Engineering Commons^™

Development Of An Integrated Photonic Sensor For Monitoring Hazardous Organics, Dianhong Luo

Dissertations

In this study, an integrated photonic sensor has been designed and fabricated for the purpose of monitoring hazardous organics in the environment. The operation of the sensor is based on the principles of the Mach-Zehnder interferometry. The sensor consists of a patterned waveguide structure made of phosphosilicate core and silica cladding. LPCVD processes were developed to produce undoped cladding and doped core silicon dioxide films. Diethylsilane (DES), Trimethylphosphite (TMP) and oxygen were used as the precursors for the deposition process. The effects of the O₂/DES ratio and deposition temperature on the properties Of SiO₂ films were investigated. …

Buckling Of Composite Conical Shells Under Combined Axial Compression, External Pressure, And Bending, Youngjin Chung

Dissertations

Conical shells are extensively used in space crafts, robots, shelters, domes, tanks, and in machinery or devices (e.g. as Belleville washers). Thus, the design of minimum weight, maximum strength, stiffened conical (and cylindrical) shells under combined loads has long been of interest to designers. The objective of this study is to improve the strength of conical shells and reduce the weight of the structure. Buckling of composite conical shells subjected to combined axial loading, external pressure, and bending is investigated using energy and finite element methods. The conical shells have single and multiple layers, different cone angle, length, and radius. …

Arq Protocol For Joint Source And Channel Coding And Its Applications, Bin He

Dissertations

Shannon's separation theorem states that for transmission over noisy channels, approaching channel capacity is possible with the separation of source and channel coding. Practically, the situation is different. Infinite size blocks are needed to achieve this theoretical limit. Also, time-varying channels require a different approach. This leads to many approaches for source and channel coding. This dissertation will address a joint source and channel coding that suits Automatic Repeat Request (ARQ) application and applies it to packet switching networks. Following aspects of the proposed joint source and channel coding approach will be presented:

1. The design of the proposed joint source …

Evolutionary Polymorphic Neural Networks In Chemical Engineering Modeling, Li Gao

Dissertations

Evolutionary Polymorphic Neural Network (EPNN) is a novel approach to modeling chemical, biochemical and physical processes. This approach has its basis in modern artificial intelligence, especially neural networks and evolutionary computing. EPNN can perform networked symbolic regressions for input-output data, while providing information about both the structure and complexity of a process during its own evolution.

In this work three different processes are modeled: 1. A dynamic neutralization process. 2. An aqueous two-phase system. 3. Reduction of a biodegradation model. In all three cases, EPNN shows better or at least equal performances over published data than traditional thermodynamics /transport or …

Integration Of E-Business Strategy For Multi-Lifecycle Production Systems, Yanchun Luo

Dissertations

Internet use has grown exponentially on the last few years becoming a global communication and business resource. Internet-based business, or e-Business will truly affect every sector of the economy in ways that today we can only imagine. The manufacturing sector will be at the forefront of this change. This doctoral dissertation provides a scientific framework and a set of novel decision support tools for evaluating, modeling, and optimizing the overall performance of e-Business integrated multi-lifecycle production systems. The characteristics of this framework include environmental lifecycle study, environmental performance metrics, hyper-network model of integrated e-supply chain networks, fuzzy multi-objective optimization method, …

Saturation Routing For Asynchronous Transfer Mode (Atm) Networks, Jose Luis Ucles

Dissertations

The main objective of this thesis is to show that saturation routing, often in the past considered inefficient, can in fact be a viable approach to use in many important applications and services over an Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) network. For other applications and services, a hybrid approach (one that partially uses saturation routing) is presented. First, the minimum effects of saturation routing are demonstrated by showing that the ratio, defined as f, of routing overhead cells over information cells is small even for large networks. Second, modeling and simulation and M/D/l queuing analysis techniques are used to show that …

High Solid Loading Aqueous Base Metal/Ceramic Feedstock For Injection Molding, Mohammad Behi

Dissertations

Increasing volume fraction of metal powder in feedstock provided lower shrinkage. Reduction of the shrinkage results in better dimensional precision. The rheology of the feedstock material plays an important role to allowing larger volume fractions of the metal powder to be incorporated in the feedstock forinulations. The viscosity of the feedstock inainly depends on the binder viscosity, powder volume fraction and characteristics of metal powder.

