Engineering Commons^™

Evaluation Of Frother Types For Improved Flotation Recovery And Selectivity, Qingqing Huang, Xinbo Yang, Rick Q. Honaker

Faculty & Staff Scholarship

A laboratory study was conducted to evaluate and compare the effectiveness of nine different frother types when used in a three-phase, continuously operating froth flotation system. The frothers included several that are commonly used in the industry (e.g., MIBC, 2EH, and F-1) as well as unique frother types (e.g., F-3). The tests were conducted in a 5-cm diameter laboratory flotation column that provided near plug-flow mixing conditions due to a length-to-diameter ratio of around 50:1. Test results indicate that F-1, MIBC, and MPC (in order of decreasing effectiveness) provided the weakest performance in terms of combustible recovery while F-2, MAC, …

An Elastic-Net Logistic Regression Approach To Generate Classifiers And Gene Signatures For Types Of Immune Cells And T Helper Cell Subsets, Arezo Torang, Paraag Gupta, David J. Klinke Ii

Faculty & Staff Scholarship

Background: Host immune response is coordinated by a variety of different specialized cell types that vary in time and location. While host immune response can be studied using conventional low-dimensional approaches, advances in transcriptomics analysis may provide a less biased view. Yet, leveraging transcriptomics data to identify immune cell subtypes presents challenges for extracting informative gene signatures hidden within a high dimensional transcriptomics space characterized by low sample numbers with noisy and missing values. To address these challenges, we explore using machine learning methods to select gene subsets and estimate gene coefficients simultaneously. Results: Elastic-net logistic regression, a type of …

Unique Constant Phase Element Behavior Of The Electrolyte–Graphene Interface, Jianbo Sun, Yuxin Liu

Faculty & Staff Scholarship

We report a unique constant phase element (CPE) behavior ( 1Z=Q0(jω)α" role="presentation" style="box-sizing: border-box; max-height: none; display: inline; line-height: normal; font-size: 14.3px; word-spacing: normal; overflow-wrap: normal; white-space: nowrap; float: none; direction: ltr; max-width: none; min-width: 0px; min-height: 0px; border: 0px; padding: 0px; margin: 0px; position: relative;">1Z=Q0(jω)α ) of the electrolyte–graphene interface with both Q0" role="presentation" style="box-sizing: border-box; max-height: none; display: inline; line-height: normal; font-size: 14.3px; word-spacing: normal; overflow-wrap: normal; white-space: nowrap; float: none; direction: ltr; max-width: none; min-width: 0px; min-height: 0px; border: 0px; padding: 0px; margin: 0px; position: relative;">Q0 and α" role="presentation" style="box-sizing: border-box; max-height: none; display: inline; …

From Statistical Correlations To Stochasticity And Size Effects In Sub-Micron Crystal Plasticity, Hengxu Song, Stefanos Papanikolaou

Faculty & Staff Scholarship

Metals in small volumes display a strong dependence on initial conditions, which translates into size effects and stochastic mechanical responses. In the context of crystal plasticity, this amounts to the role of pre-existing dislocation configurations that may emerge due to prior processing. Here, we study a minimal but realistic model of uniaxial compression of sub-micron finite volumes. We show how the statistical correlations of pre-existing dislocation configurations may influence the mechanical response in multi-slip crystal plasticity, in connection to the finite volume size and the initial dislocation density. In addition, spatial dislocation correlations display evidence that plasticity is strongly influenced …

Benefits Of Developing An App To Map The Potholes In West Virginia, Trevor R. Smith

Honors Projects

No abstract provided.

