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Articles 31 - 43 of 43
Full-Text Articles in Engineering
Emergence Of Home Manufacturing In The Developed World: Return On Investment For Open-Source 3-D Printers., Emily E. Petersen, Joshua M. Pearce
Emergence Of Home Manufacturing In The Developed World: Return On Investment For Open-Source 3-D Printers., Emily E. Petersen, Joshua M. Pearce
Department of Materials Science and Engineering Publications
Through reduced 3-D printer cost, increased usability, and greater material selection, additive manufacturing has transitioned from business manufacturing to the average prosumer. This study serves as a representative model for the potential future of 3-D printing in the average American household by employing a printer operator who was relatively unfamiliar with 3-D printing and the 3-D design files of common items normally purchased by the average consumer. Twenty-six items were printed in thermoplastic and a cost analysis was performed through comparison to comparable, commercially available products at a low and high price range. When compared to the low-cost items, investment …
Open-Source Automated Mapping Four-Point Probe, Handy Chandra, Spencer W. Allen, Shane W. Oberloier, Nupur Bihari, Jephias Gwamuri, Joshua M. Pearce
Open-Source Automated Mapping Four-Point Probe, Handy Chandra, Spencer W. Allen, Shane W. Oberloier, Nupur Bihari, Jephias Gwamuri, Joshua M. Pearce
Department of Materials Science and Engineering Publications
Scientists have begun using self-replicating rapid prototyper (RepRap) 3-D printers to manufacture open source digital designs of scientific equipment. This approach is refined here to develop a novel instrument capable of performing automated large-area four-point probe measurements. The designs for conversion of a RepRap 3-D printer to a 2-D open source four-point probe (OS4PP) measurement device are detailed for the mechanical and electrical systems. Free and open source software and firmware are developed to operate the tool. The OS4PP was validated against a wide range of discrete resistors and indium tin oxide (ITO) samples of different thicknesses both pre- and …
Nuclear Insurance Subsidies Cost From Post-Fukushima Accounting Based On Media Sources, John Laureto, Joshua M. Pearce
Nuclear Insurance Subsidies Cost From Post-Fukushima Accounting Based On Media Sources, John Laureto, Joshua M. Pearce
Department of Materials Science and Engineering Publications
Quantification of nuclear liability insurance is difficult without arbitrary liability caps; however, post-mortem calculations can be used to calculate insurance costs. This study analyzes the Fukushima (Daiichi) nuclear power plant disaster to quantify the cost per unit electricity ($/kWh) of nuclear energy from the lifetime of the plant after accounting for the true cost of the liability needed to cover the damages from the nuclear disaster determined from news reports. These costs are then compared to the cost of electricity currently paid by Japanese consumers, and then are aggregated to determine the indirect subsidy for nuclear power providers in both …
Open Source Database And Website To Provide Free And Open Access To Inactive U.S. Patents In The Public Domain, Yuenyong Nilsiam, Joshua M. Pearce
Open Source Database And Website To Provide Free And Open Access To Inactive U.S. Patents In The Public Domain, Yuenyong Nilsiam, Joshua M. Pearce
Department of Materials Science and Engineering Publications
Although theoretically the patent system is meant to bolster innovation, the current United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) is cumbersome and involves a significant time investment to locate inactive patents less than 20 years old. This article reports on the development of an open source database to find these public domain ideas. First, a search strategy is explained. Then the operation and use of free and open source software are detailed to meet the needs of open hardware innovators. Finally, a case study is presented to demonstrate the utility of the approach with 3-D printing. The results showed how …
Open Source Laser Polymer Welding System: Design And Characterization Of Linear Low-Density Polyethylene Multilayer Welds, John Laureto, Serguei V. Dessiatoun, Michael M. Ohadi, Joshua M. Pearce
Open Source Laser Polymer Welding System: Design And Characterization Of Linear Low-Density Polyethylene Multilayer Welds, John Laureto, Serguei V. Dessiatoun, Michael M. Ohadi, Joshua M. Pearce
Department of Materials Science and Engineering Publications
The use of lasers to weld polymer sheets provides a means of highly-adaptive and custom additive manufacturing for a wide array of industrial, medical, and end user/consumer applications. This paper provides an open source design for a laser polymer welding system, which can be fabricated with low-cost fused filament fabrication and off-the-shelf mechanical and electrical parts. The system is controlled with free and open source software and firmware. The operation of the machine is validated and the performance of the system is quantified for the mechanical properties (peak load) and weld width of linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE) lap welds …
Free And Open-Source Control Software For 3-D Motion And Processing, Bas Wijnen, G. C. Anzalone, Amberlee S. Haselhuhn, Paul G. Sanders, Joshua M. Pearce
Free And Open-Source Control Software For 3-D Motion And Processing, Bas Wijnen, G. C. Anzalone, Amberlee S. Haselhuhn, Paul G. Sanders, Joshua M. Pearce
Department of Materials Science and Engineering Publications
RepRap 3-D printers and their derivatives using conventional firmware are limited by: 1) requiring technical knowledge, 2) poor resilience with unreliable hardware, and 3) poor integration in complicated systems. In this paper, a new control system called Franklin, for CNC machines in general and 3-D printers specifically, is presented that enables web-based three dimensional control of additive, subtractive and analytical tools from any Internet connected device. Franklin can be set up and controlled entirely from a web interface; it uses a custom protocol which allows it to continue printing when the connection is temporarily lost, and allows communication with scripts.