Aqueous polysaccharide agar was used as a baseline binder system for this study.The effect of several gel-strengthening additives on 1.5wt% and 2wt% agar gel was evaluated. A new gel-strengthening additive was found to be the …

Modeling And Experimental Validation Of A Single-Feed Semi-Batch Precipitation Process, Ernesto Uehara-Nagamine

Dissertations

Crystallization is a widely practiced unit operation throughout the chemical and pharmaceutical process industries. Despite its widespread application, crystallization still suffers a disproportionate number of process difficulties due to the complexity of the steps involved in the process. In particular, the final characteristics of the product are strongly affected by the mixing conditions during the process. The development of a validated modeling approach would be highly valuable for the successful prediction of the crystal characteristics under differing mixing conditions.

In the present work, the single-feed semi-batch precipitation process of barium sulfate in a stirred tank was experimentally studied and numerically …

Initial Hertzian Characteristics Of The Human Tooth As A Damage Tolerant Bio-Ceramic/Bio-Composite Bi-Layer, Ivory Camille Kilpatrick

Theses

The objective of this thesis was to investigate the Hertzian Contact response of human teeth and how the response behavior is related to that of model ceramic bi-layers (high modulus brittle ceramics on compliant substrates). Hertzian Contact is a blunt indentation method, which uses a hard spherical indenter to apply a normal compressive load. Clinical variables of masticatory (occlusal) force and cuspal curvature identify closely with the independent Hertzian variables of contact load and sphere radius [1]. This method offers insight into the role of microstructure and microstructure- sensitive mechanical properties. It was hypothesized that tooth damage modes and patterns …

Dynamic Friction Of Uhmwpe Angular Compliant Bearing For Joint Implants And Machinery, Max Roman

Theses

The feasibility of a unique design of orthopedic- joint implant is investigated. The work focuses on the dynamic friction characteristics of a new joint. This unique design can be also useful in machinery involving oscillating motion similar to that of the hip joint during walking. An elastomeric layer bonded behind the rigid acetubular cup can be beneficial in improving the durability of prosthetic implants. Angular compliance offered by the elastomeric layer reduces relative sliding between the surfaces, lowers contact stresses by distributing pressure more evenly, and reduces the possibility of incongruent loading conditions caused by misalignment. The application of a …

Characterization Of Alpha And Beta Phases Of Tantalum Coatings, Anto Yohannan

Theses

Sputtered tantalum forms two phases - α and β. The α and β phases have distinctly different crystalline structures and properties. The structure and the causes of formation of the β phase are still being studied by researchers. This is a study to distinguish and characterize these two phases. Samples from Bennet Labs and NJIT were characterized using techniques such as SEM, EDX, XRF, XRD, TEM and XAFS. Samples deposited at NJIT were used for an experimental study on the conditions favoring the formation of the phases, by depositing tantalum on heated steel and silicon substrates, additionally TEM analysis was …

Mechanical Design Of The Heater Used In Near Infrared Filter, Jun Ma

Theses

This thesis presents a design and analytical process in the application of the heater used in a near infrared filter working in Big Bear Solar Observatory, CA. The objective of the project is to achieve the physics parameters for the filter, which will be used in the observation of the solar activity.

