Engineering Commons^™

Modeling, Simulation, And Validation Of Process-Structure-Property Relationships In Fused Filament Fabrication, Aaron Grant

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

As additive manufacturing (AM) grows in popularity, the need for better simulation tools to predict the process-structure-property relationships of AM parts becomes ever more necessary to employ the technology in design of functional parts with varying degrees of complexity and performance requirements. Many simulation tools and techniques have been developed that aim to achieve this goal, and the main purpose of this research is to explore how well different simulation tools and modeling approaches can capture various AM-specific features such as inter-raster and end-of raster voids, and residual stresses induced by dissimilar rates of thermal expansion. Process simulation of fused …

Utilization Of Low-Lime Calcium Silicate In Hydrated And Carbonated Cementitious Materials, Mohammad Rakibul Islam Khan

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

This study investigated the potential application of wollastonite as a cementitious material in both hydrated and carbonated binder systems. Wollastonite is naturally occurring low-lime calcium silicate (CaO.SiO₂) mineral with a substantially lower carbon footprint compared to the ordinary Portland cement (OPC). The first part of this work presented the application of wollastonite as partial replacement of OPC in traditional hydrated cement-concrete system. Second part of this work evaluated the properties of carbonation activated binder produced using wollastonite as the primary ingredient.

For the first part of the thesis, ground wollastonite with 3.5 µm and 9 µm mean particle …

An Investigation On The Effects Of Cellulose Nanofibrils On The Performance Of Cement Based Composites, Hosain Haddad Kolour

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) are hydrophilic biodegradable nanoparticles (typically, less than 0.2 mm in length and 20-50 nm in width) that can be extracted from various plants, trees, and recycled paper stock. Their low density, low toxicity, relatively low cost, high aspect ratio, and high specific surface enable functionalization. In this work, the effects of CNFs on selected properties of cement paste, mortar, and concrete were investigated. For the cement pastes, rheology tests using a simple rheometer showed a reduction in workability as CNF dosage increased. Free shrinkage tests showed an increase in shrinkage at high w/c ratios but a decrease …

A Laboratory Investigation Of Cement Based Materials With Cellulose Nanofibers, Parivash Takasi

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Cellulose Nanofibers (CNFs) are used as additives in cement-based products to modify their properties. Recent studies about the effects of CNFs on cement paste showed inconsistent results for several different important properties, including compressive strength and free shrinkage. There is reason to believe that the unsystematic results of the compressive strengths were affected by the lack of uniform dispersion of CNFs. As a potential remedy, two different mixing methods were applied. The first method used a basic mixer, but aggregates were added to the cement paste mixture to improve the blending process. The second method utilized a high-speed shear mixer …

Rapid Prototyping To Roll-To-Roll Manufacturing Of Microfluidic Devices, Amber Lee Boutiette

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Microfluidics constitutes a widely applicable field of enabling technologies with great potential to revolutionize healthcare and biotechnology. The ability to miniaturize and parallelize processes with microfluidics is seen as a solution for many problems with diagnostics technologies and accessibility. Unfortunately, fabricating microfluidics often require extremely expensive, time consuming, and specialized high-precision methods, making both prototyping and commercial-scale mass manufacturing difficult to accomplish. In this work, we evaluate the feasibility of using a unique roll-to-roll (R2R) micropatterning manufacturing process coupled with Additive Manufacturing (3D printing) to rapidly prototype and produce microfluidic devices at high-volume on film or paper backings for applications …

Elucidation Of The Factors Affecting The Production And Properties Of Novel Wood Composites Made Using Renewable Nanomaterials As A Binder, Ezatollah Amini

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

A novel application of cellulose nanofibrils (CNF) as a binding agent is proposed. In this work the utilization of CNF as a complete replacement for the conventional resin-adhesives in the formulation of particleboard (PB) was evaluated. PB panels with varying CNF contents and target densities were produced using a two-step (i.e. cold and hot) pressing process. For initial evaluation, the mechanical and physical properties of the manufactured panels were determined. The need to remove a considerable amount of water from the wood particle (WP)-CNF mixture during cold pressing, motivated the study of the furnish dewatering behavior. Dewatering was assessed through …

