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Full-Text Articles in Engineering
Structural Characteristics Of Carbon Nanofibers For On-Chip Interconnect Applications, Yusuke Ominami, Quoc Ngo, Alexander J. Austin, Hans Yoong, Cary Y. Yang, Alan M. Cassell, Brett A. Cruden, Jun Li, M. Meyyappan
Structural Characteristics Of Carbon Nanofibers For On-Chip Interconnect Applications, Yusuke Ominami, Quoc Ngo, Alexander J. Austin, Hans Yoong, Cary Y. Yang, Alan M. Cassell, Brett A. Cruden, Jun Li, M. Meyyappan
Electrical and Computer Engineering
In this letter, we compare the structures of plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition of Ni-catalyzed and Pd-catalyzed carbon nanofibers (CNFs) synthesized for on-chip interconnect applications with scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM). The Ni-catalyzed CNF has a conventional fiberlike structure and many graphitic layers that are almost parallel to the substrate at the CNF base. In contrast, the Pd-catalyzed CNF has a multiwall nanotubelike structure on the sidewall spanning the entire CNF. The microstructure observed in the Pd-catalyzed fibers at the CNF-metal interface has the potential to lower contact resistance significantly, as our electrical measurements using current-sensing atomic force microscopy indicate. A …
Uncertainty In Projections Of Streamflow Changes Due To Climate Change In California, Edwin P. Maurer, Philip B. Duffy
Uncertainty In Projections Of Streamflow Changes Due To Climate Change In California, Edwin P. Maurer, Philip B. Duffy
Civil, Environmental and Sustainable Engineering
Understanding the uncertainty in the projected impacts of climate change on hydrology will help decision-makers interpret the confidence in different projected future hydrologic impacts. We focus on California, which is vulnerable to hydrologic impacts of climate change. We statistically bias correct and downscale temperature and precipitation projections from 10 GCMs participating in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project. These GCM simulations include a control period (unchanging CO2 and other forcing) and perturbed period (1%/year CO2 increase). We force a hydrologic model with the downscaled GCM data to generate streamflow at strategic points. While the different GCMs predict significantly different regional climate …