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Articles 31 - 60 of 66
Full-Text Articles in Engineering
Chemistry Of Nanoscale Solids And Organic Matter In Sustainable Water Management Systems, Xuanhao Wu
Chemistry Of Nanoscale Solids And Organic Matter In Sustainable Water Management Systems, Xuanhao Wu
McKelvey School of Engineering Theses & Dissertations
To alleviate global water scarcity and improve public health, engineered water treatment and management systems have been developed for purifying contaminated water and desalinating brackish or ocean water. These engineered systems provide substantial amounts of potable water and lessen environmental concerns about the release of contaminated water. Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), water desalination plants (WDPs), and managed aquifer recharge systems (MARs) are three representative sustainable water management (SWM) systems. But the operation of all three poses two fundamental questions: (1) What is the fate of nanoscale solids (e.g., engineered nanomaterials, naturally occurring nanoparticles) in SWM systems and how will their …
Cfd Analysis Of A Wind Turbine Airfoil With Flap, Heyou Tan
Cfd Analysis Of A Wind Turbine Airfoil With Flap, Heyou Tan
McKelvey School of Engineering Theses & Dissertations
The focus of this thesis is to evaluate the aerodynamic performance of NREL S809 airfoil (widely used airfoil for wind turbine blades) with a trailing-edge flap by numerical simulations. In the simulations, the geometry of the flap and the gap between the main element and the flap are varied. The airfoil geometry is created in Design Modeler and structured mesh around the airfoil is generated using meshing software ICEM. Simulations are performed using the Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) equations with SST k-ω, Spalart-Allmaras (SA) and Wray-Agarwal (WA) turbulence models at Reynolds number 106 at angles of attack of 0o …
Applying Bayesian Techniques To The Optimization Of Parameterized Quantum Circuits, Arthur Rattew
Applying Bayesian Techniques To The Optimization Of Parameterized Quantum Circuits, Arthur Rattew
McKelvey School of Engineering Theses & Dissertations
In this work, we explore the challenges faced when creating quantum algorithms for near-term quantum computers. We examine the characteristics of problems that are amenable to such advantage, and the limitations of existing approaches. Additionally, we explore the importance of the classical optimizer in the Variational Quantum Eigensolver (VQE), and propose a Bayesian method to optimally configure a single parameter in a given quantum circuit. Experimental testing confirms that our method is significantly more tolerant to noise than the existing analytical approach and its variants (p < 0.008).
Joint Estimation Of Attenuation And Scatter For Tomographic Imaging With The Broken Ray Transform, Michael Ray Walker
Joint Estimation Of Attenuation And Scatter For Tomographic Imaging With The Broken Ray Transform, Michael Ray Walker
McKelvey School of Engineering Theses & Dissertations
The single-scatter approximation is fundamental for many tomographic imaging problems. This class broadly includes x-ray scattering imaging and optical scatter imaging for certain media. In all cases, noisy measurements are affected by both local events and nonlocal attenuation. Related applications typically focus on reconstructing one of two images: scatter density or total attenuation. However, both images are media specific. Both images are useful for object identification. Knowledge of one image aides estimation of the other, especially when estimating images from noisy data.Joint image recovery has been demonstrated analytically in the context of the broken ray transform (BRT) for attenuation and …
Influence Of Separator Surface Charge On The Nucleation And Penetration Dynamics Of Metal Electrodes In Concentrated Electrolytes, Sikuang Wang
McKelvey School of Engineering Theses & Dissertations
No abstract provided.