Influence Of Oxygen Concentration On The Performance Of Ultra-Thin Rf Magnetron Sputter Deposited Indium Tin Oxide Films As A Top Electrode For Photovoltaic Devices, Jephias Gwamuri, Murugesan Marikkannan, J. Mayandi, Patrick Bowen, Joshua M. Pearce
Influence Of Oxygen Concentration On The Performance Of Ultra-Thin Rf Magnetron Sputter Deposited Indium Tin Oxide Films As A Top Electrode For Photovoltaic Devices, Jephias Gwamuri, Murugesan Marikkannan, J. Mayandi, Patrick Bowen, Joshua M. Pearce
Department of Materials Science and Engineering Publications
The opportunity for substantial efficiency enhancements of thin film hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) solar photovoltaic (PV) cells using plasmonic absorbers requires ultra-thin transparent conducting oxide top electrodes with low resistivity and high transmittances in the visible range of the electromagnetic spectrum. Fabricating ultra-thin indium tin oxide (ITO) films (sub-50 nm) using conventional methods has presented a number of challenges; however, a novel method involving chemical shaving of thicker (greater than 80 nm) RF sputter deposited high-quality ITO films has been demonstrated. This study investigates the effect of oxygen concentration on the etch rates of RF sputter deposited ITO films to …
Integrated Voltage—Current Monitoring And Control Of Gas Metal Arc Weld Magnetic Ball-Jointed Open Source 3-D Printer, Yuenyong Nilsiam, Amberlee S. Haselhuhn, Bas Wijnen, Paul G. Sanders, Joshua M. Pearce
Integrated Voltage—Current Monitoring And Control Of Gas Metal Arc Weld Magnetic Ball-Jointed Open Source 3-D Printer, Yuenyong Nilsiam, Amberlee S. Haselhuhn, Bas Wijnen, Paul G. Sanders, Joshua M. Pearce
Department of Materials Science and Engineering Publications
To provide process optimization of metal fabricating self-replicating rapid prototyper (RepRap) 3-D printers requires a low-cost sensor and data logger system to measure current (I) and voltage (V) of the gas metal arc welders (GMAW). This paper builds on previous open-source hardware development to provide a real-time measurement of welder I-V where the measuring circuit is connected to two analog inputs of the Arduino that is used to control the 3-D printer itself. Franklin firmware accessed through a web interface that is used to control the printer allows storing the measured values and downloading those stored readings to the user’s …
Controlling Optical Absorption In Metamaterial Absorbers For Plasmonic Solar Cells, Wyatt Adams, Ankit Vora, Jephias Gwamuri, Joshua M. Pearce, Durdo O. Guney
Controlling Optical Absorption In Metamaterial Absorbers For Plasmonic Solar Cells, Wyatt Adams, Ankit Vora, Jephias Gwamuri, Joshua M. Pearce, Durdo O. Guney
Department of Materials Science and Engineering Publications
Metals in the plasmonic metamaterial absorbers for photovoltaics constitute undesired resistive heating. However, tailoring the geometric skin depth of metals can minimize resistive losses while maximizing the optical absorbance in the active semiconductors of the photovoltaic device. Considering experimental permittivity data for InxGa1-xN, absorbance in the semiconductor layers of the photovoltaic device can reach above 90%. The results here also provides guidance to compare the performance of different semiconductor materials. This skin depth engineering approach can also be applied to other optoelectronic devices, where optimizing the device performance demands minimizing resistive losses and power consumption, such as photodetectors, laser diodes, …
Open-Source Photometric System For Enzymatic Nitrate Quantification, Ben T. Wittbrodt, D. A. Squires, J. Walbeck, E. Campbell, W. H. Campbell, Joshua M. Pearce
Open-Source Photometric System For Enzymatic Nitrate Quantification, Ben T. Wittbrodt, D. A. Squires, J. Walbeck, E. Campbell, W. H. Campbell, Joshua M. Pearce
Department of Materials Science and Engineering Publications
