Engineering Commons^™

Cleared To Land: Pilot Visual Detection Of Small Unmanned Aircraft During Final Approach, Ryan J. Wallace, Samuel M. Vance, Jon M. Loffi, Jamey Jacob, Jared C. Dunlap, Taylor A. Mitchell, Robert Thomas, Seabrook R. Whyte

International Journal of Aviation, Aeronautics, and Aerospace

Sighting reports of unmanned aircraft systems (UAS) by pilots, air traffic controllers, and other aviation stakeholders have continued to rise since the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) began tracking in 2014. In 2018, the FAA received 2,307 such reports, with 22.8% (n = 526) occurring during the final approach phase of flight. The threat of a midair collision between a manned aircraft and UAS is heightened during the final approach phase of flight, as the aircraft transitions from higher-altitude airspace to the low-altitude arena, now shared with drones. Absent UAS sense and avoid systems, pilots are forced to rely on …

3d Textile Preforms And Composites For Aircraft Strcutures: A Review, Abbasali Saboktakin

International Journal of Aviation, Aeronautics, and Aerospace

Over the last decades, the development of 3D textile composites has been driven the structures developed to overcome disadvantages of 2D laminates such as the needs of reducing fabrication cost, increasing through-thickness mechanical properties, and improving impact damage tolerance. 3D woven, stitched, knitted and braided preforms have been used as composites reinforcement for these types of composites. In this paper, advantages and disadvantages of each of them have been comprehensively discussed. The fabric architects and their specification in particular stitched preforms and their deformation mode for aerospace applications have been reviewed. Exact insight into various types of damage in textile …

Low Level Turbulence Detection For Airports, Anthony O' Connor, Derek Kearney

International Journal of Aviation, Aeronautics, and Aerospace

Abstract—— Low level wind shear and turbulence present a serious safety risk to aircraft during the approach, landing and take-off phases. Despite many advances in on-board and ground based warning systems. Wind shear remains a formidable force that coupled with a microburst can overpower any aircraft. Aviation reports have concluded that pilots need to have improved information in relation to tailwinds, wind shear and wind variations on approach and during the landing phases. Low level wind shear continues to cause disruption, delays and contribute to aircraft crashes. As recently as 2016, two Boeing aircraft crashed while attempting a Go-around …

Satellite Maintenance: An Opportunity To Minimize The Kessler Effect, Bettina M. Mrusek Dr.

International Journal of Aviation, Aeronautics, and Aerospace

Recently, there has been an emphasis on the growing problem of orbital debris. While the advantages of placing satellites into space are numerous, advances in satellite technology combined with the growth of the industry have resulted with a significant amount of debris in the orbits surrounding our planet. The harshness of the space environment has also contributed to the debris, as evidenced by the number of objects currently in orbit which are not operational. As the amount of debris grows, so too does the likelihood of collisions, ultimately culminating in the Kessler Effect. However, recent advances in propulsion, advanced navigation, …

Brand Awareness, Purchase Intention And Price Premium Of International Airlines Operating Between Australia And The United Kingdom, Yi Gao, Nigel Wai Keong Choy

International Journal of Aviation, Aeronautics, and Aerospace

Brand equity has a profound impact on the pricing and sales of consumer products and services. Inspired by existing literature on customer-based brand equity in various domains, this study examines brand awareness (a dimension of brand equity), purchase intention and price premium of international airlines operating on a specific aviation market, Australia - the United Kingdom. Through surveying a sample of 259 participants in the metropolitan Melbourne area, the study captures a snapshot of brand recognition and brand preference of international airlines among local travelers. Statistically significant association is found between brand awareness and purchase intention, and between brand awareness …

Autonomous Airliners Anytime Soon?, Samuel M. Vance, Evan C. Bird, Daniel J. Tiffin

International Journal of Aviation, Aeronautics, and Aerospace

This research seeks to extend the body of knowledge on factors influential in the decision to fly on an autonomous airliner as a passenger. Only a handful of studies have probed this direct question in the last 16 years, but the data is showing a growing public acceptance of this type of travel. Pivotal in this consideration is the basic element of trust – trust in automated airliners and trust in the airline and Air Traffic Control systems which are responsible for autonomous airliners. Human trust has many forms and manifestations, but in the end, it is a dichotomous or …