Temporal Variations In Methane Emissions From An Unconventional Well Site, Derek Johnson, Robert Heltzel, Dakota Oliver

Faculty & Staff Scholarship

Studies have aimed to quantify methane emissions associated with the growing natural gas infrastructure. Quantification is completed using direct or indirect methods—both of which typically represent only a snapshot in time. Most studies focused on collecting emissions data from multiple sites to increase sample size, thus combining the effects of geospatial and temporal variability (spatio-temporal variability). However, we examined the temporal variability in methane emissions from a single unconventional well site over the course of nearly 2 years (21 months) by conducting six direct quantification audits. We used a full flow sampling system that quantified methane mass emissions with an …

Neutrophil Extracellular Traps In Breast Cancer And Beyond: Current Perspectives On Net Stimuli, Thrombosis And Metastasis, And Clinical Utility For Diagnosis And Treatment, Hunter T. Snoderly, Brian A. Boone, Margaret F. Bennewitz

Faculty & Staff Scholarship

Abstract

The formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), known as NETosis, was first observed as a novel immune response to bacterial infection, but has since been found to occur abnormally in a variety of other inflammatory disease states including cancer. Breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed malignancy in women. In breast cancer, NETosis has been linked to increased disease progression, metastasis, and complications such as venous thromboembolism. NET-targeted therapies have shown success in preclinical cancer models and may prove valuable clinical targets in slowing or halting tumor progression in breast cancer patients. We will briefly outline the mechanisms by …

Bending Nanoindentation And Plasticity Noise In Fcc Single And Polycrystals, Ryder Bolin, Hakan Yavas, Hengxu Song, Kevin J. Hemker, Stefanos Papanikolaou

Faculty & Staff Scholarship

Abstract: We present a high-throughput nanoindentation study of in situ bending effects on incipient plastic deformation behavior of polycrystalline and single-crystalline pure aluminum and pure copper at ultranano depths (< 200 nm). We find that hardness displays a statistically inverse dependence on in-plane stress for indentation depths smaller than 10 nm, and the dependence disappears for larger indentation depths. In contrast, plastic noise in the nanoindentation force and displacement displays statistically robust noise features, independently of applied stresses. Our experimental results suggest the existence of a regime in Face Centered Cubic (FCC) crystals where ultranano hardness is sensitive to residual applied stresses, but plasticity pop-in noise is insensitive to it.

Drilling Performance Monitoring And Optimization: A Data-Driven Approach, Shan E Zehra Lashari, Ali Takbiri-Borujeni, Ebrahim Fathi, Ting Sun, Reza Rahmani, Mehdi Khazaeli

Faculty & Staff Scholarship

Abstract Drilling performance monitoring and optimization are crucial in increasing the overall NPV of an oil and gas project. Even after rigorous planning, drilling phase of any project can be hindered by unanticipated problems, such as bit balling. The objective of this paper is to implement artifcial intelligence technique to develop a smart model for more accurate and robust real-time drilling performance monitoring and optimization. For this purpose, the back propagation, feed forward neural network model was developed to predict rate of penetration (ROP) using diferent input parameters such as weight on bit, rotations per minute, mud fow (GPM) and …

A Review Of 2d And 3d Plasmonic Nanostructure Array Patterns: Fabrication, Light Management And Sensing Applications, Sujan Kassani, Katherine Curtin, Nianqiang Wu

Faculty & Staff Scholarship

Abstract: This review article discusses progress in surface plasmon resonance (SPR) of two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) chip-based nanostructure array patterns. Recent advancements in fabrication techniques for nano-arrays have endowed researchers with tools to explore a material’s plasmonic optical properties. In this review, fabrication techniques including electron-beam lithography, focused-ion lithography, dip-pen lithography, laser interference lithography, nanosphere lithography, nanoimprint lithography, and anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) template-based lithography are introduced and discussed. Nano-arrays have gained increased attention because of their optical property dependency (lightmatter interactions) on size, shape, and periodicity. In particular, nano-array architectures can be tailored to produce and tune plasmonic …

Exploration Of High Entropy Ceramics (Hecs) With Computational Thermodynamics - A Case Study With Lamno3±Δ, Yu Zhong, Hooman Sabarou, Xiaotian Yan, Mei Yang, Michael C. Gao, Xingbo Liu, Richard D. Sisson Jr.

