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Articles 1 - 30 of 195
Full-Text Articles in Law
Second-Class Administrative Law: Lincoln V. Vigil'S Puzzling Presumption Of Unreviewability, Matthew B. Lawrence
Second-Class Administrative Law: Lincoln V. Vigil'S Puzzling Presumption Of Unreviewability, Matthew B. Lawrence
Faculty Articles
Administrative law ordinarily presumes that someone hurt by “arbitrary and capricious” agency action may seek relief in federal court unless Congress says otherwise. Administrative law does the opposite, however, when the harmful agency action happens to be one “allocating a lump-sum appropriation” (whatever that means). When it comes to spending programs that courts deem to fit in this ill-defined category, agency actions are presumptively immune from judicial review, insulated from the safeguards of administrative law no matter how arbitrary.
This Article looks behind the superficial, technocratic simplicity of the presumption of unreviewability through a novel, person-sensitive study of its origins …
Interpreting The Administrative Procedure Act: A Literature Review, Christopher J. Walker, Scott Macguidwin
Interpreting The Administrative Procedure Act: A Literature Review, Christopher J. Walker, Scott Macguidwin
Law & Economics Working Papers
The modern administrative state has changed substantially since Congress enacted the Administrative Procedure Act (APA) in 1946. Yet Congress has done little to modernize the APA in those intervening seventy-seven years. That does not mean the APA has remained unchanged. Federal courts have substantially refashioned the APA’s requirements for administrative procedure and judicial review of agency action. Perhaps unsurprisingly, calls to return to either the statutory text or the original meaning (or both) have intensified in recent years. “APA originalism” projects abound.
As part of the Notre Dame Law Review’s Symposium on the History of the Ad- ministrative Procedure Act …
Vacatur, Nationwide Injunctions, And The Evolving Apa, Ronald M. Levin
Vacatur, Nationwide Injunctions, And The Evolving Apa, Ronald M. Levin
Scholarship@WashULaw
The courts’ growing use of universal or nationwide injunctions to invalidate agency rules that they find to be unlawful has given rise to concern that such injunctions circumvent dialogue among the circuits, promote forum-shopping, and leave too much power in the hands of individual judges. Some scholars, joined by the Department of Justice, have argued that such judicial decisions should be limited through restrictive interpretations of the Administrative Procedure Act (APA).
This article takes issue with these authorities. It argues that the courts’ use of the APA to vacate a rule as a whole—as opposed to merely enjoining application of …
Interpreting The Administrative Procedure Act: A Literature Review, Christopher J. Walker
Interpreting The Administrative Procedure Act: A Literature Review, Christopher J. Walker
Articles
The modern administrative state has changed substantially since Congress enacted the Administrative Procedure Act (APA) in 1946. Yet Congress has done little to modernize the APA in those intervening seventy-seven years. That does not mean the APA has remained unchanged. Federal courts have substantially refashioned the APA’s requirements for administrative procedure and judicial review of agency action. Perhaps unsurprisingly, calls to return to either the statutory text or the original meaning (or both) have intensified in recent years. “APA originalism” projects abound.
As part of the Notre Dame Law Review’s Symposium on the History of the Administrative Procedure Act and …
Loper Bright And The Future Of Chevron Deference, Jack M. Beermann
Loper Bright And The Future Of Chevron Deference, Jack M. Beermann
Faculty Scholarship
The question presented in Loper Bright Industries v. Raimondo1 is “[w]hether the Court should overrule Chevron or at least clarify that statutory silence concerning controversial powers expressly but narrowly granted elsewhere in the statute does not constitute an ambiguity requiring deference to the agency.” The Court denied certiorari on another question focused on the merits of the case,2 indicating that at least four of the Justices are anxious to revisit or at least clarify Chevron. It’s about time, although it’s far from certain that the Court will actually follow through with the promise the certiorari grant indicates.3 …
Power Corrupts, Emily Bremer
Power Corrupts, Emily Bremer
Journal Articles
Administrative law today neglects administration, focusing instead on power and the institutions that wield it, particularly the Supreme Court, the president, and Congress. Tracing the field’s reorientation—from the New Deal–era cases that revealed the thin political will behind the Administrative Procedure Act to the emergence of the Chevron doctrine—this paper argues that administrative law’s obsession with power corrupts the field.