First-Principles Studies Of Anion Engineering In Functional Ceramics, Steven Timothy Hartman
First-Principles Studies Of Anion Engineering In Functional Ceramics, Steven Timothy Hartman
McKelvey School of Engineering Theses & Dissertations
Ceramic materials display a wide variety of valuable properties, such as ferroelectricity, superconductivity, and magnetic ordering, due to the partially covalent bonds which connect the cations and anions. While many breakthroughs have been made by mixing multiple cations on a sublattice, the equivalent mixed-anion ceramics have not received nearly as much attention, despite the key role the anion plays in the materials’ properties. There is great potential for functional ceramics design using anion engineering, which aims to tune the materials properties by adding and removing different types of anions in existing classes of ceramic materials. In this dissertation, I present …
Development Of Novel Instrumentation And Methods To Investigate The Composition And Phase Partitioning Of Semivolatile And Intermediately Volatile Organic Compounds In Atmospheric Organic Aerosol, Claire Fortenberry
McKelvey School of Engineering Theses & Dissertations
Atmospheric particulate matter (PM) is ubiquitous in both indoor and outdoor air and is generally detrimental to human health. PM composed of particles with aerodynamic diameters less than 2.5 um (PM2.5) are related to adverse health outcomes including heart disease and respiratory disease. Fundamentally, particle physical properties such as size and hygroscopicity are dictated by chemical composition, which can be highly complex, particularly for organic aerosol (OA). In both outdoor and indoor air, OA is composed substantially of intermediately volatile and semivolatile organic compounds (I/SVOCs), which exist in both gas and particle phases under typical atmospheric conditions. The distribution of …
Exploring Attacks And Defenses In Additive Manufacturing Processes: Implications In Cyber-Physical Security, Nicholas Deily
Exploring Attacks And Defenses In Additive Manufacturing Processes: Implications In Cyber-Physical Security, Nicholas Deily
McKelvey School of Engineering Theses & Dissertations
Many industries are rapidly adopting additive manufacturing (AM) because of the added versatility this technology offers over traditional manufacturing techniques. But with AM, there comes a unique set of security challenges that must be addressed. In particular, the issue of part verification is critically important given the growing reliance of safety-critical systems on 3D printed parts. In this thesis, the current state of part verification technologies will be examined in the con- text of AM-specific geometric-modification attacks, and an automated tool for 3D printed part verification will be presented. This work will cover: 1) the impacts of malicious attacks on …
The Mechanobiology Of Elbow Contracture: Pathogenesis And Prevention, Chelsey Dunham
The Mechanobiology Of Elbow Contracture: Pathogenesis And Prevention, Chelsey Dunham
McKelvey School of Engineering Theses & Dissertations
Post-traumatic elbow contracture is a multi-tissue pathology which develops in up to 50% of patients following elbow trauma (e.g., fracture, dislocation). It is unclear which periarticular soft tissues are driving the functional deficit following injury because it is not possible in clinical settings to isolate each soft tissues’ mechanical and biological contributions to elbow contracture. Therefore, an animal model is needed to identify the primary periarticular soft tissue(s) which contribute to contracture. The first animal models of contracture were developed in the knee; however, these studies are not generalizable to the elbow due to anatomical and functional differences between these …
Cognitive Radar Detection In Nonstationary Environments And Target Tracking, Yijian Xiang
Cognitive Radar Detection In Nonstationary Environments And Target Tracking, Yijian Xiang
McKelvey School of Engineering Theses & Dissertations
Target detection and tracking are the most fundamental and important problems in a wide variety of defense and civilian radar systems. In recent years, to cope with complex environments and stealthy targets, the concept of cognitive radars has been proposed to integrate intelligent modules into conventional radar systems. To achieve better performance, cognitive radars are designed to sense, learn from, and adapt to environments. In this dissertation, we introduce cognitive radars for target detection in nonstationary environments and cognitive radar networks for target tracking.For target detection, many algorithms in the literature assume a stationary environment (clutter). However, in practical scenarios, …