Aviation Automation And Cns/Atm-Related Human-Technology Interface: Atsep Competency Considerations, Adeyinka Olumuyiwa Osunwusi

International Journal of Aviation, Aeronautics, and Aerospace

Abstract

The aviation industry has, no doubt, undergone profound transformations ever since the first powered aircraft flight on December 17, 1903. An especially noticeable aspect of the transformations is in the area of automation. Remarkably, aviation operations are becoming increasingly automated and it is expected that the wind of change sweeping through the industry will be getting stormier as new technologies emerge especially within the context of the emerging prospects of intelligent technologies, which may ultimately enthrone complete automated or technology-based intelligent decision making. Perhaps, in no sphere of the aviation system has there been, in recent times, a much …

Double Stud Cargo Fitting Research, Alternative Cargo Clip Design And Analysis, Cemal İrfan Çalişkan, Ebubekir Koç Dr, Hamaid Mahmood Khan Dr, Mustafa Enes Bulduk

International Journal of Aviation, Aeronautics, and Aerospace

It can be said that today's civil aviation basics began to be laid in the 1950s. This date is also important as the period in which the rules are being written and at the same time, some system solutions are produced by testing the methods of cargo loading. The cargo clip used in these cargo loading systems will be the subject of our article. In this context, the development process of the clip, which started in 1953 until today, will be examined in the light of the patent applications of the period; Afterwards, alternative clip-on work to the current cargo …

Comparison Of Flow Field In The Proximity Of A Single Planar & Wrap-Around Fin, Nayhel Sharma, Palak Saini, Hrishabh Chaudhary, Gurteg Nagi, Rakesh Kumar Dr.

International Journal of Aviation, Aeronautics, and Aerospace

Abstract

This paper analyses the results of the computational analysis between a single planar and a wrap-around fin mounted on a semi-cylindrical body. A free-stream Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) model was simulated for both cases in the Mach 0.4-3.0M range at 0°Angle of attack, in which, the behavior of flow around the fin was investigated using a turbulence model of higher order discretization. The post-processing shows all the possible views of the flow dynamics around the fins, as well as the missile body. The aerodynamic drag and the rolling moment characteristics of the planar and the wrap-around fin have been …

The Role Of Stakeholders After Development Of The Baseline Scheduled Maintenance Program, Danita Baghdasarin

International Journal of Aviation, Aeronautics, and Aerospace

The principles of systems engineering can be applied to various aviation systems. This position paper emphasizes the importance of stakeholder collaboration in the various stages of the system life cycle, where the system is the aircraft scheduled maintenance program and the stakeholders are the constituents of the Industry Steering Committee (ISC): regulatory authorities, original equipment manufacturers (OEMs), and operators. The author discusses accidents with maintenance-related contributing factors, and highlights opportunities to improve coordination among stakeholders in order to ensure safe and effective maintenance.

Effects Of Exit Doors And Number Of Passengers On Airport Evacuation Effeciency Using Agent Based Simulation, Jie Chen, Dahai Liu, Sirish Namilae, Sang-A Lee, Jennifer E. Thropp, Younho Seong

International Journal of Aviation, Aeronautics, and Aerospace

Many factors determine the efficiency of evacuation at an airport during emergencies. These factors are very complicated and many times, unpredictable. The Federal Aviation Administration provides numerous advisory circulars and regulations for managing airport evacuation. However, a thorough literature review suggests that research on airport evacuation is still very limited. A study was designed to simulate an airport evacuation to address this problem. This study selected a local certificated airport in the United States for this purpose. We developed and validated a situation model using AnyLogic to investigate evacuation time at this airport. Using different variables, such as the number …

Fatigue Identification And Management In Flight Training: An Investigation Of Collegiate Aviation Pilots, Flavio A. Coimbra Mendonca Mr, Julius Keller, Chientsung Lu

International Journal of Aviation, Aeronautics, and Aerospace

Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate collegiate aviation students’ self-awareness of their fatigue issues; to investigate possible causes of fatigue afflicting collegiate aviation students; and to investigate the collegiate aviation students’ lifestyle and perceptions of personal solutions to fatigue.