The Importance Of Looking Under The 'Administrative Hood': A Case Study Of The National Waters Protection Rule, Nicholas S. Bryner, Victor Byers Flatt
The Importance Of Looking Under The 'Administrative Hood': A Case Study Of The National Waters Protection Rule, Nicholas S. Bryner, Victor Byers Flatt
Journal Articles
In an era of legislative gridlock, policy by administrative action has expanded, with major swings occurring when the political party of the presidency changes. These policy disputes have spilled into the third branch with a concomitant increase in legal challenges seeking judicial review of such actions. At the same time, both Republican and Democratic Administrations have made cost-benefit analysis the currency of federal rulemaking in the executive branch.
The combination of the expansion of cost-benefit analysis and the increased litigation over rulemaking has increased the importance of economic and scientific justifications in both the promulgation and revision of administrative actions. …
The Force Of Law After Kisor, Beau J. Baumann
The Evolving Apa And The Originalist Challenge, Ronald M. Levin
The Evolving Apa And The Originalist Challenge, Ronald M. Levin
Scholarship@WashULaw
This article, written for a symposium marking the seventy-fifth anniversary of the Administrative Procedure Act (APA), discusses the manifold ways in which courts have creatively interpreted the APA’s provisions on rulemaking, adjudication, and judicial review. Many of these interpretations seem to be barely, if at all, consistent with the intentions of the Act’s drafters and with standard principles of statutory construction. They can, however, be defended as pragmatic judicial efforts to keep up with the evolving needs of the regulatory state, especially in light of Congress’s persistent failure to take charge of updating the Act on its own. At this …
Requiring The Executive To Turn Square Corners: The Supreme Court Increases Agency Accountability In Department Of Homeland Security V. Regents Of The University Of California, Claudia J. Bernstein
Requiring The Executive To Turn Square Corners: The Supreme Court Increases Agency Accountability In Department Of Homeland Security V. Regents Of The University Of California, Claudia J. Bernstein
Dickinson Law Review (2017-Present)
Administrative agencies frequently promulgate rules that have dramatic effects on peoples’ lives. Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals (“DACA”) is one such example. DACA grants certain unlawful immigrants a temporary reprieve from deportation, as well as ancillary benefits such as work permits. In 2017, the Department of Homeland Security (“DHS”) sought to rescind DACA on the basis that the program violates the Immigration and Nationality Act.
This Comment analyzes the recent Supreme Court decision about DACA’s recission in Department of Homeland Security v. Regents of University of California. In rejecting DHS’s attempt to rescind DACA, the Court strengthened agency accountability …
Introduction To The Bremer-Kovacs Collection: Historic Documents Related To The Administrative Procedure Act Of 1946 (Heinonline 2021), Emily S. Bremer, Kathryn E. Kovacs
Introduction To The Bremer-Kovacs Collection: Historic Documents Related To The Administrative Procedure Act Of 1946 (Heinonline 2021), Emily S. Bremer, Kathryn E. Kovacs
Journal Articles
Few statutes have a legislative history as rich, varied, and sprawling as the Administrative Procedure Act of 1946 (APA). In recent years, courts and scholars have shown increased interest in understanding this history. This is no mean feat. The APA’s history spans nearly two decades, and it includes numerous failed bills, a presidential veto, and a full panoply of congressional documents. In addition, much of the most crucial documentation underlying the APA was produced outside of Congress—by the executive branch—and even outside of government—by the American Bar Association. Identifying and locating all the relevant documents is difficult. Understanding each piece …
Racial Justice And Administrative Procedure, Sophia Z. Lee
Racial Justice And Administrative Procedure, Sophia Z. Lee
All Faculty Scholarship
This article argues that commemorating the Administrative Procedure Act (APA) should involve accounting for the role it has played in both advancing and thwarting racial justice, as well as the role racial justice advocates have played in shaping its interpretation. The APA was not designed to advance racial justice; indeed, its provisions insulated some of the mid-twentieth century's most racially pernicious policies from challenge. Yet racial justice advocates have long understood that administrative agencies could be a necessary or even uniquely receptive target for their efforts and the APA shaped those calculations. Along the way, racial justice advocates left their …
Department Of Homeland Security V. Regents Of The University Of California And Its Implications, Brian Wolfman
Department Of Homeland Security V. Regents Of The University Of California And Its Implications, Brian Wolfman
Georgetown Law Faculty Publications and Other Works
The Trump Administration's effort to get rid of Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals, or DACA, failed before the Supreme Court in Department of Homeland Security v. Regents of the University of California, 140 S. Ct. 1891, 1896 (2020). In this essay -- based on a presentation given to an American Bar Association section in September 2020 -- I review DACA, the Supreme Court's decision, and its potential legal implications.