The most important part of this design is to keep a relatively fixed temperature inside the oven-like heater. The reason is that optical properties of calcite (kind of filter in telescope) are pretty sensitive to a tiny disturbance on inside temperature. This was the biggest issue in this …

Encoding And Storage Components Of Verbal Working Memory As Revealed By A Factorial Design, An Fmri Study, Jason Steffener

Theses

In this fMRI study, the contributions of frontal and posterior brain regions to verbal working memory were investigated. A two-factor design with low and high memory load (2 and 5 letters) and short and long delay (4 and 12 secs.) as factors were used. Based on reports in the literature, we expect activity in the following frontal and parietal brain regions of interest (ROIs): Brodmann areas (BA) 6, 9, 46, 44, 45, 7 and 40. The analysis of collected flvM data involved image processing and statistical analysis methods including realignment, spatial normalization, spatial smoothing, temporal filtering, intensity normalization, statistical tests, …

Parametric Study Of Heavy Metal Partitioning In A Pilot Scale Incinerator Burning Simulated Municipal Solid Waste, Sukrut S. Thipse

Dissertations

Incineration is a combustion process used to convert toxic waste to benign gases and residue in presence of excess air. The products of the incineration process are bottom ash, fly ash and the flue gas. Most of the metal-based phases formed in incineration are toxic and their emissions need to be strictly controlled. Therefore, behavior of metal species during incineration must be well understood. Such understanding is possible based on the experimental identification of the metal phases formed in the waste combustion and determination of their concentration in various incineration products.

A pilot-scale incinerator of 140,000 Btu/hr capacity was constructed, …

Turbo Space-Time Coded Modulation : Principle And Performance Analysis, Dongzhe Cui

Dissertations

A breakthrough in coding was achieved with the invention of turbo codes. Turbo codes approach Shannon capacity by displaying the properties of long random codes, yet allowing efficient decoding. Coding alone, however, cannot fully address the problem of multipath fading channel. Recent advances in information theory have revolutionized the traditional view of multipath channel as an impairment. New results show that high gains in capacity can be achieved through the use of multiple antennas at the transmitter and the receiver. To take advantage of these new results in information theory, it is necessary to devise methods that allow communication systems …

Low Energy Implantation Of Boron With Decaborane Ions, Maria Angela Albano

Dissertations

The goal of this dissertation was to determine the feasibility of a novel approach to forming ultra shallow p-type junctions (tens of nm.) needed for future generations of Si MOS devices. In the new approach, B dopant atoms are implanted by cluster ions obtained by ionization of decaborane (B₁₀H₁₄)vapor. Each B atom carries only ~9% of the cluster kinetic energy and the B dose per unit charge is 10 times larger than in the case of monomer ion beams. Thus, the problems of spacecharge, limiting the extraction and transport of low energy (< = 1 keV) beams of B⁺ ions, can …

A Conceptual Framework Of Cost/Benefit Justification For Ergonomic Projects To Reduce Musculoskeletal Disorders In The Workplace, Nitipong Boon-Long

Dissertations

A framework for justifying ergonomic projects to the overall cost savings is developed which estimates the extent of musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) exposures to a specific industry. A cost structure is developed to estimate the investment needed for an ergonomics program and the costs related to MSDs problems including workers' compensation costs, work-related costs, and labor turnover costs. Data was adopted from sources including Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS), the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP-3), and estimates suggested in OSHA's former Ergonomics Standard. Top fifteen manufacturing industries with the highest MSDs rates were selected to apply the framework. Results showed …

Scheduling Algorithms For High-Speed Switches, Jinhui Li

Dissertations

The virtual output queued (VOQ) switching architecture was adopted for high speed switch implementation owing to its scalability and high throughput. An ideal VOQ algorithm should provide Quality of Service (QoS) with low complexity. However, none of the existing algorithms can meet these requirements.

Several algorithms for VOQ switches are introduced in this dissertation in order to improve upon existing algorithms in terms of implementation or QoS features. Initially, the earliest due date first matching (EDDFM) algorithm, which is stable for both uniform and non-uniform traffic patterns, is proposed. EDDFM has lower probability of cell overdue than other existing maximum …

Fractionation & Segregation Of Suspended Particles Using Acoustic And Flow Fields, Nazhat Aboobaker

Dissertations

The fractionation of particles by size or by density has many applications in a variety of technologies. Decontamination and separation of fine sediments is useful in treating sediments. The application of acoustic standing wave fields for the fractionation and segregation of suspended particles was studied.