Background: Pilot fatigue is a significant safety hazard in aviation operations. Several factors can contribute to fatigue, including inadequate sleep, long work hours, and inadequate nutritional habits. Some factors, such as social and academic activities, could be unique for Title 14 Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) Part 141 collegiate aviation pilots. Previous studies have addressed fatigue in …

Effect Of Chemical Reactions On The Fluidic Thrust Vectoring Of An Axisymmetric Nozzle, Rachid Chouicha, Mohamed Sellam, Said Bergheul

International Journal of Aviation, Aeronautics, and Aerospace

Abstract:

During the last years, several thrust control systems of aerospace rocket engines have been developed. The fluidic thrust vectoring is one of them; it is simple in design and offers a substantial gain in weight and in performance. Most of studies related to this device were carried out with cold gas. It’s quite legitimate to expect that the thermophysical properties of the gases may affect considerably the flow behavior. Besides, the effects of reacting gases at high temperatures, under their effects all flow parameters like to vary.

This study aims to develop a new methodology that allows studying and …

Aerodynamic Design And Exploration Of A Blended Wing Body Aircraft At Subsonic Speed, Sam Dakka Dr, Oliver Johnson

International Journal of Aviation, Aeronautics, and Aerospace

Blended Wing Body (BWB) is a novel aircraft concept which provides many different aerodynamic benefits over conventional aircrafts design. This research investigated the BWB design, L/D characteristics, surface pressure distribution and span-wise lift distribution of a BWB aircraft at low to medium subsonic speeds. A BWB model was designed, manufactured and tested in a subsonic wind tunnel to validate the CFD simulation. The results gained from the investigation proved that BWB has a L/D improvement of 9.4% than conventional aircrafts and 21% increase at medium subsonic speeds (Mach 0.6) compared to lower subsonic speeds of 25 m/sec. It was found …

Computational Study Of Flow Interactions Over A Close Coupled Canard-Wing On Fighter, Setyawan Bekti Wibowo, Sutrisno Sutrisno, Tri Agung Rohmat

International Journal of Aviation, Aeronautics, and Aerospace

There have been many attempts to improve the flying performance of a fighter. By modifying the flow that occurs along the fuselage is expected to improve the performance of the aircraft. One of the indicators of combat aircraft performance is the ability to perform maneuver movement. Adding a canard as forewing on the fighter wing configuration is considered capable of raising the ability in maneuver movement. The use of canard-delta pairs will affect the performance and aerodynamic characteristics of the plane. Wings and canards with delta configuration will make the rolled-up vortex as a lifting force producer on the aircraft. …

Fe Modeling Methodology For Load Analysis And Preliminary Sizing Of Aircraft Wing Structure, Jun Hwan Jang, Sang Ho Ahn

International Journal of Aviation, Aeronautics, and Aerospace

It is a critical part at the basic design phase of aircraft structural design to build a finite element model and it will have a direct impact on time and cost for airframe structure development. In addition, the objective of finite element model will be varied depending on each design review phase and the modelling methodology varied accordingly. In order to build an effective and economic finite element model, it is required to develop adequate level of modelling methodology based on each design phase and its objectives. Therefore, in this paper, the finite element modeling methodology was presented for internal …

Design And Simulation Of Regional Navigation Constellation With Optimized Mean Dop Based On Hybrid Geo And Igso Satellites, Firooz Keyvani, Seyed Hosein Torabi

International Journal of Aviation, Aeronautics, and Aerospace

In this article, achieving an optimal layout of satellite constellation has been investigated with the aim of navigation (positioning) and with the least amount of error in a region coverage. In navigation, a parameter defined as DOP specifies influences of the geometry of satellite placement in space on position error. Less DOP means more precise navigation, and an attempt has been made in this study to minimize it. In the optimization phase, using genetic algorithm, the number of moments in which coverage is less than four reached zero and then the DOP parameter was minimized. Subsequently, the issue was studied …

Effects Of A Hand Luggage Guiding System On Airplane Boarding Time And Passenger Experience, Mirte Vendel, Sagar Dangal, Jessica Coppens, Suzanne Hiemstra-Van Mastrigt, Peter Vink

International Journal of Aviation, Aeronautics, and Aerospace

This research investigates whether a hand luggage guiding system in overhead bins decreases boarding time and improves boarding experience during aircraft boarding process. A guiding system was developed which allocates and displays the passengers luggage space in the overhead bin. The allocated space is guided by a light strip in front of the display that blinks when a passenger comes close to their allocated luggage space. This system was tested in a Boeing 737 test fuselage. Compared to regular boarding, a boarding time reduction of 16 to 23 seconds was estimated using the hand luggage guiding system in groups of …