The failure of the Trump Administration to eliminate DACA may have had significant political consequences, and it surely had immediate and momentous consequences for many of DACA’s hundreds of thousands …
Gundy V. United States: How Justice Gorsuch’S Dissent And Changing Judicial Philosophy In Federal Courts May Lead To A Revived Nondelegation Doctrine And Diminish The Purpose Of The Administrative Procedure Act, Zachary Pfrang Olvera
St. Mary's Law Journal
Abstract forthcoming.
The Apa And The Assault On Deference, Ronald Levin
The Apa And The Assault On Deference, Ronald Levin
Scholarship@WashULaw
Recently, in Kisor v. Wilkie, a concurring opinion by Justice Gorsuch argued at length that § 706 of the Administrative Procedure Act prohibits judicial deference to administrative interpretations of law. That section states that “the reviewing court shall decide all relevant questions of law.” This issue remained unresolved in Kisor, but the Supreme Court may well return to it soon as a potential argument against the validity of Chevron deference. Although a substantial academic literature has supported Gorsuch’s position on the APA question, this article disagrees with it. It argues that the text of § 706, surrounding statutory provisions, the …
The D.C. Circuit Undermines Direct Final Rulemaking, Ronald Levin
The D.C. Circuit Undermines Direct Final Rulemaking, Ronald Levin
Scholarship@WashULaw
Twenty-five years ago, the Administrative Conference of the United States (ACUS) brought the technique of “direct final rulemaking” to the attention of the administrative law community. Since that time, agencies have used the technique thousands of times to adopt noncontroversial regulations on an expedited basis. But its legality depends on a creative reading of the Administrative Procedure Act (APA). A recent D.C. Circuit case, applying the APA in a manner that overlooked the distinctive features of this device, has exposed this vulnerability and may well have seriously undermined the viability of the practice.
This column criticizes a case that came …
The Regulatory Accoutability Act Loses Steam But The Trump Executive Order On Alj Selection Upturned 71 Years Of Practice, Jeffery S. Lubbers
The Regulatory Accoutability Act Loses Steam But The Trump Executive Order On Alj Selection Upturned 71 Years Of Practice, Jeffery S. Lubbers
Chicago-Kent Law Review
No abstract provided.
Comments On Executive Ruilemaking And Democratic Legitimacy: "Reform" In The United States And The United Kingdom's Brexit Bt Susan Rose-Ackerman, Nicholas Almendares
Comments On Executive Ruilemaking And Democratic Legitimacy: "Reform" In The United States And The United Kingdom's Brexit Bt Susan Rose-Ackerman, Nicholas Almendares
Chicago-Kent Law Review
No abstract provided.
The Trump Administration Versus The Administrative State: A Response To Professor Buzbee's Deregulatory Splintering, Rebecca Bratspies
The Trump Administration Versus The Administrative State: A Response To Professor Buzbee's Deregulatory Splintering, Rebecca Bratspies
Chicago-Kent Law Review
No abstract provided.
Response To William W. Buzbee, Deregulatory Splintering: What Might The Other Side Say?, Todd D. Rakoff
Response To William W. Buzbee, Deregulatory Splintering: What Might The Other Side Say?, Todd D. Rakoff
Chicago-Kent Law Review
No abstract provided.
Progressive Textualism In Administrative Law, Kathryn E. Kovacs
Progressive Textualism In Administrative Law, Kathryn E. Kovacs
Michigan Law Review Online
Nicholas Bagley’s article The Procedure Fetish is destined to be a classic. In it, Bagley systematically dismantles administrative law’s obsession with procedure. He decimates the arguments that procedure is necessary to legit-imize the administrative state and avoid agency capture. He nullifies the con-tention that administrative law is neutral by showing how proceduralism inhibits regulation and “favors a libertarian agenda over a progressive one.” Bagley urges progressives to abandon “gauzy claims about legitimacy and accountability” and approach procedure with skepticism.
The Procedure Fetish addresses the normative question of what adminis-trative law ought to require. Bagley writes about how progressives should solve …
Pepperdine University School Of Law Legal Summaries, Analise Nuxoll
Pepperdine University School Of Law Legal Summaries, Analise Nuxoll
Journal of the National Association of Administrative Law Judiciary
No abstract provided.
Mending Holes In The Rule Of (Administrative) Law, Evan J. Criddle
Mending Holes In The Rule Of (Administrative) Law, Evan J. Criddle
Evan J. Criddle
No abstract provided.