Potable Water Leakage Prediction And Detection Using Geospatial Analysis, Jacob Tittle

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Due to increasing water treatment costs and conservation needs, traditional water loss analysis and acoustic leak detection methods are becoming heavily scrutinized by water utilities. This study explores water loss in Johnson City, Tennessee and how geospatial data analysis techniques improve water loss mitigation. This project uses sample water system pressure data and ordinary kriging spatial interpolation methods to identify leakage areas for further investigation. Analysis of existing geographic information system (GIS) water utility datasets with interpolated hydraulic grade values at sample water pressure points produce manageable survey areas that pinpoint areas with possible water leakage. Field detection methods, including …

Non-Invasive Detection And Assessment Of Coronary Stenosis From Blood Mean Residence Times., Javad Hashemi

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Coronary artery stenosis is an abnormal narrowing of a coronary artery caused by an atherosclerotic lesion that reduces lumen space. Fractional flow reserve (FFR) is the gold standard method to determine the severity of coronary stenosis based on the determination of rest and hyperemic pressure fields, but requires an invasive medical procedure. Normal FFR is 1.0 and FFR RT, to account for varying volume and flow rate of individual segments. Blood_RT was computed in 100 patients who had undergone the pressure-wire FFR procedure, and a threshold for Blood_RT was determined to assess the physiological significance of a stenosis, …

Simulation And Optimization Of A Multi-Agent System On Physical Internet Enabled Interconnected Urban Logistics., Long Zheng

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

An urban logistics system is composed of multiple agents, e.g., shippers, carriers, and distribution centers, etc., and multi-modal networks. The structure of Physical Internet (PI) transportation network is different from current logistics practices, and simulation can effectively model a series of PI-approach scenarios. In addition to the baseline model, three more scenarios are enacted based on different characteristics: shared trucks, shared hubs, and shared flows with other less-than-truckload shipments passing through the urban area. Five performance measures, i.e., truck distance per container, mean truck time per container, lead time, CO₂ emissions, and transport mean fill rate, are included in …

Stabilization Of Bimodal Colloidal Systems Via Nanoparticle Haloing In Microgravity., Luke Hawtrey

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Colloidal suspensions typically contain a multi-phase system of solid particles suspended in a liquid medium. Colloids are widely used in industrial applications such as inks, paints, motor oils, foods, cosmetics, and many more. Colloidal systems are typically formed by the interaction of the attractive van der Waals forces and one or more repulsive forces. These repulsive forces include electrostatic repulsion, steric hindrance, and nanoparticle haloing. Nanoparticle Haloing (NPH) is a phenomenon discovered in 2001 as a viable method to stabilize colloidal systems of uncharged silica microparticles using highly charged zirconia nanoparticles. For this thesis the effects of NPH were tested …

Exploratory Learning Activities In The Physics Classroom: Contrasting Cases Versus A Rich Dataset., Campbell Rightmyer Bego

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

In exploratory learning, students engage in an exploration activity on a new topic prior to instruction. This inversion of the traditional tell-then-practice order has been shown to benefit learning outcomes, especially conceptual knowledge and preparation for future learning, but not always. In three studies, the current work examines whether the type of exploration activity impacts learning mechanisms and outcomes, on the topic of gravitational field in undergraduate physics classrooms. Activities using either contrasting cases (CC) or a rich dataset (RD) are compared in two instructional orders, explore-first (EF) and instruct-first (IF). Learning outcomes measured procedural knowledge, conceptual knowledge, and performance …

Development Of Finite Element Techniques To Simulate Concrete-Filled Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Tube Structures, Hakeem S. Majeed

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

This dissertation presents the development of finite-element (FE) techniques to simulate the behavior of concrete-filled fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) tubes (CFFTs) in support of more effective structural design and analysis methods for buried composite arch bridges (BCABs) that use CFFT arches as main structural members. The research includes three specific topics to make contributions in different aspects of the investigation of these complex structures.