Tissue Engineering Of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells For The Development Of Novel Treatment Strategies For Osteoarthritis, Alison Ross
McKelvey School of Engineering Theses & Dissertations
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a debilitating joint disease that is primarily characterized by the degeneration of articular cartilage, the soft connective tissue that covers articulating bone surfaces in diarthrodial joints. While there are a number of risk factors for developing OA, the progression of this disease is mediated in part by pro-inflammatory cytokines from both the synovium and chondrocytes, the resident cells of articular cartilage. These cytokines, specifically interleukin 1 (IL-1) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), induce aberrant expression of catabolic and degradative enzymes and inflammatory cytokines in OA, which promotes degradation of engineered tissues as well as native articular …
Nucleation Dynamics For Water Condensation On Hydrophobic Surfaces In The Presence Of Non-Condensable Gases, Xinyu Jiang
Nucleation Dynamics For Water Condensation On Hydrophobic Surfaces In The Presence Of Non-Condensable Gases, Xinyu Jiang
McKelvey School of Engineering Theses & Dissertations
The density and rate of nucleation (here-in called nucleation density rate) significantly influences the heat transfer performance during dropwise condensation, as more than 70% of the total heat transfer happen for droplets smaller than 10 μm. Based on the classical nucleation theory, supersaturation strongly influences nucleation dynamics. However, the presence of non-condensable gas can strongly reduce the nucleation density rate by forming a vapor-depleted gas diffusion layer. Therefore, this work studied the relationship between nucleation density rate and supersaturation ratio during dropwise condensation on subcooled smooth hydrophobic surfaces with the presence of non-condensable gases in a custom-built condensation chamber. High-speed …
Quantitative Fluorescence Imaging For Investigation And Treatment Of Disease, Lemoyne Michael Habimana-Griffin
Quantitative Fluorescence Imaging For Investigation And Treatment Of Disease, Lemoyne Michael Habimana-Griffin
McKelvey School of Engineering Theses & Dissertations
Molecular imaging is a powerful tool that enables interrogation of basic molecular mechanisms, diagnosis of disease, guidance of therapeutic modalities and monitoring of treatment response. Among the various imaging modalities, optical imaging is particularly suited for preclinical molecular imaging owing to its high sensitivity, lack of exposure to ionizing radiation, low cost, portability and scalability of imaging from the microscopic to macroscopic scale. In particular, fluorescence molecular tomography (FMT) provides quantitative 3D reconstructions of fluorescence distributions down to picomole quantities allowing for whole animal molecular imaging. In this work, FMT is applied to detect disease-specific molecular probes, to monitor and …
Joint Estimation Of Perceptual, Cognitive, And Neural Processes, Katherine Heisey
Joint Estimation Of Perceptual, Cognitive, And Neural Processes, Katherine Heisey
Arts & Sciences Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Humans are remarkable in their ability to perform highly complicated behaviors with ease and little conscious thought. Successful speech comprehension, for example, requires the collaboration of multiple sensory, perceptual, and cognitive processes to focus attention on the speaker, disregard competing cues, correctly process incoming audio stimuli, and attach meaning and context to what is heard. Investigating these phenomena can help unravel crucial aspects of human behavior as well as how the brain works in health and disease. However, traditional methods typically involve isolating individual variables and evaluating their decontextualized contribution to an outcome variable of interest. While rigorous and more …
Exploring Usage Of Web Resources Through A Model Of Api Learning, Finn Voichick
Exploring Usage Of Web Resources Through A Model Of Api Learning, Finn Voichick
McKelvey School of Engineering Theses & Dissertations
Application programming interfaces (APIs) are essential to modern software development, and new APIs are frequently being produced. Consequently, software developers must regularly learn new APIs, which they typically do on the job from online resources rather than in a formal educational context. The Kelleher–Ichinco COIL model, an acronym for “Collection and Organization of Information for Learning,” was recently developed to model the entire API learning process, drawing from information foraging theory, cognitive load theory, and external memory research. We ran an exploratory empirical user study in which participants performed a programming task using the React API with the goal of …