Faculty & Staff Scholarship

The concept of the new category materials high entropy ceramics (HECs) has been proposed several years ago, which is directly borrowed from high entropy alloys (HEAs). It quickly attracts a lot of interests and displays promising properties. However, there is no clear definition of HECs differentiating it from HEAs, as it is still in its early research stage. In the current work, we are trying to use the classic perovskite LaMnO3±δ (LMO) to demonstrate the fundamental differences between HECs and HEAs. We have adopted the integrated defect chemistry and CALPHAD approach to investigate the mixing behavior and how it is …

A Regulated Charge Pump With Extremely Low Output Ripple, Mir Mohammad Navidi, David W. Graham

Faculty & Staff Scholarship

Abstract: In this paper, we present a regulated charge pump with extremely low output ripple (mV) that can be used for accurate programming of nonvolatile memory. We present a technique to include a low-drop-out regulator inside the charge-pump regulation loop to reduce the ripple. This charge pump was fabricated in a 0.35 µm standard CMOS process. The die area of this charge pump is 0.163 mm2 . While operating from a 2.5 V supply, this charge pump generates regulated voltages up to 10 V.

Cancer Nanotechnology: Enhancing Tumor Cell Response To Chemotherapy For Hepatocellular Carcinoma Therapy, Sun Yongbing, Ma Wen, Yang Yuanyuan, He Mengxue, Li Aimin, Bai Lei, Yu Bin, Yu Zhiqiang

Faculty & Staff Scholarship

Abstract

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the deadliest cancers due to its complexities, reoccurrence after surgical resection, metastasis and heterogeneity. In addition to sorafenib and lenvatinib for the treatment of HCC approved by FDA, various strategies including transarterial chemoembolization, radiotherapy, locoregional therapy and chemotherapy have been investigated in clinics. Recently, cancer nanotechnology has got great attention for the treatment of various cancers including HCC. Both passive and active targetings are progressing at a steady rate. Herein, we describe the lessons learned from pathogenesis of HCC and the understanding of targeted and non-targeted nanoparticles used for the delivery of small …

Correlated Blocking In Mmwave Cellular Networks: Macrodiversity, Outage, And Interference, Enass Hriba, Mathew C. Valenti

Faculty & Staff Scholarship

In this paper, we provide a comprehensive analysis of macrodiversity for millimeter wave (mmWave) cellular networks. The key issue with mmWave networks is that signals are prone to blocking by objects in the environment, which causes paths to go from line-of-sight (LOS) to non-LOS (NLOS). We identify macrodiversity as an important strategy for mitigating blocking, as with macrodiversity the user will attempt to connect with two or more base stations. Diversity is achieved because if the closest base station is blocked, then the next base station might still be unblocked. However, since it is possible for a single blockage to …

Coupling Simulation Model Between Mine Ventilation Network And Gob Flow Field, F.I. Wu, Y. Luo, X-T Chang

Faculty & Staff Scholarship

Many numerical simulation studies of coal spontaneous combustion have focused on the leakage flow field in the mine gob. However, most of these studies isolate the gob from the mine ventilation system, failing to consider the effects of air leakage on gob boundary conditions. A novel model coupling the mine ventilation network (MVN) and gob flow field (GFF) has been developed to simulate the overall mine ventilation system. The concept of network boundary node was proposed and the corresponding air flow rate balance equations were developed based on the node pressure method for MVN calculation and the finite element method …

Improved Charge Injection And Transport Of Light-Emitting Diodes Based On Two-Dimensional Materials, Yuanming Zhou, Sijiong Mei, Dongwei Sun, Neng Liu, Fei Mei, Jinxia Xu, Xianan Cao

Faculty & Staff Scholarship

Light-emitting diodes (LEDs) are considered to be the most promising energy-saving technology for future lighting and display. Two-dimensional (2D) materials, a class of materials comprised of monolayer or few layers of atoms (or unit cells), have attracted much attention in recent years, due to their unique physical and chemical properties. Here, we summarize the recent advances on the applications of 2D materials for improving the performance of LEDs, including organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs), quantum dot light emitting diodes (QLEDs) and perovskite light emitting diodes (PeLEDs), using organic films, quantum dots and perovskite films as emission layers (EMLs), respectively. Two …