The first topic is the nonlinear three-dimensional FE modeling of steel-free CFFT splices. For model validation, comparisons were made between the model predictions and control beam and spliced beams with and without internal collars tested by …

Damage Resistance And Tolerance Of 3d Woven Composites, Justin T. Mcdermott

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Composite materials have been adopted into primary aircraft structures by virtue of their great strength-to-weight and stiffness-to-weight ratios, fatigue insensitivity, and corrosion resistance. These characteristics are leveraged by aircraft designers to deliver improved fuel effciency and reduced scheduled maintenance burdens for their customers. These benefits have been impressively realized in the Boeing 787 and Airbus A350 XWB, with airframes utilizing about 50% composites by weight. Tempering these successes, however, are the inherent vulnerabilities of carbon-fiber reinforced composites. When compared to conventional metallic structure, composite laminates are more sensitive to stress concentrations at mechanical fastenings and damage due to low-velocity impact. …

Development And Characterization Of A Biopolymer Direct-Write Process For 3d Microvascular Structures Formation., Xiaoming Fan

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Engineering of bulk tissues has been limited by the lack of nutrient and waste exchange in these tissues without an adjacent capillary network. To produce microvasculature, a scaffold must be produced that provides temporary mechanical support and stimulate endothelial cell adhesion, growth, and morphogenesis into a vessel. However, current well-established techniques for producing microvasculature, such as electrospinning, are limited since they lack both the precision to control fiber placement in three-dimensional space and the ability to create fiber networks with predefined diameters to replicate the physiological microvascular progression from arteriole to capillary to venule. Our group has developed a “Direct-write” …

Aisle Design For Order Picking Operations With Unit-Load Replenishment., Dominic Ian Sleigh

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The warehouse design problem has been addressed in the last decade with fewer constraints than ever before. Between optimization for unit load and order picking warehouses, the former has had extensively more research performed. Unit load optimization efforts have promised labor savings of 20-22%. Of the existing research for order-picking warehouses, only small improvements of less than 4% have been claimed. We propose the design optimization for order-picking warehouses requires consideration for inherently incurred unit load operations from pallet inbound activities, as well as forward-pick area replenishment. We perform experiments comparing optimization of aisle design using order picking data with …

Design And Development Of A Comprehensive And Interactive Diabetic Parameter Monitoring System - Betictrack, Nusrat Chowdhury

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

A novel, interactive Android app has been developed that monitors the health of type 2 diabetic patients in real-time, providing patients and their physicians with real-time feedback on all relevant parameters of diabetes. The app includes modules for recording carbohydrate intake and blood glucose; for reminding patients about the need to take medications on schedule; and for tracking physical activity, using movement data via Bluetooth from a pair of wearable insole devices. Two machine learning models were developed to detect seven physical activities: sitting, standing, walking, running, stair ascent, stair descent and use of elliptical trainers. The SVM and decision …

Modeling Response Of Water Quality To Land-Use And Climate Change In Lake Auburn, Me, Nicholas Messina

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Lake Auburn, Maine, USA, is a historically unproductive lake that has experienced multiple algal blooms since 2011. The lake is the water supply source for a population of ~60,000. We modeled past temperature, and concentrations of dissolved oxygen (DO) and phosphorus (P) in Lake Auburn by considering the watershed and internal contributions of P as well as atmospheric factors, and predicted the change in lake water quality in response to future climate and land-use changes. A stream hydrology and P-loading model (SimplyP) was used to generate input from two major tributaries into a lake model (MyLake) to simulate physical mixing, …

A Kinetic And Thermodynamic Model Of Ethylene Dichloride Pyrolysis., Travis J Czechorski

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Ethylene dichloride (EDC) is a precursor for the production of vinyl chloride (VCM) which is subsequently polymerized to form polyvinyl chloride (PVC). To convert EDC to VCM, EDC undergoes a pyrolysis process in the absence of oxygen at temperatures exceeding 500C. However, process yields are limited by the uncontrolled production of side-products that can degrade the quality of PVC and poison the reactor. Thus, tight process controls and costly separations guided by heuristics and plant operator experience are used to optimize EDC pyrolysis. To improve the process, I have programed a kinetic model of EDC pyrolysis based upon estimations of …