Comparison Of Fixed-Wing Unmanned Aircraft Systems (Uas) For Agriculture Monitoring, Joseph Cerreta, Kristine M. Kiernan

International Journal of Aviation, Aeronautics, and Aerospace

Florida citrus growers need inexpensive methods to observe citrus plants to detect disease and stress consistently. Health vegetation indices, such as the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) collected from Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS), can be used to identify variation in plant health. Simple-to-operate UAS may enable growers to determine within-field variation more frequently than with inspections from scouts, providing more frequent knowledge about the crop condition. This research compared two low-cost fixed-wing UAS, a $5,000 Parrot Disco Pro Ag and a $16,690 senseFly eBee, each equipped with a Parrot Sequoia multispectral camera, to determine if there were differences in the …

The Application Of Signal Detection Theory Principles To Aircraft Certification, John M. Maris Ph.D, Alexander V. Ilyin Ph.D

International Journal of Aviation, Aeronautics, and Aerospace

This paper presents the application of Signal Detection Theory (SDT) concepts to the certification of optional systems that provide operational or system safety benefits. The method and analysis yield quantitative requirements for the system performance that account for the risks and benefits of the potential system. This is in contrast to the standard certification approach which only focuses on Failure Conditions, and does not examine potential system benefits. A case study of an aircraft spotter on an electronic moving map illustrates that substantial safety improvements may be achieved even with the relatively low levels of software reliability associated with Commercial …

Simulations On Optimization Of Liquid Spray Burners & Operating Parameters, Pallavi Gajjar, Vinayak Malhotra

International Journal of Aviation, Aeronautics, and Aerospace

Spray burners form an essential part of any liquid propulsion system as they are responsible for injecting, atomizing, mixing and combusting the liquid fuel. Spray combustion used in aerospace applications like the liquid rocket engines, gas turbines or any other controlled environment for that matter places a huge emphasis on safe and effective operations. These applications make use of relatively small amounts of propellant volumes to generate enormous amounts of energy through combustion for producing thrust. For such cases involving enormous energy interactions, combustion comes with its own set of challenges. The predominant challenge among them all is that of …

Dual Graphene Patch Antenna For Ka Band Satellite Applications, Mohammed Amin Rabah, Mohammed Bekhti

International Journal of Aviation, Aeronautics, and Aerospace

Currently; grapheme offers a new opportunity to use in space technology and this is due to its amazing properties like conductivity, strength, flexibility and transparency which allows us to exploit new generation of ultra-fast nanoscale components; Since future wireless communication techniques are geared towards the use of the high frequency spectrum and many recent research prove this trend. This letter presents a proposal for design of a dual graphene-based antenna to use in new communication techniques in Ka band, where the proposed antenna can work for uplink and dowlink frequencies at same time since it has return loss less then …

Determination Of Aerodynamic Forces And Control Requirement During Ground Effect, Ambuj Srivastava

International Journal of Aviation, Aeronautics, and Aerospace

The current work delivers the effect of ground proximity on longitudinal aerodynamic forces and the elevator deflection required for trimming the aircraft. The academic understanding states that the with the increasing proximity to the ground,downwash progressively reduces.The methodology adopts the approximation of linear decrement for the estimation of the residual downwash at any height above ground within the unit wingspan. The proposed method utilizes non-dimensional height above ground for the approximation of effective downwash angle in the presence of ground. The approximately predicted effective downwash angle is subsequently utilized to estimate the effect of ground proximity on longitudinal forces, trim …

Design Guidelines For Supersonic Aircrafts In Civil Aviation, Tridib Banerjee Mr.

