interaction with the political branches developed by Katharine Young. We analyze how, in multi-year, multi-decision litigation, constitutional court judges in the three jurisdictions we studied actively experimented with the challenging task of forcing, or enticing, reluctant legislative and executive branches …
Finding Original Public Meaning, James Macleod
Finding Original Public Meaning, James Macleod
Georgia Law Review
Textualists seek to interpret statutes consistent with their “original public meaning” (OPM). To find it, they ask an avowedly empirical question: how would ordinary readers have understood the statute’s terms at the time of their enactment? But as the Supreme Court’s decision in Bostock v. Clayton County highlights, merely asking an empirical question doesn’t preclude interpretive controversy. In considering how Title VII applies to LGBT people, the Bostock majority and dissents vehemently disagreed over the statute’s bar on discrimination “because of sex”—each side claiming that OPM clearly supported its interpretation. So who, if anyone, was right? And how can textualists’ …
Squaring A Circle: Advice And Consent, Faithful Execution, And The Vacancies Reform Act, Ronald J. Krotoszynski, Atticus Deprospo
Squaring A Circle: Advice And Consent, Faithful Execution, And The Vacancies Reform Act, Ronald J. Krotoszynski, Atticus Deprospo
Georgia Law Review
Successive presidents have interpreted the Federal
Vacancies Reform Act of 1998 to authorize the appointment of
principal officers on a temporary basis. Despite serving in a
mere “acting” capacity and without the Senate’s approval, these
acting principal officers nevertheless wield the full powers of
the office. The best argument in favor of this constitutionally
dubious practice is that an acting principal officer is not really
a “principal officer” under the U.S. Constitution because she
only serves for a limited period. Although not facially specious,
this claim elides the most important legal fact: an acting
principal officer may exercise the full …
Some Objections To Strict Liability For Constitutional Torts, Michael L. Wells
Some Objections To Strict Liability For Constitutional Torts, Michael L. Wells
Georgia Law Review
Qualified immunity protects officials from damages for
constitutional violations unless they have violated “clearly
established” rights. Local governments enjoy no immunity, but
they may not be sued on a vicarious liability theory for
constitutional violations committed by their employees. Critics
of the current regime would overturn these rules in order to
vindicate constitutional rights and deter violations. This
Article argues that across-the-board abolition of these limits on
liability would be unwise as the costs would outweigh the
benefits. In some contexts, however, exceptions may be justified.
Much of the recent controversy surrounding qualified
immunity involves suits in which police officers …
Speak Up, Or Not: Lack Of Freedom Of Speech Protection In Vietnam, Its Global Impact, And Proposed Solutions For Adequate Remedies, H. Grant Doan
Speak Up, Or Not: Lack Of Freedom Of Speech Protection In Vietnam, Its Global Impact, And Proposed Solutions For Adequate Remedies, H. Grant Doan
Georgia Journal of International & Comparative Law
No abstract provided.
Threats To The Rule Of Law In Africa, John Mukum Mbaku
Threats To The Rule Of Law In Africa, John Mukum Mbaku
Georgia Journal of International & Comparative Law
No abstract provided.
Book A Stay And Win U.S. Citizenship: Examining Birth Tourism As A Business Subject To Federal Regulatory Controls, Nicole Marie Laudick
Book A Stay And Win U.S. Citizenship: Examining Birth Tourism As A Business Subject To Federal Regulatory Controls, Nicole Marie Laudick
Georgia Journal of International & Comparative Law
No abstract provided.
You Made Gideon A Promise, Eh?: Advocating For Mandated Publicly Appointed Counsel At Bail Hearings In The United States Through Domestic Comparisons With Canadian Practices And Legal Considerations, Lauren Elizabeth Lisauskas
You Made Gideon A Promise, Eh?: Advocating For Mandated Publicly Appointed Counsel At Bail Hearings In The United States Through Domestic Comparisons With Canadian Practices And Legal Considerations, Lauren Elizabeth Lisauskas
Georgia Journal of International & Comparative Law
No abstract provided.
The Inherent And Supervisory Power, Jeffrey C. Dobbins
The Inherent And Supervisory Power, Jeffrey C. Dobbins
Georgia Law Review
Parties to litigation expect courts to operate both
predictably and fairly. A core part of this expectation is
the presence of codified rules of procedure, which ensure
fairness while constraining, and making more
predictable, the ebb and flow of litigation.
Within the courts of this country, however, there is a
font of authority over procedure that courts often turn to
in circumstances when they claim that there is no
written guidance. This authority, referred to as the
“inherent” or “supervisory” power of courts, is an almost
pure expression of a court’s exercise of discretion in that
it gives courts the …
Public Rights, Private Privileges, And Article Iii, John Harrison
Public Rights, Private Privileges, And Article Iii, John Harrison
Georgia Law Review
PUBLIC RIGHTS, PRIVATE PRIVILEGES, AND ARTICLE III John Harrison* This Article addresses the constitutional justification for adjudication by executive agencies that rests on the presence of a public right. The public rights rationale originated in the nineteenth century and was for many decades the dominant explanation for the performance of adjudicative functions by executive agencies. The U.S. Supreme Court most recently relied on that rationale in Oil States Energy Services v. Greene’s Energy Group in 2018. In light of the Court’s interest in the nineteenth century system, this Article explores that system in depth and seeks to identify the ways …
The Challenges Of Water Governance (And Privatization) In China; Normative Traps, Gaps, And Prospects, Xu Qian
Georgia Journal of International & Comparative Law
No abstract provided.