The above technology was implemented at the bench scale by building a Plexiglas chamber. Two ultrasound transducers were fixed to opposite sides of the chamber to generate the acoustic standing wave field. The technology was evaluated using silica dioxide (Si02) (1-5 ~tm) and silicon carbide (SiQ (5-20 ~tm) particle suspensions in deionized water. Due to …

2d And 3d Surface Image Processing Algorithms And Their Applications, Jianlin Gao

Dissertations

This doctoral dissertation work aims to develop algorithms for 2D image segmentation application of solar filament disappearance detection, 3D mesh simplification, and 3D image warping in pre-surgery simulation. Filament area detection in solar images is an image segmentation problem. A thresholding and region growing combined method is proposed and applied in this application. Based on the filament area detection results, filament disappearances are reported in real time. The solar images in 1999 are processed with this proposed system and three statistical results of filaments are presented.

3D images can be obtained by passive and active range sensing. An image registration …

An Investigation Of Centrifugal Blood-Cell Separation, Timothy Edward Roche

Dissertations

This dissertation investigated the centrifugal, batch separation of whole blood into subpopulations of red blood cells (erythrocytes) and white blood cells (leukocytes). Separations took place in a custom-built centrifuge (using a seal-less, anti-twisting feed/withdrawal system) containing, a 25-ml capacity separation chamber. The blood separation chamber had dart-shaped geometry in the radial plane and a constant depth in the axial direction. Separation experiments were performed on whole bovine blood at varying hematocrit, centrifuge speed, and batch duration. A small, companion study of whole human blood separation runs also were conducted; they concentrated on batch duration effect and achieved superior separations.

A …

Channel Estimation And Signal Enhancement For Ds-Cdma Systems, Kun Wang

Dissertations

This dissertation focuses on topics of Bayesian-based multiuser detection, space-time (S-T) transceiver design, and S-T channel parameter estimation for direct-sequence code-division multiple-access (DS-CDMA) systems.

Using the Bayesian framework, various linear and simplified nonlinear multiuser detectors are proposed, and their performances are analyzed. The simplified non-linear Bayesian solutions can bridge the performance gap between sub-optimal linear multiuser detectors and the optimum multiuser detector.

To further improve the system capacity and performance, S-T transceiver design approaches with complexity constraint are investigated. Novel S-T receivers of low-complexity that jointly use the temporal code-signature and the spatial signature are proposed. Our solutions, which lead …

An Experimental Study Of Dry Particle Coating : Devices, Operating Parameters And Applications, Michelle Ramlakhan Mohan

Dissertations

Dry particle coating, which mechanically coats fine guest particles onto the surfaces of larger host particles, without binders or solvents, is investigated. Several systems of host and guest particles are coated in different devices to study various aspects of dry particle coating. The devices used are Magnetically Assisted Impaction Coating (MAIC) device, Mechanofusion, and the Hybridizer.

MAIC is used to coat fine SiO₂ guest particles onto the surface of larger cornstarch and cellulose host particles. This is done to simultaneously improve the flowability of the host particles, as well as reduce their hydrophilicity. Dry particle coating is used to …

Modeling, Design And Scheduling Of Computer Integrated Manufacturing And Demanufacturing Systems, Ying Tang

Dissertations

This doctoral dissertation work aims to provide a discrete-event system-based methodology for design, implementation, and operation of flexible and agile manufacturing and demanufacturing systems. After a review of the current academic and industrial activities in these fields, a Virtual Production Lines (VPLs) design methodology is proposed to facilitate a Manufacturing Execution System integrated with a shop floor system. A case study on a back-end semiconductor line is performed to demonstrate that the proposed methodology is effective to increase system throughput and decrease tardiness. An adaptive algorithm is proposed to deal with the machine failure and maintenance. To minimize the environmental …