Improved Efficiency Of Perovskite Light-Emitting Diodes Using A Three-Step Spin-Coated Ch3nh3pbbr3 Emitter And A Pedot:Pss/Moo3-Ammonia Composite Hole Transport Layer, Yuanming Zhou, Sijong Mei, Dongwei Sun, Neng Liu, Wuxing Shi, Jiahuan Feng, Fei Mei, Jinxia Xu, Yan Jiang, Xianan Cao

Faculty & Staff Scholarship

High efficiency perovskite light-emitting diodes (PeLEDs) using PEDOT:PSS/MoO3-ammonia composite hole transport layers (HTLs) with different MoO3-ammonia ratios were prepared and characterized. For PeLEDs with one-step spin-coated CH3NH3PbBr3 emitter, an optimal MoO3-ammonia volume ratio (0.02) in PEDOT:PSS/MoO3-ammonia composite HTL presented a maximum luminance of 1082 cd/m2 and maximum current efficiency of 0.7 cd/A, which are 82% and 94% higher than those of the control device using pure PEDOT:PSS HTL respectively. It can be explained by that the optimized amount of MoO3-ammonia in the composite HTLs cannot only facilitate hole injection into CH3NH3PbBr3 through reducing the contact barrier, but also suppress the …

Dataset On Hydrophobicity Indices And Differential Scanning Calorimetry Thermograms For Poly(Hema)-Based Hydrogels, Ankita Bhat, Blake Smith, Cerasela-Zoica Dinu, Anthony Guiseppi-Elie

Faculty & Staff Scholarship

Hydrophobicity indices for poly(HEMA)-based hydrogels:HEMA, AEMA, and DMAEMA calculated from two differentmethods: 1) Partition coefficients, and 2) Kyte-Doolittle scaleare depicted.Thermograms from differential scanning calorimetry ofpoly(HEMA)-based hydrogels containing AEMA, DMAEMA, and amixture of AEMA and DMAEMA are included to represent the glasstransition temperature (Tg) values of the hydrogels.More information on the methodology to calculate the hydro-phobicity indices using the aforementioned methods and theprocedure for using a differential scanning calorimeter and anal-ysis of a thermogram is described.Details of how the changes in the feed composition ofpoly(HEMA)-based hydrogels was made is provided in theresearch article‘MOLECULAR ENGINEERING OF POLY(HEMA-co-PEGMA)-BASED HYDROGELS: ROLE OF MINOR AEMA …

A Novel Cooperative Distributed Secondary Controller For Vsi And Pq Inverters Of Ac Microgrids, F. Doost Mohammadi, H. Keshtkar, A. Dehghan Banadaki, A. Feliachi

Faculty & Staff Scholarship

This paper proposes a novel cooperative secondary control strategy for microgrids which is fully distributed. There is a two-layered coordination, which exists between inverter based DGs of both types, i.e. Voltage Source Inverter (VSI) and Current Source Inverter (CSI), also called PQ inverter. In first layer of the proposed two-layered cooperative control strategy, VSIs will take care of the primary average voltage regulation by implementing the average consensus algorithm (ACA); then in the second layer of control, the PQ inverters will improve the voltage quality of the microgrid while maintaining the average voltage of buses at the same desired level. …

Smart Proxy Modeling Of Sacroc Co2-Eor, Gholami Vida, Mohaghegh D. Shahab, Maysami Mohammad

Faculty & Staff Scholarship

Large CO2-enhanced oil recovery (EOR) projects usually contain an abundance of geological and good performance data. While this volume of data leads to robust models, it often results in difficult to manage, slow-running numerical flow models. To dramatically reduce the numerical run-times associated with the traditional simulation techniques, this work investigated the feasibility of using artificial intelligence and machine learning technologies to develop a smart proxy model of the Scurry Area Canyon Reef Operators Committee (SACROC) oilfield, located in the Permian Basin, TX, USA. Smart proxy models can be used to facilitate injection-production optimization for CO2-EOR projects. The use of …

Quaternion-Based Robust Attitude Estimation Using An Adaptive Unscented Kalman Filter, Antonio C. B. Chiella, Bruno O. S. Teixeira, Guilherme A. S. Pereira