International Journal of Aviation, Aeronautics, and Aerospace

There exists no publication currently available to the scholars that address in detail, every aspect of designing a modern supersonic aircraft for civil aviation. This paper aims to resolve that issue. It reviews all the existing work that has been done on the topic so far and builds upon that. It incorporates multiple disciplines and takes into account the closely inter-coupled effects of each component on one-another. It also analyses in detail the various environmental and modern regulatory challenges like sonic boom and means to overcome them. It further addresses the challenges like logistics, cabin crew radiation exposure, and cost …

Speech Interfaces And Pilot Performance: A Meta-Analysis, Kenneth A. Ward

International Journal of Aviation, Aeronautics, and Aerospace

As the aviation industry modernizes, new technology and interfaces must support growing aircraft complexity without increasing pilot workload. Natural language processing presents just such a simple and intuitive interface, yet the performance implications for use by pilots remain unknown. A meta-analysis was conducted to understand performance effects of using speech and voice interfaces in a series of pilot task analogs. The inclusion criteria selected studies that involved participants performing a demanding primary task, such as driving, while interacting with a vehicle system to enter numbers, dial radios, or enter a navigation destination. Compared to manual system interfaces, voice interfaces reduced …

Aircraft Interior Design And Satisfaction For Different Activities; A New Approach Toward Understanding Passenger Experience, Golnoosh Torkashvand, Lucas Stephane, Peter Vink

International Journal of Aviation, Aeronautics, and Aerospace

Among airlines and aircraft manufacturers there is much attention for passenger experience. However, there is not much literature on how the activities of passengers can be supported by the aircraft interior. The current study focuses on the need finding and requirements analysis of flight passengers. Twenty-three activities were defined based on retrospective interviews and brainstorming sessions. Respondents were asked to rate their overall perception related to the importance of each of those 23 activities on a Linkert scale, from “not at all important” to “extremely important”. On a separate question they were also asked to rate their overall satisfaction by …

Crew Resource Management For Large Unmanned Aircraft Systems Operations, Peter S. Neff

International Journal of Aviation, Aeronautics, and Aerospace

Abstract

The author explored the application of crew resource management (CRM) principles to commercial flight operations conducted by large unmanned aircraft systems (UAS). Currently, there is no regulatory structure governing the operation of large UAS in commercial flight operations. However, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) forecasted the future by demonstrating the feasibility of large remotely piloted UAS flight in June 2018 by flying Ikhana, a modified MQ-9 Predator B aircraft, over a 415-mile route in Class A and in Class E airspace over southern California (Kooser, 2018). Ikhana is a 10,500-pound aircraft with a wingspan of 66 feet …

Big Five Technologies In Aeronautical Engineering Education: Scoping Review, Ruth Martinez-Lopez

International Journal of Aviation, Aeronautics, and Aerospace

The constant demands that technology creates in aerospace engineering also influence education. The identification of the technologies with practical application in aerospace engineering is of current interest to decision makers in both universities and industry. A social network approach enhances this scoping review of the research literature to identify the main topics using the Big Five technologies in aerospace engineering education. The conceptual structure of the dataset (n=447) was analyzed from different approaches: at macro-level, a comparative of the digital technology identified by cluster analysis with the number of co-words established in 3 and 8 and, a keyword central structure …

Determination Of Parameters During Quasi-Steady Stall Maneuver Using Genetic Algorithm, Ambuj Srivastava, Ajit Kumar, Ajoy Kanti Ghosh

International Journal of Aviation, Aeronautics, and Aerospace

The current work offers the determination of longitudinal aerodynamic derivatives during flight manoeuver at angles of attack near the stall. The flight manoeuver near stall is highly non-linear in nature due to separated flow at such elevated angles of attack. Kirchoff’s model for Quasi-Steady Stall Modelling (QSSM) is employed to represent the non-linear nature of aerodynamics during flight manoeuver at elevated angles of attack close to the stall. The Genetic Algorithm (GA) optimized output error method is utilized for estimating the parameters specific to stall characteristics and longitudinal aerodynamics of the ATTAS aircraft. The comparative evaluation of the parameter estimates …

Optimization And Analysis Of An Elite Electric Propulsion System, Mehakveer Singh, Kapil Yadav, Satnam Singh, Vikas Chumber, Harikrishna Chavhan

International Journal of Aviation, Aeronautics, and Aerospace

Abstract- Electric propulsion has a promising system to create new possibilities in this technological era as well as control the harmful gaseous emission. This paper put a vision on several parameters of electric propulsion. The engine’s performance is comparable to the current propulsion devices and provides a lightweight solution to the robust technologies’ dependent on chemical energy sources. There are a plethora of factors which is enhanced by electric propulsion such as, overall efficiency, capabilities, and robustness of future air vehicles as well as mainly overcome from exhaust hazards. Electric propulsion systems have the potential of utilizing the electrically-driven propulsion …