Predicate Informed Syntax-Guidance For Semantic Role Labeling, Sijia Wang
Predicate Informed Syntax-Guidance For Semantic Role Labeling, Sijia Wang
McKelvey School of Engineering Theses & Dissertations
In this thesis, we consider neural network approaches to the semantic role labeling task in seman-tic parsing. Recent state-of-the-art results for semantic role labeling are achieved by combiningLSTM neural networks and pre-trained features. This work offers a simple BERT-based modelwhich shows that, contrary to the popular belief that more complexity means better performance,removing LSTM improves the state of the art for span-based semantic role labeling. This modelhas improved F1 scores on both the test set of CoNLL-2012, and the Brown test set of CoNLL-2005 by at least 3 percentage points.In addition to this refinement of existing architectures, we also propose …
Genetic Interactions And Maternal Genes Modulate Congenital Heart Disease Risk, Ehiole Ogboma Akhirome
Genetic Interactions And Maternal Genes Modulate Congenital Heart Disease Risk, Ehiole Ogboma Akhirome
Arts & Sciences Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Congenital heart disease (CHD) is the most common congenital anomaly, which makes it a leading cause of infant mortality. Congenital heart defects are a cluster of distinct developmental malformations that affect the vasculature, musculature and organization of the heart, each with varying clinical severity. Although medical and surgical advances have reduced CHD mortality in newborns and children, these patients grow up and many experience serious morbidity and early mortality. The first step toward reducing this burden is to understand the causes of CHD. Surprisingly, environmental insults and de novo mutations are estimated to explain less than one-third of CHD cases. …
Spectroscopic Investigations Of Excited Charge Carriers In Ii-Vi Nanoparticles, William Matthew Sanderson
Spectroscopic Investigations Of Excited Charge Carriers In Ii-Vi Nanoparticles, William Matthew Sanderson
Arts & Sciences Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The large absorption cross sections and the tunability of the energetic spacings between the states in the conduction (CB) and valence band (VB) within a semiconductor nanoparticle (NP) make them promising media for capturing electromagnetic radiation and converting it into charge carriers, or electricity. In photovoltaic devices that incorporate semiconductor NPs, it would be ideal if every photon could be absorbed by a NP and the carriers could be collected with perfect efficiency and without loss of energy. The relaxation pathways of the carriers within the NPs down to the band edge and their fate at the band edge contribute …
Phantoms To Placentas: Mr Methods For Oxygen Quantification, Kelsey Meinerz
Phantoms To Placentas: Mr Methods For Oxygen Quantification, Kelsey Meinerz
Arts & Sciences Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Molecular oxygen (O2) is vital for efficient energy production and improper oxygenation is a hallmark of disease or metabolic dysfunction. In many pathologies, knowledge of tissue oxygen levels (pO2) could aid in diagnosis and treatment planning. The gold standard for pO2 measures in tissue are implantable probes, which are invasive, require surgery for placement, and are inaccessible to certain regions of the body. Methods for determining pO2 both non-invasively and quantitatively are lacking. The slight paramagnetic nature of O2 provides opportunities to non-invasively characterize pO2 in tissue via magnetic resonance (MR) techniques. As such, O2 can be treated as a …
Design And Validation Of A Dynamic Pressure-Based Loading Device And 3d Strain Tracking Protocol For Ventral Hernia Modeling, Griffin Kivitz
Design And Validation Of A Dynamic Pressure-Based Loading Device And 3d Strain Tracking Protocol For Ventral Hernia Modeling, Griffin Kivitz
McKelvey School of Engineering Theses & Dissertations
It is estimated that 350,000-500,000 ventral hernia repair surgeries are performed each year in the United States. While the long-term recurrence rate of ventral hernia repairs is not yet known, when tissues are exposed to the trauma of surgery, there is always the chance of recurrence. Commonly used ex vivo testing methods for determining the mechanical properties of the abdominal wall and biomaterials for hernia repair consist primarily of uniaxial and biaxial testing, which are not physiologically relevant loading environments. The need for a testing device that can exert physiologically relevant loads ex vivo to an abdominal wall is crucial …