Faculty & Staff Scholarship

This paper presents the Quaternion-based Robust Adaptive Unscented Kalman Filter (QRAUKF) for attitude estimation. The proposed methodology modifies and extends the standard UKF equations to consistently accommodate the non-Euclidean algebra of unit quaternions and to add robustness to fast and slow variations in the measurement uncertainty. To deal with slow time-varying perturbations in the sensors, an adaptive strategy based on covariance matching that tunes the measurement covariance matrix online is used. Additionally, an outlier detector algorithm is adopted to identify abrupt changes in the UKF innovation, thus rejecting fast perturbations. Adaptation and outlier detection make the proposed algorithm robust to …

Effects Of Charge Transport Materials On Blue Fluorescent Organic Light-Emitting Diodes With A Host-Dopant System, Neng Liu, Sijong Mei, Dongwei Sun, Wuxing Shi, Jiahuan Feng, Yuanming Zhou, Fei Mei, Jinxia Xu, Yan Jiang, Xianan Cao

Faculty & Staff Scholarship

High efficiency blue fluorescent organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs), based on 1,3-bis(carbazol-9-yl)benzene (mCP) doped with 4,4’-bis(9-ethyl-3-carbazovinylene)-1,1’-biphenyl (BCzVBi), were fabricated using four different hole transport layers (HTLs) and two different electron transport layers (ETLs). Fixing the electron transport material TPBi, four hole transport materials, including 1,1-Bis[(di-4-tolylamino)phenyl]cyclohexane (TAPC), N,N’-Di(1-naphthyl)-N,N’-diphenyl-(1,1’-biphenyl)-4’-diamine(NPB), 4,4’-Bis(N-carbazolyl)-1,1,-biphenyl (CBP) and molybdenum trioxide (MoO3), were selected to be HTLs, and the blue OLED with TAPC HTL exhibited a maximum luminance of 2955 cd/m2 and current efficiency (CE) of 5.75 cd/A at 50 mA/cm2, which are 68% and 62% higher, respectively, than those of the minimum values found in the device with MoO3 …

Estimates Of Discharge Coefficient In Levee Breach Under Two Different Approach Flow Types, Seung Oh Lee, Kwang Seok Yoon, Jun Seon Lee, Seung Ho Hong

Faculty & Staff Scholarship

The amount of released water (discharge) in a levee breach is a primary input variable to establish an emergency action plan for the area next to the levee. However, although several studies have been conducted, there is still no widely applicable discharge coefficient formula; this needs to be known to estimate discharge amount through an opening caused by a levee breach. Sometimes, the discharge coefficient developed for a sharp crested side weir is used to rate the discharge, but, in case of a levee breach, the resulting geometry and flow types are similar to that over a broad crested weir. …

Thank You To Our 2018 Peer Reviewers, Gabriel Filippelli, Rita Colwell, Susan C. Anenberg, John M. Balbus, Daniela Ceccarelli, Karen Hudson-Edwards, Antarpreet Jutla, Chiyuan Miao, Paul A. Sandifer, Avner Vengosh

Faculty & Staff Scholarship

Public trust in science, effective science communication, and rapid and constructive response to authors about their submissions are of paramount importance to the scientific enterprise and indeed to society itself. This is really at the heart of peer review—providing thoughtful insights into both the scientific quality and importance of work, and also how it is communicated to other scientists and increasingly to a broader audience. Very few opportunities exist to acknowledge the mostly anonymous process of peer review, especially given the huge increase in review requests and the relatively mechanical nature of online reviewing platforms. We continue to be humbled …

Vertical Stress And Deformation Characteristics Of Roadside Backfilling Body In Gob-Side Entry For Thick Coal Seams With Different Pre-Split Angles, Yuqi Ren, Guorui Feng, Pengfei Wang, Jun Guo, Yi Luo, Ruipeng Qian, Qiang Sun, Songyu Li, Yonggan Yan

Faculty & Staff Scholarship

Retained gob-side entry (RGE) is a significant improvement for fully-mechanized longwall mining. The environment of surrounding rock directly affects its stability. Roadside backfilling body (RBB), a man-made structure in RGE plays the most important role in successful application of the technology. In the field, however, the vertical deformation of RBB is large during the panel extraction, which leads to malfunction of the RGE. In order to solve the problem, roof pre-split is employed. According to geological conditions as well as the physical modeling of roof behavior and deformation of surrounding rock, the support resistance of RBB is calculated. The environment …