Fiduciary Administration: Rethinking Popular Representation In Agency Rulemaking, Evan J. Criddle
Fiduciary Administration: Rethinking Popular Representation In Agency Rulemaking, Evan J. Criddle
Evan J. Criddle
Do administrative agencies undermine popular sovereignty when they make federal law? Over the last several decades, some scholars have argued that rulemaking by unelected agency officials imperils popular sovereignty and that federal law should resolve the apparent tension between regulatory practice and democratic principle by allowing the President to serve as a proxy for the "will of the people" in the administrative state. According to this view, placing federal rulemaking power firmly within the President's managerial control would advance popular preferences throughout the federal system.
This conventional wisdom is misguided. As political scientists have long recognized, the electorate's relative disengagement …
Slip Slidin' Away: The Erosion Of Apa Adjudication, William Funk
Slip Slidin' Away: The Erosion Of Apa Adjudication, William Funk
Journal of the National Association of Administrative Law Judiciary
Although the enactment of the Administrative Procedure Act (APA) was intended to establish a uniform set of procedures applicable to adjudications "required by statute to be determined on the record after opportunity for an agency hearing," agencies have long sought to avoid those procedures, and, in particular, Administrative Law Judges, by substituting informal, non-APA adjudications. Over time, the courts have accelerated this substitution through a misapplication of three Supreme Court opinions. This article describes the original understanding of the APA and how that original understanding has been eroded over the years. The article then asks whether this is a problem …
Examining The Administrative Unworkability Of Final Agency Action Doctrine As Applied To The Native American Graves Protection And Repatriation Act, Adam Gerken
Michigan Journal of Environmental & Administrative Law
The application of the Administrative Procedure Act (“APA”) to the Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act (“NAGPRA”) creates unique practical and doctrinal results. When considering the application of the current law concerning judicial review of final agency action under the APA to NAGPRA, it is evident that the law is simultaneously arbitrary and unclear. In the Ninth Circuit’s holding in Navajo Nation v. U.S. Department of the Interior, the Court applied final agency action doctrine in a manner that was legally correct but administratively unworkable. The Court’s opinion contravenes both the reasoning behind the APA final agency action …
Deregulatory Splintering, William W. Buzbee
Deregulatory Splintering, William W. Buzbee
Chicago-Kent Law Review
When new administrations arrive and consider agency policy changes, they often must choose what actions to take in court or through regulatory process. They may seek to stay an existing regulation, rescind, or possibly replace it. This article assesses strategic uses of, and responses to, agencies that pursue deregulatory rollbacks through a splintered series of steps. Through such splintering, agencies sometimes seek to avoid direct apples-to-apples comparison of the baseline regulation and new proposal, also often squelching opportunities for comment. They may seek to achieve a deregulatory outcome without the full process, disclosure, and reason-giving that ordinarily must accompanying any …
Executive Rulemaking And Democratic Legitimacy: "Reform" In The United States And The United Kingdom's Route To Brexit, Susan Rose-Ackerman
Executive Rulemaking And Democratic Legitimacy: "Reform" In The United States And The United Kingdom's Route To Brexit, Susan Rose-Ackerman
Chicago-Kent Law Review
Established public law principles are under strain from the prospect of Brexit in the United Kingdom and the Trump Administration in the United States. In the United Kingdom the Parliament is playing an increasingly important role in overseeing the Government, and the judiciary is beginning to support democratic accountability in executive policymaking. In the United States, possible statutory changes and the power of the president to reshape the public administration are of concern. Although in the United States the most draconian measures will likely die with the return of the House to Democratic Party control, they may remain on the …
The Regulatory Accountability Act And The Future Of Apa Revision, Ronald M. Levin
The Regulatory Accountability Act And The Future Of Apa Revision, Ronald M. Levin
Chicago-Kent Law Review
This article seeks to take stock of the Regulatory Accountability Act (RAA), a set of proposals to amend the Administrative Procedure Act (APA). House and Senate versions of the proposed Act have been pending in Congress since 2011, although the impending advent of Democratic control of the House may halt further progress on the bills in their present form. Some provisions in the RAA are desirable or at least supportable, because they would codify elements of current practice or make minor repairs to the APA. But other aspects of the bill are controversial and troubling. Among them are sections that …
The Winter Of Discontent: A Circumscribed Chevron, Nicholas R. Bednar
The Winter Of Discontent: A Circumscribed Chevron, Nicholas R. Bednar
Mitchell Hamline Law Review
No abstract provided.