Vehicle Design Study Of A Straight Flying-Wing With Bell-Shaped Spanload, Kevin Hainline
Vehicle Design Study Of A Straight Flying-Wing With Bell-Shaped Spanload, Kevin Hainline
McKelvey School of Engineering Theses & Dissertations
Straight flying-wing configurations, that is flying wings with zero quarter-chord sweep, are key to understanding bird flight, have potential performance improvements, and are suitable for "survivable" applications. Straight flying-wings are also well suited for morphing geometry, e.g. with variable twist, since changes in lift distribution do not impact longitudinal equilibrium. The straight-flying wing can adjust its lift distribution to optimize aerodynamic efficiency across a wide range of flight conditions. In this thesis, we conduct the design study of a flying-wing with bell-shaped spanload; the study vehicle is called "Biom T1". Biom T1 has a more efficient directional control scheme acheived …
A High Frequency Photoacoustic System For Colorectal Cancer Imaging, Kexin Huang
A High Frequency Photoacoustic System For Colorectal Cancer Imaging, Kexin Huang
McKelvey School of Engineering Theses & Dissertations
While colorectal cancer is the second largest cause of cancer-related deaths in the United States, early detection is a key factor in its survival rate. Compared to conventional imaging modalities, photoacoustic imaging offers benefits in providing angiographic images which are valuable for early-stage tumor detection. This thesis presents the design of a 32-channel 80 MHz photoacoustic image system, whose relatively high frequency offers particular advantages. The system comprises several modules, including a laser system, ultrasound probe, AD convertor, microcontroller (FPGA), and a computer. The system requires programs for the FPGA and the data receiver on the computer. The data transportation …
Cfd Modeling Of Vertical Axis Wind Turbine Arrays Using Actuator Cylinder Theory, Cory Schovanec
Cfd Modeling Of Vertical Axis Wind Turbine Arrays Using Actuator Cylinder Theory, Cory Schovanec
McKelvey School of Engineering Theses & Dissertations
The goal of this thesis is to analyze the flow field and power generation from a vertical axis wind turbine (VAWT) by extending the Actuator Cylinder Model to include the viscous effects. Turbulent flow effects in the Actuator Cylinder Model are modeled by solving the Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) equations with the Spalart-Allmaras (SA) turbulence model in ANSYS FLUENT. A study is performed to establish mesh independence of the solutions. Numerical solutions on a fine mesh are compared to existing theoretical results based on inviscid theory for a series of flow conditions and turbine sizes. Similar trends in the present turbulent …
A Generalized Gaussian Process Likelihood For Psychometric Function Estimation, Jonathan Wenhan Chen
A Generalized Gaussian Process Likelihood For Psychometric Function Estimation, Jonathan Wenhan Chen
McKelvey School of Engineering Theses & Dissertations
Psychometric functions model the relationship between a physical phenomenon, an independent variable, and a subject’s performance on a cognitive task. The estimation of these psychometric functions is critical for the understanding of perception and cognition as well as for the diagnosis and treatment of many sensory conditions. The ability to estimate psychometric functions of any complexity is necessary to this end. In the following thesis, a generalized likelihood function for psychometric function estimation with Gaussian processes is described and validated. Such a likelihood function is necessary to enable the usage of Gaussian processes for the estimation of non-zero guess and …
A New Spatially-Resolved Method To Sample Biofilms From Drinking Water Fountains, Yi Liu
A New Spatially-Resolved Method To Sample Biofilms From Drinking Water Fountains, Yi Liu
McKelvey School of Engineering Theses & Dissertations
A drinking fountain, also called a water fountain, is a facility designed to provide drinking water in public space. It consists of a basin and a spout. The users need to bend down to the stream to collect or drink water. The history of water fountains can be traced back to ancient Rome. Even before potable water was provided to individual homes, water for drinking was already made available to citizens through access to public fountains. Nowadays, drinking water fountains usually exist in public places, like schools, hospitals, and libraries. Many jurisdictions in the United States require drinking fountains to …