Appalachian Economic Futures, Dewayne Barton, John Deskins, Paul Corbit Brown, William Hal Gorby, Jill Moles Mullins, Nicholas F. Stump, Matt Winans, Brenden E. Mcneil, Eloise Elliott, Chris Haddox, E Gordon Gee, Eddie Brzostek, Audra Slocum, Trevor Mckenzie, Tom Hansell

Exhibit Panels

When people talk about the future of Appalachia, they typically mean economic futures: What will happen to coal jobs? How will Appalachia diversify its economy? What about poverty? Stereotypes about our region represent our people as disinterested in education, and hostile to innovation, technology, and sustainability. We see a different story. This part of the exhibit looks at ways that Appalachians are taking their strong sense of culture, their linguistic distinctiveness, and their relationship to the natural world to imagine new futures in diverse industries, sustainable practices, and stronger education systems.

Turbulence Characteristics Before And After Scour Upstream Of A Scaled-Down Bridge Pier Model, Seung Oh Lee, Seung Ho Hong

Faculty & Staff Scholarship

Bridge pier scour is one of the main causes of bridge failure and a major factor that contributes to the total construction and maintenance costs of bridge. Recently, because of unexpected high water during extreme hydrologic events, the resilience and security of hydraulic infrastructure with respect to the scour protection measure along a river reach has become a more immediate topic for river engineering society. Although numerous studies have been conducted to suggest pier scour estimation formulas, understanding of turbulence characteristics which is dominant driver of sediment transport around a pier foundation is still questionable. Thus, to understand near bed …

Application Of Machine Learning And Artificial Intelligence In Proxy Modeling For Fluid Flow In Porous Media, Shohreh Amini, Shahab Mohaghegh

Faculty & Staff Scholarship

Reservoir simulation models are the major tools for studying fluid flow behavior in hydrocarbon reservoirs. These models are constructed based on geological models, which are developed by integrating data from geology, geophysics, and petro-physics. As the complexity of a reservoir simulation model increases, so does the computation time. Therefore, to perform any comprehensive study which involves thousands of simulation runs, a very long period of time is required. Several efforts have been made to develop proxy models that can be used as a substitute for complex reservoir simulation models. These proxy models aim at generating the outputs of the numerical …

Modeling Average Pressure And Volume Fraction Of A Fluidized Bed Using Data-Driven Smart Proxy, Amir Ansari, Shahab D. Mohaghegh, Mehrdad Shahnam, Jean-François Dietiker

Faculty & Staff Scholarship

Simulations can reduce the time and cost to develop and deploy advanced technologies and enable their rapid scale-up for fossil fuel-based energy systems. However, to ensure their usefulness in practice, the credibility of the simulations needs to be established with uncertainty quantification (UQ) methods. The National Energy Technology Laboratory (NETL) has been applying non-intrusive UQ methodologies to categorize and quantify uncertainties in computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations of gas-solid multiphase flows. To reduce the computational cost associated with gas-solid flow simulations required for UQ analysis, techniques commonly used in the area of artificial intelligence (AI) and data mining are used …

On The Unusual Amber Coloration Of Nanoporous Sol-Gel Processed Al-Doped Silica Glass: An Experimental Study, Alvin Chang, Yujuan He, Maria A. Torres Arango, Maoyu Wang, Yang Ren, Zhenxing Feng, Chih-Hung Chang, Knostantinos A. Sierros

Faculty & Staff Scholarship

Silica is the most abundant component on the earth’s surface. It plays an important role in many natural processes. Silica is also a critical material for a wide range of technical applications such as in optics and electronics. In this work, we discuss our recent experimental observation of the unusual amber coloration of aluminum doped sol-gel glass that has not been reported in the past. We characterized Al-doped sol-gel glasses, prepared at different sintering temperature, using a plethora of techniques to investigate the origin of this unusual coloration and to understand their structural and chemical properties. We used these experimental …