Methane Production Using Photocatalytic Degradation Byproducts From Black Liquor, Christina Joy Jung

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The focus of this thesis was on the production of methane from black liquor (BL) using a two-step degradation process; that being, photocatalytic pretreatment of BL followed by anaerobic digestion. Photocatalytic degradation efficiency was optimised based on the following factors: lignin type (BL, black liquor with sulfide removal (BL-S), alkaline lignin (AL), and sodium lignosulfonate (LS)), lignin concentration (500 and 1000 mg COD/L), catalyst type (titanium dioxide (TiO2) and reduced graphene oxide titanium dioxide nanotubes (RGO TNT)), and initial concentration of strong oxidizing agent (0, 0.001, 0.005, and 0.01 mol/L of H2O2). The process efficiency was evaluated based on biodegradation …

Development Of An Electrical Interface For A Lateral Field Excited Sensor System, Thomas J. Leighton

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Sensor systems are utilized to provide critical information to an end user which may range from a physician in a heath care facility to a soldier in a battle field environment. The "heart" of the sensor system is the sensing platform, examples of which include semiconductor, piezoelectric and optical devices. The responses of these sensors must be converted into a format that the user can read and interpret. This conversion is achieved through integrating the sensing platform with an electrical interface.

The focus of this thesis is the development of the first electrical interface for Quartz Crystal Microbalance (QCM) sensors …

Development Of A Hybrid Thermoplastic Composite And Concrete Deck System, Benjamin T. Smith

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Reinforced concrete is a widely used structural system in conventional construction. It is used to create beams, columns, slabs, walls, bridge decks, dams, and many other structures. Concrete is a relatively inexpensive material that is much stronger in compression than in tension. This leads to the need to combine concrete with other materials to make an efficient hybrid structure. In conventional construction, steel reinforcing bars (rebar) are often used to carry the tension in the structure, as they are widely available and their design is well understood. There are some situations where rebar is not effective such as highly corrosive …

Characterization Of Nano-Cellulose Based Composites For Biomedical Applications, Mitchell P. Chesley

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The number of orthopedic surgeries performed globally has steadily increased over the past decade due to the standardization of procedures as well as technological advancements. During this time orthopedic devices have been composed predominantly of metals, such as Titanium, Vanadium, Molybdenum, and Stainless steel, as well as their alloys, due to the high strength and durability of these materials. However, metals may, in fact, be suboptimal for orthopedic devices. For example, metals exhibit Young’s modulus much greater than the surrounding bone, inducing localized stress-shielding promoting cortical atrophy, which can lead to osteoporosis. In recent years polymers have been successfully explored …

Design, Analysis, And Optimization Of Compactible Origami-Inspired Shelters, Anthony M. Verzoni

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Origami-inspired design is a growing field with numerous engineering applications, including rapidly compactable and erectable shelters with nondeformed flat panels, which are considered in this research. Shelter geometry is controlled by the shape, size, and connectivity of individual panels that must fold and unfold in a kinematically compliant manner resulting in no panel intersection. Panel size and shape are altered to yield shelter designs with varying volumetric capacities. Thin panels are initially used to study the kinematics of shelter concepts as traditional origami. With increasing panel thickness, the location of fold or hinge lines exerts a large influence on the …

Design, Construction And Application Of A Home-Built, Two-Photon Microscope, William P. Breeding

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Two-photon microscopy (TPM) is a powerful, versatile imaging modality for the study of biological systems. This thesis overviews the relevant physics involved in TPM, design considerations and process of constructing a home-built, two-photon microscope, and provides a set of procedures to operate the system. Furthermore, this work explores several applications of TPM through the study of single-cell metabolism and imaging the cellular-material interface. Explored in particular depth was the imaging of cellulose nanofiber (CNF) materials, with the goal of understanding the three-dimensional nature of fibroblast cell growth when embedded within the materials. This work uncovered several optical properties of CNF, …