Robust Control Of Burst Suppression Amid Physical And Neurological Uncertainty, Stephen Ampleman, Shinung Ching
Robust Control Of Burst Suppression Amid Physical And Neurological Uncertainty, Stephen Ampleman, Shinung Ching
McKelvey School of Engineering Theses & Dissertations
Burst suppression is a clinical term describing a phenomenon in which the electroencephalogram (EEG) of a sedated patient produces behavior that switches between higher frequency and amplitude bursting to lower frequency and lower amplitude suppression. This phenomenon can be observed during general anesthesia, hypothermia, or in an otherwise induced coma state. In a clinical setting, this phenomenon is typically induced by sedation from a drug such as propofol (2,6-diisopropylphenol). The level of sedation can be quantified by something called the burst suppression ratio (BSR), which is defined as the amount of time that a patient’s EEG is in a suppressed …
Embedding Preference Elicitation Within The Search For Dcop Solutions, Yuanming Xiao
Embedding Preference Elicitation Within The Search For Dcop Solutions, Yuanming Xiao
McKelvey School of Engineering Theses & Dissertations
The Distributed Constraint Optimization Problem(DCOP)formulation is a powerful tool to model cooperative multi-agent problems, especially when they are sparsely constrained with one another. A key assumption in this model is that all constraints are fully specified or known a priori, which may not hold in applications where constraints encode preferences of human users. In this thesis, we extend the model to Incomplete DCOPs (I-DCOPs), where some constraints can be partially specified. User preferences for these partially-specified constraints can be elicited during the execution of I-DCOP algorithms, but they incur some elicitation costs. Additionally, we propose two parameterized heuristics that can …
A Performance Analysis Of Hardware-Assisted Security Technologies, Wenjie Qiu
A Performance Analysis Of Hardware-Assisted Security Technologies, Wenjie Qiu
McKelvey School of Engineering Theses & Dissertations
Intel Software Guard Extensions (SGX) is a novel hardware-assisted security technology introduced by Intel Corporation. The ambition of Intel SGX is to provide an isolated and secure execution environment for user-space applications. Even if the BIOS is compromised, the protected applications remains secure. The isolated execution environment is located in a special memory region called the enclave. Promoting and using a novel technology requires a good understanding of it. This thesis first contains a systematization of knowledge of the hardware-assisted security technologies, trusted computing and the Intel SGX. What is more, to have the best practice of using Intel SGX, …
Hemodynamic Effects On Aortic Development Due To Outflow Tract Banding, Humza Ismail
Hemodynamic Effects On Aortic Development Due To Outflow Tract Banding, Humza Ismail
McKelvey School of Engineering Theses & Dissertations
Hemodynamic forces drive remodeling of the early cardiac system in embryonic development. Perturbations of normal cardiac blood flow can cause the formation of defects and malformations within the cardiac system. Specifically, changes in hemodynamics can cause the formation of different congenital heart defects. The formation of heart defects has been studied; however, vasculature specific defects caused by changes in blood flow patterns in the early cardiac system have not been studied to the same degree. In this thesis, the effects of hemodynamic changes on arterial development were studied. Outflow tract banding (OTB) was used to cause a local increase in …
Toward Controlling Cardiac Tissue Pacing Using Modified Mrna, Yicheng Zhao
Toward Controlling Cardiac Tissue Pacing Using Modified Mrna, Yicheng Zhao
McKelvey School of Engineering Theses & Dissertations
Arrhythmia is a common heart disease that happens when the heart is beating too fast, too slow, or irregularly. To study the mechanisms and treatments of this disease, it is important to acutely control the beating rate of the model as it will help distinguish the contribution of different potassium currents and drug-induced action potential in cardiomyocytes. The current method of tissue pacing, electrical pacing, causes contamination and corrosive damage to tissues, thus the tissues fail to be used repeatedly or in future studies. In this study, red-shifted channelrhodopsin (ReaChR) is applied as a non-chemical means to control the beating …