Building Integration Through The Bill Of Rights? The European Union At The Mirror, Graziella Romeo
Building Integration Through The Bill Of Rights? The European Union At The Mirror, Graziella Romeo
Georgia Journal of International & Comparative Law
No abstract provided.
Intergovernmental Federalism Disputes, Lochlan F. Shelfer
Intergovernmental Federalism Disputes, Lochlan F. Shelfer
Georgia Law Review
Constitutional litigation is increasingly being waged
between governments, in both suits between a state and
the United States, and suits between two or more states.
The jurisdictionof the Federalcourts to hear such suits,
however, is disputed. The Supreme Court's cases are
famously difficult to reconcile, with some denying
jurisdiction and other seemingly identical cases
addressing the merits without discussing jurisdiction.
Some scholars have argued that intergovernmental
disputes over political jurisdiction historically are not
justiciableand that it is constitutionally illegitimate for
the Court to hear them. Recently, some scholars have
argued that the Court should hear such cases, but have
assumed …
Constitutional Preservation And The Judicial Review Of Partisan Gerrymanders, Edward B. Foley
Constitutional Preservation And The Judicial Review Of Partisan Gerrymanders, Edward B. Foley
Georgia Law Review
This Essay makes three contributions to the debate
over whether the Constitution contains a judicially
enforceable constrain on gerrymanders. First,it directly
tackles the Chief Justice'sfear of thejudiciaryappearing
partisan,observing that the same fear would exist if the
Constitution explicitly banned gerrymanders and
explaining why an implicit ban should be no less
judicially enforceable than an explicit ban under
Marbury v. Madison. Second, invoking the idea of
"institutional forbearance" in the important new book
How Democracies Die, the Essay shows how the
Elections Clause can be construed to protect
congressional districting from abuses of legislative
discretion committed by state legislatures. Together,
these …
Holding Supporters Of Terrorism Accountable: The Exercise Of General Jurisdiction Over The Pa And Plo In A Post-Daimler Framework, Mark D. Christopher
Holding Supporters Of Terrorism Accountable: The Exercise Of General Jurisdiction Over The Pa And Plo In A Post-Daimler Framework, Mark D. Christopher
Georgia Journal of International & Comparative Law
No abstract provided.
You Have The Right To Free Speech: Retaliatory Arrests And The Pretext Of Probable Cause, Katherine G. Howard
You Have The Right To Free Speech: Retaliatory Arrests And The Pretext Of Probable Cause, Katherine G. Howard
Georgia Law Review
An important question about an individual's First
Amendment freedoms arises when a citizen or journalist is
arrested while verbally challenging, filming, or writing
about police actions. Did the police officer have legitimate
law enforcement reasons for the arrest, or was the arrest in
retaliationfor engaging in First Amendment activities the
officer did not like? Courts have grappled with the best
way to resolve this question, often importing the Fourth
Amendment's bright-line rule about probable cause into
analyses of FirstAmendment retaliatoryarrest claims and
barringthose claims were the officer had probable cause to
arrest. This Note argues that when retaliatory arrest
claims …
Trans-Lating The Eighth Amendment Standard: The First Circuit's Denial Of A Transgender Prisoner's Constitutional Right To Medical Treatment, Bethany L. Edmondson
Trans-Lating The Eighth Amendment Standard: The First Circuit's Denial Of A Transgender Prisoner's Constitutional Right To Medical Treatment, Bethany L. Edmondson
Georgia Law Review
In December of 2014, the First Circuit Court of Appeals
held, en banc, that the Massachusetts Department of
Corrections was not constitutionally obligated to provide
Michelle Kosilek, a transgender prisoner, with sexual
reassignment surgery. Kosilek sued the prison, arguing
that her Eighth Amendment rights against cruel and
unusual punishment were violated. The First Circuit held
that Kosilek did not have a serious medical need, due to
the prison's alternative treatment, and that the prison was
not deliberately indifferent to that need. This Note argues
that the First Circuit erred in applying the "serious
medical need" prong of the cruel and …
Originalism And Level Of Generality, Peter J. Smith
Originalism And Level Of Generality, Peter J. Smith
Georgia Law Review
Even if one concedes that the meaning of the
Constitution today is its original meaning, at what level of
generality should one seek that meaning? In considering
whether bans on same-sex marriageviolate the Fourteenth
Amendment, for example, should we seek to determine how
the framers of the Amendment would have answered that
question, or should we instead seek to discern the broad
principle-perhaps "equality" or "no caste-like
discrimination"-that the Amendment objectively
incorporated, even if application of that principle today
might produce results that the framers would not have
anticipated? The level of generality at which we ask the
question almost …
The Original Meaning Of "Emoluments" In The Constitution, Robert G. Natelson
The Original Meaning Of "Emoluments" In The Constitution, Robert G. Natelson
Georgia Law Review
THE ORIGINAL MEANING OF
"EMOLUMENTS" IN THE CONSTITUTION
Robert G. Natelson*
This Article explores the original meaning of the
word "Emolument(s)" in the Constitution. It identifies
four common definitions in founding-era political
discourse. It places the constitutional use within its
context as part of a larger reform movement in Britain
and America and as driven by other historical events.
The Article examines how the word was employed in
contemporaneous reform measures, in official
congressional and state documents, in the
constitutional debates, and in the constitutional text.
The author concludes that the three appearances of
"emoluments" in the Constitution had a …