Transit Productivity Analysis In Heterogeneous Conditions Using Data Envelopment Analysis With An Application To Rail Transit, Manuel J. Martinez

Dissertations

This dissertation extends transit productivity analysis by developing a new method of Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA), the linear programming approach to productivity analysis. The new model analyzes productivity of transit working under heterogeneous operating conditions. It is named Two-Farrell DEA for it applies DEA in two stages, DEA (1), that calculates the productivity frontiers at given operating conditions and DEA (2), that uses inputs adjusted by multipliers calculated in DEA (l). The model Two Farrell DEA calculated productivity benchmarks for each rail transit agency and estimated its potential for higher revenue or lower expense improvement. Additionally, the results identify two …

Joint Source Channel Coding For Progressive Image Transmission, Minyi Zhao

Dissertations

Recent wavelet-based image compression algorithms achieve best ever performances with fully embedded bit streams. However, those embedded bit streams are very sensitive to channel noise and protections from channel coding are necessary. Typical error correcting capability of channel codes varies according to different channel conditions. Thus, separate design leads to performance degradation relative to what could be achieved through joint design. In joint source-channel coding schemes, the choice of source coding parameters may vary over time and channel conditions. In this research, we proposed a general approach for the evaluation of such joint source-channel coding scheme. Instead of using the …

Predicting Thermodynamic And Transport Parameters For Metal Contaminant Sorption To Hydrated Metal Oxides In Aquatic Systems, Paras Trivedi

Dissertations

Hydrated oxides such as HAO,'HFO, goethite, and BA40 are prevalent in soils and sediments as discrete particles or as coatings. These microporous oxides have large surface areas and high affmity for metal ions, and hence they act as both a sink and a source for anthropogenically released metal contaminants. To better understand risks posed by metals in the environment and to develop effective waste management programs, mechanistic models are needed to accurately predict their fate in soils and sediments.

To achieve this objective, sorption of metal ions Sr, Cd, Zn, Ni, and Ca to these oxides were studied with macroscopic …

Novel Multiuser Detection And Multi-Rate Schemes For Multi-Carrier Cdma, Pingping Zong

Dissertations

A large variety of services is [sic] expected for wireless systems, in particular, high data rate services, such as wireless Internet access. Users with different data rates and quality of service (QoS) requirements must be accommodated. A suitable multiple access scheme is key to enabling wireless systems to support both the high data rate and the integrated multiple data rate transmissions with satisfactory performance and flexibility. A multi-carrier code division multiple access (MC-CDMA) scheme is a promising candidate for emerging broadband wireless systems. MC-CDMA is a hybrid of orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) and code division multiple access (CDMA). The …

Plasma Induced Damage To Si And Sige Devices And Materials, Wei Zhong

Dissertations

This thesis studied the plasma-induced damage to Si and strained Si_1-xGe_x, and the resulting change in device characteristics. The energetic particles (ions, electrons and photons) in plasma reactor present a potentially hostile environment for processing VLSI devices. An inductively coupled plasma (ICP) reactor was used to study its damage effects to thin gate oxides. Electrical characterizations by C-V, ramped voltage breakdown (RVB) and deep-level transient spectroscopy (DLTS) measurement, and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis were employed to investigate the damages to thin gate oxides and Si/SiO₂ interface. The shift of flat band voltage, the reduction …

Designing Web-Based Adaptive Learning Environment : Distils As An Example, Lilian Cao

Dissertations

In this study, two components are developed for the Web-based adaptive learning: an online Intelligent Tutoring Tool (ITT) and an Adaptive Lecture Guidance (ALG). The ITT provides students timely problem-solving help in a dynamic Web environment. The ALG prevents students from being disoriented when a new domain is presented using Web technology. A prototype, Distributed Intelligent Learning System (DISTILS), has been implemented in a general chemistry laboratory domain.

In DISTILS, students interact with the ITT through a Web browser. When a student selects a problem, the problem is formatted and displayed in the user interface for the student to solve. …