Cellulose Nanofibrils (Cnf) For Textile Applications: Production Of Neat Cnf Filaments And Reinforcement Of Natural Fiber Yarns, Shokoofeh Ghasemi

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Being the most abundant natural polymer on earth, cellulose materials have been used in many different applications. Cellulose nanofibrils (CNF) are a relatively new group of lignocellulose resource-based nanomaterials and have been the topic of many research efforts in wood products and material science field over the recent years. Using CNF in textile applications is one way to diversify product portfolio of these materials as they contain nanoscale fibrils with high mechanical properties which can fulfil textile industry’s demand for strong natural fibers. Considering that CNF is a wood-based cellulosic material in the form of water suspension, in order to …

Fluid Flow Analysis Of Diluted Evaporating American Whiskey Droplets., Martin J. Brown Vi

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The recent discovery of the unique structures, whiskey webs, formed when the evaporation of diluted American whiskey, has raised many questions as to the nature of the structures. Their formation process follows as such: (1) dilution of the whiskey to form nanoaggregates, (2) formation of a monolayer at the air-liquid interface, (3) chaotic ethanol evaporation caused monolayer collapse (via dynamic pressure), (4) bulk fluid evaporation caused monolayer collapse (via reduction of surface area), where the web-like structures reside on the surface, and finally, (5) web-like structures deposit on the substrate. The webs imaged via SEM had a striking resemblance to …

Design And Predicting Performance Of Carbon Nanotube Reinforced Cementitious Materials : Mechanical Properties And Dispersion Characteristics., Mahyar Ramezani

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Recently, Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs) are drawing considerable attention of researchers for reinforcing cementitious materials due to their excellent mechanical properties and high aspect ratio (length-to-diameter ratio). However, CNTs might not disperse well within the cement matrix, resulting in little improvement or even degradation of concrete properties. The uncertainty in producing the consistent results in different studies might be attributed to multiple interactions between the experimental variables affecting the nanotube dispersion and the final properties of CNT-cement nanocomposites. Therefore, this research mainly focused on proposing equations that can reliably capture these interactions in order to correlate CNT dispersion with the mechanical …

Formally Designing And Implementing Cyber Security Mechanisms In Industrial Control Networks., Mehdi Sabraoui

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

This dissertation describes progress in the state-of-the-art for developing and deploying formally verified cyber security devices in industrial control networks. It begins by detailing the unique struggles that are faced in industrial control networks and why concepts and technologies developed for securing traditional networks might not be appropriate. It uses these unique struggles and examples of contemporary cyber-attacks targeting control systems to argue that progress in securing control systems is best met with formal verification of systems, their specifications, and their security properties. This dissertation then presents a development process and identifies two technologies, TLA+ and seL4, that can be …

Cognitive Satellite Communications And Representation Learning For Streaming And Complex Graphs., Wenqi Liu

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

This dissertation includes two topics. The first topic studies a promising dynamic spectrum access algorithm (DSA) that improves the throughput of satellite communication (SATCOM) under the uncertainty. The other topic investigates distributed representation learning for streaming and complex networks. DSA allows a secondary user to access the spectrum that are not occupied by primary users. However, uncertainty in SATCOM causes more spectrum sensing errors. In this dissertation, the uncertainty has been addressed by formulating a DSA decision-making process as a Partially Observable Markov Decision Process (POMDP) model to optimally determine which channels to sense and access. Large-scale networks have attracted …

Improving Flow-Induced Hemolysis Prediction Models., Mohammad Mohaghegh Faghih

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Partial or complete failure of red blood cell membrane, also known as hemolysis, is a persistent issue with almost all blood contacting devices. Many experimental and theoretical contributions over the last few decades have increased insight into the mechanisms of mechanical hemolysis in both laminar and turbulent flow regimes, with the ultimate goal of developing a comprehensive, mechanistic and universal hemolysis prediction model. My research is broadly divided into two sections: theoretical/analytical/Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) analyses and experimental tests. The first part of my research revolved entirely around analyzing the simplest and most popular hemolysis model, commonly called as the …