Nitrate, the most oxidized form of nitrogen, is regulated to protect people and animals from harmful levels as there is a large over abundance due to anthropogenic factors. Widespread field testing for nitrate could begin to address the nitrate pollution problem, however, the Cadmium Reduction Method, the leading certified method to detect and quantify nitrate, demands the use of a toxic heavy metal. An alternative, the recently proposed Environmental Protection Agency Nitrate Reductase Nitrate-Nitrogen Analysis Method, eliminates this problem but requires an expensive proprietary spectrophotometer. The development of an inexpensive portable, handheld photometer will greatly expedite field nitrate analysis to …
Low-Cost Open-Source Voltage And Current Monitor For Gas Metal Arc Weld 3d Printing, Anthony Pinar, Bas Wijnen, Gerald C. Anzalone, Timothy C. Havens, Paul G. Sanders, Joshua M. Pearce
Low-Cost Open-Source Voltage And Current Monitor For Gas Metal Arc Weld 3d Printing, Anthony Pinar, Bas Wijnen, Gerald C. Anzalone, Timothy C. Havens, Paul G. Sanders, Joshua M. Pearce
Department of Materials Science and Engineering Publications
Arduino open-source microcontrollers are well known in sensor applications for scientific equipment and for controlling RepRap 3D printers. Recently low-cost open-source gas metal arc weld (GMAW) RepRap 3D printers have been developed. The entry-level welders used have minimal controls and therefore lack any real-time measurement of welder voltage or current. The preliminary work on process optimization of GMAW 3D printers requires a low-cost sensor and data logger system to measure welder current and voltage. This paper reports on the development of a low-cost open-source power measurement sensor system based on Arduino architecture. The sensor system was designed, built, and tested …
Open-Source Syringe Pump Library, Bas Wijnen, Emily J. Hunt, Gerald C. Anzalone, Joshua M. Pearce
Open-Source Syringe Pump Library, Bas Wijnen, Emily J. Hunt, Gerald C. Anzalone, Joshua M. Pearce
Department of Materials Science and Engineering Publications
This article explores a new open-source method for developing and manufacturing high-quality scientific equipment suitable for use in virtually any laboratory. A syringe pump was designed using freely available open-source computer aided design (CAD) software and manufactured using an open-source RepRap 3-D printer and readily available parts. The design, bill of materials and assembly instructions are globally available to anyone wishing to use them. Details are provided covering the use of the CAD software and the RepRap 3-D printer. The use of an open-source Rasberry Pi computer as a wireless control device is also illustrated. Performance of the syringe pump …
Mechanical Properties Of Components Fabricated With Open-Source 3-D Printers Under Realistic Environmental Conditions, B. M. Tymrak, M Kreiger, Joshua M. Pearce
Mechanical Properties Of Components Fabricated With Open-Source 3-D Printers Under Realistic Environmental Conditions, B. M. Tymrak, M Kreiger, Joshua M. Pearce
Department of Materials Science and Engineering Publications
he recent development of the RepRap, an open-source self-replicating rapid prototyper, has made 3-D polymer-based printers readily available to the public at low costs ( < $500). The resultant uptake of 3-D printing technology enables for the first time mass-scale distributed digital manufacturing. RepRap variants currently fabricate objects primarily from acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) and polylactic acid (PLA), which have melting temperatures low enough to use in melt extrusion outside of a dedicated facility, while high enough for prints to retain their shape at average use temperatures. In order for RepRap printed parts to be useful for engineering applications the mechanical properties of printed parts must be known. This study quantifies the basic tensile strength and elastic modulus of printed components using realistic environmental conditions for standard users of a selection of open-source 3-D printers. The results find average tensile strengths of 28.5 MPa for ABS and 56.6 MPa for PLA with average elastic moduli of 1807 MPa for ABS and 3368 MPa for PLA. It is clear from these results that parts printed from tuned, low-cost, open-source RepRap 3-D printers can be considered as mechanically functional in tensile applications as those from commercial vendors.